Difference between revisions of "R/C2/Introduction-to-RStudio/English"

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Line 53: Line 53:
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Highlight the '''Source '''window
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Highlight the '''Source '''window
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | The window in the top left corner is the '''Source''' window.  
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | The window in the top left corner is the '''Source''' window.  
 
  
 
It is used to edit a '''script''' and run it.
 
It is used to edit a '''script''' and run it.
Line 59: Line 58:
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Highlight the '''Console '''window
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Highlight the '''Console '''window
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | The window in the bottom left corner is the '''Console''' window.  
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | The window in the bottom left corner is the '''Console''' window.  
 
  
 
It is used to install '''packages''' or to run a particular '''command'''.
 
It is used to install '''packages''' or to run a particular '''command'''.
Line 68: Line 66:
 
Highlight '''Environment''' tab
 
Highlight '''Environment''' tab
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | The upper right window is the '''Workspace''' window.  
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | The upper right window is the '''Workspace''' window.  
 
  
 
It stores all the variables used during execution of commands under the '''Environment''' tab.
 
It stores all the variables used during execution of commands under the '''Environment''' tab.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Place cursor on the inside edges of all the windows.  
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Place cursor on the inside edges of all the windows.  
 
  
 
Point to the four-headed arrow.  
 
Point to the four-headed arrow.  
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Place your cursor on the inside edges of all the windows.  
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Place your cursor on the inside edges of all the windows.  
 
  
 
A four-headed arrow symbol appears.  
 
A four-headed arrow symbol appears.  
Line 89: Line 84:
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Type '''testSample <- c(1,2,3,4)''' in '''Console'''
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Type '''testSample <- c(1,2,3,4)''' in '''Console'''
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | In the '''Console''', type '''testSample (capital S) '''space '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen '''space '''c. '''
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | In the '''Console''', type '''testSample (capital S) '''space '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen '''space '''c. '''
 
  
 
Now, in '''parentheses''', type 1 comma 2 comma 3 comma 4.  
 
Now, in '''parentheses''', type 1 comma 2 comma 3 comma 4.  
 
  
 
Press '''Enter''' to execute this line.  
 
Press '''Enter''' to execute this line.  
Line 109: Line 102:
  
 
We will learn more about '''Working Directory''' later in this series.  
 
We will learn more about '''Working Directory''' later in this series.  
 
  
 
The''' Plots''' tab shows all the '''graphical output'''.  
 
The''' Plots''' tab shows all the '''graphical output'''.  
Line 117: Line 109:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Type '''plot(testSample)''' in the Console window
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Type '''plot(testSample)''' in the Console window
 
  
 
Highlight the output plot  
 
Highlight the output plot  
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | In the '''Console''', type '''plot testSample capital S in parentheses. '''Press '''Enter'''.  
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | In the '''Console''', type '''plot testSample capital S in parentheses. '''Press '''Enter'''.  
 
  
 
You can now see the plot in the '''Plots '''window.
 
You can now see the plot in the '''Plots '''window.
Line 129: Line 119:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Highlight '''testSample'''
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Highlight '''testSample'''
 
  
 
Highlight broom-shaped icon in '''Environment '''
 
Highlight broom-shaped icon in '''Environment '''
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | We will clear this '''variable''' in this window.  
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | We will clear this '''variable''' in this window.  
 
  
 
At the top of the '''Environment''' window, click on the broom icon.  
 
At the top of the '''Environment''' window, click on the broom icon.  
Line 139: Line 127:
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | In '''Confirm Remove Objects''' window >> check '''Include hidden objects''' >> click on '''Yes'''
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | In '''Confirm Remove Objects''' window >> check '''Include hidden objects''' >> click on '''Yes'''
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | A '''Confirm Remove Objects''' window appears.  
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | A '''Confirm Remove Objects''' window appears.  
 
  
 
Ensure that the box '''Include hidden objects''' is checked and click on '''Yes'''.  
 
Ensure that the box '''Include hidden objects''' is checked and click on '''Yes'''.  
Line 160: Line 147:
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Type plot('''testSample''') in the '''Console '''window
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Type plot('''testSample''') in the '''Console '''window
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Now, let us try plotting this variable again.  
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | Now, let us try plotting this variable again.  
 
  
 
In the '''Console''', again type '''plot testSample '''in '''parentheses''' as before.
 
In the '''Console''', again type '''plot testSample '''in '''parentheses''' as before.
Line 186: Line 172:
  
 
'''History '''tab  
 
'''History '''tab  
 
  
 
Highlight the commands
 
Highlight the commands
Line 203: Line 188:
 
Type '''secondVar <- 8'''
 
Type '''secondVar <- 8'''
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | In the Console, type '''first capital V a r '''space '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen '''space 6.  
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | In the Console, type '''first capital V a r '''space '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen '''space 6.  
 
  
 
Press '''Enter'''.  
 
Press '''Enter'''.  
 
  
 
Next, type '''second capital V a r '''space '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen '''space 8.  
 
Next, type '''second capital V a r '''space '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen '''space 8.  
Line 233: Line 216:
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''R packages'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> are </span>* <div style="margin-left:0.7665in;margin-right:0in;">A collection of''' R functions, compiled code '''and sample data</div>
 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.0743in;padding-right:0.075in;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''R packages'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> are </span>* <div style="margin-left:0.7665in;margin-right:0in;">A collection of''' R functions, compiled code '''and sample data</div>
 
* <div style="margin-left:0.7665in;margin-right:0in;">Stored under a directory called '''library '''in the '''R environment'''.</div>
 
* <div style="margin-left:0.7665in;margin-right:0in;">Stored under a directory called '''library '''in the '''R environment'''.</div>
 
 
  
 
<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">By default, </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''R'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> installs a set of </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''packages'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">.</span>
 
<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">By default, </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''R'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> installs a set of </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''packages'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">.</span>

Revision as of 15:39, 16 November 2018

Title of script: Introduction to R Studio
Authors: Shaik Sameer (IIIT Vadodara) and Sudhakar Kumar (IIT Bombay)
Keywords: R, RStudio, workspace, console, packages


Visual Cue Narration
Show slide

Opening slide

Welcome to this tutorial on Introduction to R Studio.
Show slide

Objectives

In this tutorial, you will learn about these features of RStudio:
  • Source and Console windows
  • Workspace; Plots and Files window
  • How to install packages of R
Show slide

Pre-requisites

To understand this tutorial, you should know:
  • Elementary Maths
  • Basic commands of R

If not, please locate the relevant tutorials on R on this website.

Show slide

Systems requirements

This tutorial is recorded on
  • Ubuntu Linux OS 16.04
  • R version 3.2.3
  • RStudio version 1.1.456

Install R version 3.2.0 or higher.

[RStudio]

RStudio window

Let us switch to RStudio.
Highlight the Source window The window in the top left corner is the Source window.

It is used to edit a script and run it.

Highlight the Console window The window in the bottom left corner is the Console window.

It is used to install packages or to run a particular command.

Highlight the Workspace window


Highlight Environment tab

The upper right window is the Workspace window.

It stores all the variables used during execution of commands under the Environment tab.

Place cursor on the inside edges of all the windows.

Point to the four-headed arrow.

Place your cursor on the inside edges of all the windows.

A four-headed arrow symbol appears.

Drag this to resize windows for better visibility. You can drag this to resize your windows for better visibility.
Let us declare some variables.
Type testSample <- c(1,2,3,4) in Console In the Console, type testSample (capital S) space less than symbol followed by hyphen space c.

Now, in parentheses, type 1 comma 2 comma 3 comma 4.

Press Enter to execute this line.

Highlight the testSample in Environment tab You can see the variable testSample in the Environment window.
Highlight the Plots and Files window The lower right window is the Plots and Files window.
Highlight the Files tab


Highlight the Plots tab

The Files tab is used to keep track of Working Directories.

We will learn more about Working Directory later in this series.

The Plots tab shows all the graphical output.

Let us plot the variable testSample.
Type plot(testSample) in the Console window

Highlight the output plot

In the Console, type plot testSample capital S in parentheses. Press Enter.

You can now see the plot in the Plots window.

Highlight the Environment tab Let us look at the Environment window in the upper right corner.
Highlight testSample

Highlight broom-shaped icon in Environment

We will clear this variable in this window.

At the top of the Environment window, click on the broom icon.

In Confirm Remove Objects window >> check Include hidden objects >> click on Yes A Confirm Remove Objects window appears.

Ensure that the box Include hidden objects is checked and click on Yes.

Highlight Environment tab Now, there is no variable in the Environment.
Click in the Plots window and click on the broom icon. Click in the Plots window and click on the broom icon.
Point to Clear Plots text box. A Clear Plots text box appears.
Point to Clear Plots text box. The text reads, “Are you sure you want to clear all of the plots in the history?”
Click Yes. Click Yes.
Type plot(testSample) in the Console window Now, let us try plotting this variable again.

In the Console, again type plot testSample in parentheses as before.

Press Enter.

Highlight the error in the Console window


Highlight broom-shaped icon in Environment

No plot is generated.


Instead, we see:

Error in plot(testSample) : object 'testSample' not found


It means that the variable testSample has been removed from our Workspace.


So, you should be careful with this broom icon in the Environment window.

History tab

Highlight the commands

Next to Environment, the History tab stores all our actions.

Here, we can see the lines that have been executed so far.

Let us declare two variables, firstVar and secondVar, which will be used later.
[Console]


Type firstVar <- 6

Type secondVar <- 8

In the Console, type first capital V a r space less than symbol followed by hyphen space 6.

Press Enter.

Next, type second capital V a r space less than symbol followed by hyphen space 8.

Press Enter.

[RStudio]

Press Ctrl+L

Our Console window is filled with the previous commands.

We need to clean the Console before moving on.

Click in the Console window and press Ctrl+L together.

Highlight the broom-shaped icon at the right corner of the Console window Clicking on the broom icon in the upper right corner of the Console will also clear it.

To see this icon, place the cursor under the maximizer button of the Console window.

You will see a hand symbol and the text, Clear Console Ctrl+L.

Show slide

Packages in R

R packages are *
A collection of R functions, compiled code and sample data
  • Stored under a directory called library in the R environment.

By default, R installs a set of packages.

Let us switch back to RStudio.
Click on the Environment tab again. Now click on the Environment tab again.
[RStudio]

Type library()

To see the list of R packages installed in your system, type library parentheses in the Console.

Press Enter.

Tab R packages available opens in Source window A tab named R packages available opens up in Source window.
Let us install a new package named MASS. Please make sure that you are connected to the Internet.
[Console]

Type install.packages("MASS")

Highlight the red dot at the right corner of Console

In the Console window, type install dot packages.

Now, MASS inside double quotes in parentheses.

Press Enter.

We will need to wait until R installs the package.

There is another way to install a package. Let us install another package named ggplot2.
Click on the Tools button >>

Select the Install Packages option

In the top menu bar of RStudio, click on the Tools button.

From the dropdown menu, select the Install Packages option.

In Packages, type ggplot2 In the Packages field, type the name of the package ggplot2
Check the box Install dependencies >> click on the Install button Ensure that Install dependencies box is checked and click on the Install button.
[RStudio]

Type library(MASS) in the Console window

To load a package, we use library() function and provide the package name as an argument.

We will load the MASS package now.

In the Console window, type library MASS in parentheses and press Enter.

Now we will use fractions() function available in the MASS package.
[RStudio]


Type f r a c t i o.

Point to the fractions option.

Press Enter to select.

fractions(firstVar/secondVar)

Highlight ¾ in the Console



In the Console window, type f r a c t i o.

RStudio shows the fractions option.

Press Enter to select it.


You can use this feature while typing commands.

Only remember that R is case-sensitive.


After fractions, type, in parentheses, firstVar division slash secondVar.

Press Enter.

You can see the reduced fraction ¾ in the Console.

Type firstVar/secondVar in the Console


Highlight the output in decimal

In the Console, we can also type firstVar division slash secondVar.

It gives the result in decimal form.

This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.
Show slide

Summary


We have learned about, *
Source and Console windows
  • Workspace; Plots and Files window
  • How to install packages of R
Show slide

Assignment

We now suggest an assignment.*
Install plyr package and load it.


Show slide

About the Spoken Tutorial Project

The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

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Spoken Tutorial Workshops

We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give certificates.

Please contact us.

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Forum to answer questions


Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

Someone from the FOSSEE team will answer them.

Please visit this site.

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Forum to answer questions

Do you have any general / technical questions?

Please visit the forum given in the link.

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Textbook Companion

The FOSSEE team coordinates coding of solved examples of popular books.

We give honorarium and certificates for those who do this.

For more details, please visit these sites.

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Acknowledgement

The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India
Show Slide

Thank You

This script has been contributed by Shaik (FOSSEE Fellow 2018) and Sudhakar from FOSSEE project.


This is Vidhya Iyer from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching.

Contributors and Content Editors

Nancyvarkey, Sudhakarst