Difference between revisions of "R/C2/Introduction-to-R-script/English"

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<div style="margin-left:0cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Title of script''': Introduction to R script
 
  
<div style="margin-left:0cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Authors''': Shaik Sameer (IIIT Vadodara) and Sudhakar Kumar (IIT Bombay)
+
'''Title of script''': Introduction to R script 
  
<div style="margin-left:0cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Keywords''': R, RStudio, script
+
'''Authors''': Shaik Sameer (IIIT Vadodara) and Sudhakar Kumar (IIT Bombay) 
  
 +
'''Keywords''': R, RStudio, script, video tutorial 
  
{| style="border-spacing:0;width:18.785cm;"
+
{| border =1
 +
|'''Visual Cue'''
 +
|'''Narration'''
 
|-
 
|-
| align=center style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1.25pt solid #000000;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Visual Cue'''
+
|| Show slide  
| align=center style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Narration'''
+
|-
+
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide
+
  
 
Opening slide
 
Opening slide
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  Welcome to this tutorial on '''Introduction to R script.'''
+
||  Welcome to this tutorial on   '''Introduction to R script.'''  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide
+
|| Show slide
  
 
Objectives
 
Objectives
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In this tutorial, you will learn:
+
|| In this tutorial, you will learn:
*How to work with an '''R script '''in '''RStudio'''  
+
* How to work with an '''R script '''in '''RStudio'''  
  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide
+
|| Show slide
  
 
Pre-requisites
 
Pre-requisites
  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | To understand this tutorial, you should know:  
+
|| To understand this tutorial, you should know:  
*'''R''' and '''RStudio'''
+
* '''R''' and '''RStudio'''
*Basic commands of '''R'''  
+
* Basic commands of '''R'''  
  
 
If not, please locate the relevant tutorials on '''R''' on this website.
 
If not, please locate the relevant tutorials on '''R''' on this website.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide
+
|| Show slide
  
 
Systems requirements
 
Systems requirements
  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | This tutorial is recorded on
+
|| This tutorial is recorded on
*'''Ubuntu Linux OS 16.04'''  
+
* '''Ubuntu Linux OS 16.04'''
*'''R '''version''' 3.2.3 '''
+
* '''R '''version''' 3.2.3 '''  
*'''RStudio''' version''' 1.1.463'''
+
* '''RStudio''' version''' 1.1.456'''  
 
+
 
Install '''R''' version '''3.2.0''' or higher.
 
Install '''R''' version '''3.2.0''' or higher.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide
+
|| Show slide
  
 
What is '''R script'''
 
What is '''R script'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
*An '''R script''' is a plain '''text file''' in which you save your '''R code'''
+
* An '''R script''' is a plain '''text file''' in which you save your '''R code'''  
*'''Script '''allows you to show your work to others, and also reproduce and modify the results  
+
* '''Script '''allows you to show your work to others, and also reproduce and modify the results
  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide  
+
|| Show slide  
  
 
Creating a folder for our project  
 
Creating a folder for our project  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
*Before you begin please create a folder named '''myProject'''
+
* Before you begin please create a folder named '''myProject '''on '''Desktop'''. 
*I have already created this folder on my '''Desktop'''.  
+
* I have already created this folder on my '''Desktop'''.
 
+
* I shall now save all my '''scripts '''and '''data sets '''in this folder.  
I shall now save all my '''scripts '''and '''data sets '''in this folder.
+
* Later, I shall set this folder as my '''Working Directory'''. 
  
Later, I shall set this folder as my '''Working Directory'''.
 
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]
+
|| [RStudio]
  
 
RStudio window  
 
RStudio window  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Let us switch to '''RStudio'''.
+
|| Let us switch to '''RStudio'''.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|| [RStudio]
 +
 
 +
Highlight the tabs '''Untitled1 '''and '''R packages available''' in the '''Source '''window
 +
|| We will close these two tabs named '''Untitled1 '''and '''R packages available'''.
 +
 
 +
Click on the small cross symbol next to these tabs.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]
+
|| [RStudio]
  
 
Click on the green '''plus sign >> '''select '''R Script''' from the dropdown  
 
Click on the green '''plus sign >> '''select '''R Script''' from the dropdown  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We will now create a new '''R script'''.
+
|| We will now create a new '''R script'''.
*In the top left corner of '''RStudio, '''click on the green '''plus sign. '''
+
* In the top left corner of '''RStudio, '''click on the green '''plus sign. '''  
*Now from the dropdown menu, select '''R Script'''.
+
* Now from the dropdown menu, select '''R Script'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the new '''R''' '''script Untitled1'''
+
|| Highlight the new '''R''' '''script Untitled1'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | A new '''R script''' appears in the '''Source''' window.
+
|| A new '''R script''' appears in the '''Source''' window.
  
 
You can also create a new '''R script''' by pressing '''Ctrl+Shift+N''' together.
 
You can also create a new '''R script''' by pressing '''Ctrl+Shift+N''' together.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on '''File'''
+
|| Click on '''File'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Let us save this '''R''' '''script''' first.
+
|| Let us save this '''R''' '''script''' first.
  
 
In the top left corner of the screen, click on the '''File''' option.
 
In the top left corner of the screen, click on the '''File''' option.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on '''Save '''option
+
|| Click on '''Save '''option
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Then click on '''Save''' to save the script.  
+
|| Then click on '''Save''' to save the script.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Select the directory '''myProject'''>> type name '''myfirstscript'''>> click on '''Save '''button
+
|| Select the directory '''myProject'''>> type name '''myfirstscript'''>> click on '''Save '''button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Select the directory where you want to save your '''R script'''.  
+
|| Select the directory where you want to save your '''R script'''.  
  
I am saving it in the folder '''myProject''' on my '''Desktop''', with the name '''myfirstscript.'''
+
I am saving the '''script '''in the folder '''myProject''' on my '''Desktop''',''' '''with the name '''myfirstscript.'''
  
 
Finally, click on the '''Save''' button.  
 
Finally, click on the '''Save''' button.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Point to '''myfirstscript.R '''in the '''Source '''window
+
|| Point to '''myfirstscript.R '''in the '''Source '''window
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now you can see that the file is named as '''myfirstscript.R'''.  
+
|| Now you can see that the file is named as '''myfirstscript.R'''.  
  
 
'''RStudio''' automatically adds '''dot R''' at the end of the filename.  
 
'''RStudio''' automatically adds '''dot R''' at the end of the filename.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now, let us write some lines of code in the '''script''' file '''myfirstscript.R'''.  
+
|| Now, let us write some lines of code in the '''script''' file '''myfirstscript.R'''.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]
+
|| [RStudio]
  
 
'''testSample <- c(1,2,3,4)'''
 
'''testSample <- c(1,2,3,4)'''
  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We will create a '''vector''' named '''testSample''' with one two three four as its '''elements'''.
+
|| We will create a '''vector''' named '''testSample''' with one two three four as its '''elements'''.
  
 
We have already learned how to create '''vectors''' earlier in this series.  
 
We have already learned how to create '''vectors''' earlier in this series.  
Line 116: Line 121:
 
Press '''Enter. '''
 
Press '''Enter. '''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight '''<- symbol'''
+
|| Highlight '''<- symbol'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | You may also use '''equal''' sign in place of '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen'''.
+
|| You may also use '''equal''' sign in place of '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen'''.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight '''Save''' icon
+
|| Highlight '''Save''' icon
  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the '''Source '''window, to the left of the checkbox '''Source on Save, ''' click on the '''Save''' icon.
+
|| In the '''Source '''window, to the left of the checkbox '''Source on Save, ''' click on the '''Save''' icon.
  
 
Or, press '''Ctrl+S '''together to save the file.
 
Or, press '''Ctrl+S '''together to save the file.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]
+
|| [RStudio]
  
 
'''print(testSample)'''
 
'''print(testSample)'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We will now use the '''print function''' to display the values in '''testSample''' '''vector.'''
+
|| We will now use the '''print function''' to display the values in '''testSample''' '''vector.'''
  
 
In the '''Source '''window, type p r i  
 
In the '''Source '''window, type p r i  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the predicted functions
+
|| Highlight the predicted functions
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''RStudio''' automatically starts suggesting different '''functions'''.  
+
|| '''RStudio''' automatically starts suggesting different '''functions'''.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | You can navigate this list of '''functions''' by using the '''up (↑)''' and '''down (↓)''' arrow keys on the keyboard.  
+
|| You can navigate this list of '''functions''' by using the '''up (↑)''' and '''down (↓)''' arrow keys on the keyboard.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Press '''Enter'''
+
|| Press '''Enter'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | To select a particular '''function''', just press '''Enter'''.  
+
|| To select a particular '''function''', just press '''Enter'''.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Finish typing''' print testSample '''in '''parentheses '''and press '''Enter'''.  
+
|| Finish typing''' print testSample '''in '''parentheses '''and press '''Enter'''.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Press '''Ctrl+S '''
+
|| Press '''Ctrl+S '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now let’s save the file and '''run''' it with these two lines only.  
+
|| Now let’s save the file and '''run''' it with these two lines only.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]
+
||
 +
|| Now, we maximize the '''Source '''window.
 +
|-
 +
|| [RStudio]
  
 
Highlight '''Source''' button in the '''Source''' window
 
Highlight '''Source''' button in the '''Source''' window
  
 
Highlight the output in '''Console''' window
 
Highlight the output in '''Console''' window
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the top right corner of the '''Source '''window, click on the '''Source '''button.
+
|| In the top right corner of the '''Source '''window, click on the '''Source '''button.
  
 
You can see the line-by-line execution of the '''script''' in the '''Console'''.  
 
You can see the line-by-line execution of the '''script''' in the '''Console'''.  
Line 160: Line 168:
 
For this, you need to first click in the '''script '''window.  
 
For this, you need to first click in the '''script '''window.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]
+
|| [RStudio]
  
'''firstVar''' '''<nowiki>= 10</nowiki>'''
+
'''firstVar''' '''= 10'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now let’s declare a '''variable firstVar''' with value of ten''' '''in the '''Source''' window.
+
|| Now let’s declare a '''variable firstVar''' with value of ten''' '''in the '''Source''' window.
  
 
Type''' firstVar''' with capital V space '''equal''' sign space 10 and press '''Enter. '''
 
Type''' firstVar''' with capital V space '''equal''' sign space 10 and press '''Enter. '''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Please note that '''R''' language is case-sensitive.  
+
|| Please note that '''R''' language is case-sensitive.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]
+
|| [RStudio]
  
 
'''print(firstVar) '''
 
'''print(firstVar) '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We will now use the '''print function '''to show the value of '''firstVar'''.
+
|| We will now use the '''print function '''to show the value of '''firstVar'''.
  
In the '''Source '''window, type '''print '''and in '''parentheses''', start typing '''firstVar. '''
+
In the '''Source '''window, type '''print'''.
  
'''RStudio''' shows '''firstVar'''<nowiki>; press </nowiki>'''Enter''' to select it.  
+
I am typing only '''p r i n '''but the options appear and I select '''print '''from there. Now in '''parentheses''', start typing '''firstVar. '''
 +
 
 +
'''RStudio''' shows '''firstVar'''; press '''Enter''' to select it.  
  
 
Press '''Enter''' to go to the next line.  
 
Press '''Enter''' to go to the next line.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]
+
|| [RStudio]
  
 
'''secondVar = 15'''
 
'''secondVar = 15'''
  
 
'''print(secondVar)'''
 
'''print(secondVar)'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Next let’s declare another '''variable secondVar''' with value of fifteen.
+
|| Now let’s declare another '''variable secondVar''' with value of fifteen.
  
 
In the '''Source''' window, type''' secondVar''' space '''equal''' sign space 15 and press '''Enter'''.
 
In the '''Source''' window, type''' secondVar''' space '''equal''' sign space 15 and press '''Enter'''.
  
Now, as shown before, type '''print''' '''secondVar''' in '''parentheses''' to show its value and press '''Enter'''.
+
Now, as shown before, type '''print''' '''secondVar''' in '''parentheses''' to show its value and press '''Enter''' .  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We can add '''comments''' to our code by using '''<nowiki># hash </nowiki>'''symbol followed by our '''comment'''.  
+
|| We can add '''comments''' to our code by using '''# hash '''symbol followed by our '''comment'''.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]
+
|| [RStudio]
  
'''<nowiki># Creating an R script </nowiki>'''
+
'''# Creating an R script'''
  
 
Highlight the comment line and first line of code  
 
Highlight the comment line and first line of code  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Type''' hash''' symbol space '''Creating an R script''' before the declaration of '''testSample vector.'''
+
|| Type''' hash''' symbol space '''Creating an R script''' before the declaration of '''testSample vector.'''
  
 
'''R '''interprets each line of code.  
 
'''R '''interprets each line of code.  
Line 206: Line 216:
 
Please make sure that your '''comment''' and the first line of code appear in separate lines.
 
Please make sure that your '''comment''' and the first line of code appear in separate lines.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on the line '''print(secondVar)'''
+
|| Click on the line '''print(secondVar)'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now, let’s '''comment''' the line '''print(secondVar)'''.
+
|| Now, let’s '''comment''' the line '''print(secondVar)'''.
  
 
To do that, first click on this line.  
 
To do that, first click on this line.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | from '''Code '''option >>  
+
|| from '''Code '''option >>  
  
 
'''Comment/Uncomment Lines'''  
 
'''Comment/Uncomment Lines'''  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Then from the top menu bar of '''RStudio''',''' '''click on the '''Code''' option.  
+
|| Then from the top menu bar of '''RStudio''',''' '''click on the '''Code''' option.  
  
 
From the dropdown menu, click on the '''Comment/Uncomment Lines '''option.  
 
From the dropdown menu, click on the '''Comment/Uncomment Lines '''option.  
Line 220: Line 230:
 
This option helps us to '''comment''' as well as '''uncomment''' a line.
 
This option helps us to '''comment''' as well as '''uncomment''' a line.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight '''hash '''symbol
+
|| Highlight '''hash '''symbol
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | On doing so, we see a '''hash '''symbol with space.  
+
|| On doing so, we see a '''hash '''symbol with space.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Delete''' # symbol'''
+
|| Delete''' # symbol'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | For now, we will '''uncomment print(secondVar)''' and save our '''script'''.
+
|| For now, we will '''uncomment print(secondVar)''' and save our '''script'''.
  
Delete '''<nowiki># hash</nowiki>''' symbol at the beginning of this line.
+
Delete '''# hash''' symbol at the beginning of this line.
  
 
Or, you can press '''Ctrl+Z''' to uncomment this line.
 
Or, you can press '''Ctrl+Z''' to uncomment this line.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]
+
|| [RStudio]
  
 
Click on the '''Source''' button
 
Click on the '''Source''' button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now let’s run the '''script''' file.  
+
|| Now let’s run the '''script''' file.  
  
 
In the top right corner of the '''Source''' window, click on the '''Source '''button.
 
In the top right corner of the '''Source''' window, click on the '''Source '''button.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the '''Console '''window
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | On doing so, line by line execution of the '''script '''is shown in the '''Console '''window.
+
|| Now maximize the '''Console'''.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the output in '''Console'''
+
|| Highlight the '''Console '''window
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The '''sample vector [1 2 3 4] '''is printed.  
+
|| The line-by-line execution of the '''script '''is shown in the '''Console '''window.
 +
|-
 +
|| Highlight the output in '''Console'''
 +
|| The '''sample vector [1 2 3 4] '''is printed.  
  
 
The values of two '''variables,''' 10 and 15 are printed.  
 
The values of two '''variables,''' 10 and 15 are printed.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
|| Click on the broom icon in the '''Console '''window
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We will clear the '''Console''' by clicking on the broom icon.  
+
|| We will clear the '''Console''' by clicking on the broom icon.
 +
|-
 +
||
 +
|| Now, we minimize the '''Console '''window.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now let’s move ahead.  
+
|| Now let’s move ahead.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the file '''myfirstscript.R'''
+
|| Highlight the file '''myfirstscript.R'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Suppose, we want to run only a '''block of code '''after '''print(testSample) '''from the file '''myfirstscript.R. '''
+
|| Suppose, we want to run only a '''block of code '''after '''print(testSample) '''from the file '''myfirstscript.R. '''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]
+
|| [RStudio]
  
 
Highlighting the block of code
 
Highlighting the block of code
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | First, select or highlight the''' block of code''', starting from '''firstVar''' '''equals 10 '''to the end.  
+
|| First, select or highlight the''' block of code''', starting from '''firstVar''' '''equals 10 '''to the end.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on''' Run''' button
+
|| Click on''' Run''' button
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Then in the top right corner of the '''Source '''window, click on the '''Run '''button with an arrow.  
+
|| Then in the top right corner of the '''Source '''window, click on the '''Run '''button with an arrow.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the output in '''Console '''window
+
|| Highlight the output in '''Console '''window
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now you can see the output of only the highlighted part of the code in the '''Console''' window.  
+
|| Now you can see the output of only the highlighted part of the code in the '''Console''' window.  
  
 
The output shows the values of two '''variables, '''10 and 15 only.
 
The output shows the values of two '''variables, '''10 and 15 only.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Run a block using '''Ctrl+Enter'''
+
|| Run a block using '''Ctrl+Enter'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | You can also run a particular '''block''' by highlighting it and pressing '''Ctrl+Enter''' together.
+
|| You can also run a particular '''block''' by highlighting it and pressing '''Ctrl+Enter''' together.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on broom icon
+
|| Click on broom icon
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We will clear the '''Console''' window by clicking on the broom icon.  
+
|| We will clear the '''Console''' window by clicking on the broom icon.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]
+
|| [RStudio]
  
 
Creating an R script using '''Ctrl+Shift+N'''
 
Creating an R script using '''Ctrl+Shift+N'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now let’s create another '''R script'''.
+
|| Now let us create another '''R script'''.
  
 
Use '''Ctrl+Shift+N''' to open a new '''script'''.  
 
Use '''Ctrl+Shift+N''' to open a new '''script'''.  
Line 282: Line 298:
 
Save this '''script''' in the same folder '''myProject''' with the name '''mysecondscript.'''  
 
Save this '''script''' in the same folder '''myProject''' with the name '''mysecondscript.'''  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now let’s learn how to load''' myfirstscript.R''' into '''mysecondscript.R'''.  
+
|| Now let’s learn how to load''' myfirstscript.R''' into '''mysecondscript.R'''.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]
+
|| [RStudio]
  
 
'''Source'''
 
'''Source'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Go to''' myfirstscript.R '''and run it by clicking on the '''Source''' button.
+
|| Go to''' myfirstscript.R '''and run it by clicking on the '''Source''' button.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the '''source '''line
+
|| Highlight the '''source '''line
  
 
'''source('~/Desktop/myProject/myfirstscript.R', echo=TRUE)'''.
 
'''source('~/Desktop/myProject/myfirstscript.R', echo=TRUE)'''.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the '''Console''' window, scroll up to locate the '''source''' for this '''script'''.<span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;">''' '''
+
|| In the '''Console''' window, scroll up to locate the '''source''' for this '''script'''.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Copying the '''source '''line
+
|| Copying the '''source '''line
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Copy it without the '''less than symbol. '''
+
|| Copy it without the '''less than symbol. '''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Back to '''mysecondscript.R'''
+
|| Back to '''mysecondscript.R'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now let’s get back to our new '''script''' '''mysecondscript.R'''
+
|| Now let’s get back to our new '''script''' '''mysecondscript.R'''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Pasting the '''source '''line
+
|| Pasting the '''source '''line
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Paste what we have just copied, at the top of the''' script mysecondscript.R '''
+
|| Paste what we have just copied, at the top of the''' script mysecondscript.R '''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We can press '''Enter''' after comma for better visibility.
+
|| We can press '''Enter''' after comma for better visibility.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Type '''print("Script loaded")'''  
+
|| Type '''print("Script loaded")'''  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Next, write one more line to ensure that the execution is from this '''script''' only.  
+
|| Next, write one more line to ensure that the execution is from this '''script''' only.  
  
 
In the '''Source''' window, type '''print '''and then the following words in''' parentheses.'''
 
In the '''Source''' window, type '''print '''and then the following words in''' parentheses.'''
Line 316: Line 332:
 
Press''' Enter. '''
 
Press''' Enter. '''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Press '''Ctrl+S''' keys
+
|| Press '''Ctrl+S''' keys
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Save the '''script.'''
+
|| Save the '''script.'''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on the broom icon in '''Console'''  
+
|| Click on the broom icon in '''Console'''  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Let us clear the console again by clicking on the broom icon.  
+
|| Let us clear the '''Console '''again by clicking on the broom icon.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Press '''Ctrl+Shift+Enter''' keys
+
|| Press '''Ctrl+Shift+Enter''' keys
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now run the '''script''' by pressing  '''Ctrl+Shift+Enter''' together.  
+
|| Now run the '''script''' by pressing  '''Ctrl+Shift+Enter'''   together.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the output
+
||  
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | You can see the output in the  '''console''' window and verify the results.
+
|| Maximize the '''Console '''window.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
|| Highlight the output
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.
+
|| You can see the output in the  '''Console'''  window and verify the results.  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide
+
||
 +
||  Now, we minimize the  '''Console '''  window.
 +
|-
 +
||
 +
|| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.
 +
|-
 +
|| Show slide
  
 
Summary
 
Summary
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | At the end of this tutorial, we have learnt how to
+
|| We have learned
*Create, save and run an '''R script'''
+
* How to create, save and run an '''R script'''  
  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide
+
|| Show slide
  
 
Assignment
 
Assignment
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We now suggest an assignment.
+
|| We now suggest an assignment.
 
+
* Create a '''script''' and save it on '''Desktop''' as '''testscript.R '''  
*Create a '''script''' and save it on '''Desktop''' as '''testscript.R '''
+
* Load '''myfirstscript.R''' in this '''script '''and run it.  
*Load '''myfirstscript.R''' in this script and run it.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide
+
|| Show slide
  
 
About the Spoken Tutorial Project
 
About the Spoken Tutorial Project
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
+
|| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
  
 
Please download and watch it.
 
Please download and watch it.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide
+
|| Show slide
  
 
Spoken Tutorial Workshops
 
Spoken Tutorial Workshops
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give certificates.
+
|| We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give certificates.
  
 
Please contact us.
 
Please contact us.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show Slide
+
|| Show Slide
  
 
Forum to answer questions
 
Forum to answer questions
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  Do you have questions in THIS '''Spoken Tutorial?'''
+
||  Do you have questions in THIS   '''Spoken Tutorial?'''  
  
 
Choose the minute and second where you have the question.
 
Choose the minute and second where you have the question.
Line 374: Line 395:
 
Please visit this site.
 
Please visit this site.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
|| Show Slide
 
+
Show Slide
+
  
 
Forum to answer questions
 
Forum to answer questions
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Do you have any general / technical questions?
+
|| Do you have any general / technical questions?
  
 
Please visit the forum given in the link.
 
Please visit the forum given in the link.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show Slide
+
|| Show Slide
  
 
Textbook Companion
 
Textbook Companion
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  The '''FOSSEE ''' team coordinates coding of solved examples of popular books.
+
||  The   '''FOSSEE ''' team coordinates coding of solved examples of popular books.  
  
We give honorarium and certificates for those who do this.
+
We give honorarium and certificates to those who do this.
  
 
For more details, please visit these sites.
 
For more details, please visit these sites.
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show Slide
+
|| Show Slide
  
 
Acknowledgement
 
Acknowledgement
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India
+
|| The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show Slide
+
|| Show Slide
  
 
Thank You
 
Thank You
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000000;border-left:1.25pt solid #000000;border-right:1.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" |  
+
|| The script for this tutorial was contributed by Shaik Sameer (FOSSEE Fellow 2018).
 
+
This script for this tutorial was contributed by Shaik Sameer (FOSSEE Fellow 2018).
+
  
 
This is Sudhakar Kumar from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching.
 
This is Sudhakar Kumar from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 15:56, 24 April 2019

Title of script: Introduction to R script

Authors: Shaik Sameer (IIIT Vadodara) and Sudhakar Kumar (IIT Bombay)

Keywords: R, RStudio, script, video tutorial

Visual Cue Narration
Show slide

Opening slide

Welcome to this tutorial on Introduction to R script.
Show slide

Objectives

In this tutorial, you will learn:
  • How to work with an R script in RStudio
Show slide

Pre-requisites

To understand this tutorial, you should know:
  • R and RStudio
  • Basic commands of R

If not, please locate the relevant tutorials on R on this website.

Show slide

Systems requirements

This tutorial is recorded on
  • Ubuntu Linux OS 16.04
  • R version 3.2.3
  • RStudio version 1.1.456

Install R version 3.2.0 or higher.

Show slide

What is R script

  • An R script is a plain text file in which you save your R code
  • Script allows you to show your work to others, and also reproduce and modify the results
Show slide

Creating a folder for our project

  • Before you begin please create a folder named myProject on Desktop.
  • I have already created this folder on my Desktop.
  • I shall now save all my scripts and data sets in this folder.
  • Later, I shall set this folder as my Working Directory.
[RStudio]

RStudio window

Let us switch to RStudio.
[RStudio]

Highlight the tabs Untitled1 and R packages available in the Source window

We will close these two tabs named Untitled1 and R packages available.

Click on the small cross symbol next to these tabs.

[RStudio]

Click on the green plus sign >> select R Script from the dropdown

We will now create a new R script.
  • In the top left corner of RStudio, click on the green plus sign.
  • Now from the dropdown menu, select R Script.
Highlight the new R script Untitled1 A new R script appears in the Source window.

You can also create a new R script by pressing Ctrl+Shift+N together.

Click on File Let us save this R script first.

In the top left corner of the screen, click on the File option.

Click on Save option Then click on Save to save the script.
Select the directory myProject>> type name myfirstscript>> click on Save button Select the directory where you want to save your R script.

I am saving the script in the folder myProject on my Desktop, with the name myfirstscript.

Finally, click on the Save button.

Point to myfirstscript.R in the Source window Now you can see that the file is named as myfirstscript.R.

RStudio automatically adds dot R at the end of the filename.

Now, let us write some lines of code in the script file myfirstscript.R.
[RStudio]

testSample <- c(1,2,3,4)

We will create a vector named testSample with one two three four as its elements.

We have already learned how to create vectors earlier in this series.

In the Source window, type testSample space less than symbol.Now type hyphen space c 1 comma 2 comma 3 comma 4 in parentheses.

Press Enter.

Highlight <- symbol You may also use equal sign in place of less than symbol followed by hyphen.
Highlight Save icon In the Source window, to the left of the checkbox Source on Save, click on the Save icon.

Or, press Ctrl+S together to save the file.

[RStudio]

print(testSample)

We will now use the print function to display the values in testSample vector.

In the Source window, type p r i

Highlight the predicted functions RStudio automatically starts suggesting different functions.
You can navigate this list of functions by using the up (↑) and down (↓) arrow keys on the keyboard.
Press Enter To select a particular function, just press Enter.
Finish typing print testSample in parentheses and press Enter.
Press Ctrl+S Now let’s save the file and run it with these two lines only.
Now, we maximize the Source window.
[RStudio]

Highlight Source button in the Source window

Highlight the output in Console window

In the top right corner of the Source window, click on the Source button.

You can see the line-by-line execution of the script in the Console.

You can also run the script by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Enter together.

For this, you need to first click in the script window.

[RStudio]

firstVar = 10

Now let’s declare a variable firstVar with value of ten in the Source window.

Type firstVar with capital V space equal sign space 10 and press Enter.

Please note that R language is case-sensitive.
[RStudio]

print(firstVar)

We will now use the print function to show the value of firstVar.

In the Source window, type print.

I am typing only p r i n but the options appear and I select print from there. Now in parentheses, start typing firstVar.

RStudio shows firstVar; press Enter to select it.

Press Enter to go to the next line.

[RStudio]

secondVar = 15

print(secondVar)

Now let’s declare another variable secondVar with value of fifteen.

In the Source window, type secondVar space equal sign space 15 and press Enter.

Now, as shown before, type print secondVar in parentheses to show its value and press Enter .

We can add comments to our code by using # hash symbol followed by our comment.
[RStudio]

# Creating an R script

Highlight the comment line and first line of code

Type hash symbol space Creating an R script before the declaration of testSample vector.

R interprets each line of code.

Please make sure that your comment and the first line of code appear in separate lines.

Click on the line print(secondVar) Now, let’s comment the line print(secondVar).

To do that, first click on this line.

from Code option >>

Comment/Uncomment Lines

Then from the top menu bar of RStudio, click on the Code option.

From the dropdown menu, click on the Comment/Uncomment Lines option.

This option helps us to comment as well as uncomment a line.

Highlight hash symbol On doing so, we see a hash symbol with space.
Delete # symbol For now, we will uncomment print(secondVar) and save our script.

Delete # hash symbol at the beginning of this line.

Or, you can press Ctrl+Z to uncomment this line.

[RStudio]

Click on the Source button

Now let’s run the script file.

In the top right corner of the Source window, click on the Source button.

Now maximize the Console.
Highlight the Console window The line-by-line execution of the script is shown in the Console window.
Highlight the output in Console The sample vector [1 2 3 4] is printed.

The values of two variables, 10 and 15 are printed.

Click on the broom icon in the Console window We will clear the Console by clicking on the broom icon.
Now, we minimize the Console window.
Now let’s move ahead.
Highlight the file myfirstscript.R Suppose, we want to run only a block of code after print(testSample) from the file myfirstscript.R.
[RStudio]

Highlighting the block of code

First, select or highlight the block of code, starting from firstVar equals 10 to the end.
Click on Run button Then in the top right corner of the Source window, click on the Run button with an arrow.
Highlight the output in Console window Now you can see the output of only the highlighted part of the code in the Console window.

The output shows the values of two variables, 10 and 15 only.

Run a block using Ctrl+Enter You can also run a particular block by highlighting it and pressing Ctrl+Enter together.
Click on broom icon We will clear the Console window by clicking on the broom icon.
[RStudio]

Creating an R script using Ctrl+Shift+N

Now let us create another R script.

Use Ctrl+Shift+N to open a new script.

Save this script in the same folder myProject with the name mysecondscript.

Now let’s learn how to load myfirstscript.R into mysecondscript.R.
[RStudio]

Source

Go to myfirstscript.R and run it by clicking on the Source button.
Highlight the source line

source('~/Desktop/myProject/myfirstscript.R', echo=TRUE).

In the Console window, scroll up to locate the source for this script.
Copying the source line Copy it without the less than symbol.
Back to mysecondscript.R Now let’s get back to our new script mysecondscript.R
Pasting the source line Paste what we have just copied, at the top of the script mysecondscript.R
We can press Enter after comma for better visibility.
Type print("Script loaded") Next, write one more line to ensure that the execution is from this script only.

In the Source window, type print and then the following words in parentheses.

In double quotes, Script space loaded.

Press Enter.

Press Ctrl+S keys Save the script.
Click on the broom icon in Console Let us clear the Console again by clicking on the broom icon.
Press Ctrl+Shift+Enter keys Now run the script by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Enter together.
Maximize the Console window.
Highlight the output You can see the output in the Console window and verify the results.
Now, we minimize the Console window.
This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.
Show slide

Summary

We have learned
  • How to create, save and run an R script
Show slide

Assignment

We now suggest an assignment.
  • Create a script and save it on Desktop as testscript.R
  • Load myfirstscript.R in this script and run it.
Show slide

About the Spoken Tutorial Project

The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Show slide

Spoken Tutorial Workshops

We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give certificates.

Please contact us.

Show Slide

Forum to answer questions

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

Someone from the FOSSEE team will answer them.

Please visit this site.

Show Slide

Forum to answer questions

Do you have any general / technical questions?

Please visit the forum given in the link.

Show Slide

Textbook Companion

The FOSSEE team coordinates coding of solved examples of popular books.

We give honorarium and certificates to those who do this.

For more details, please visit these sites.

Show Slide

Acknowledgement

The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India
Show Slide

Thank You

The script for this tutorial was contributed by Shaik Sameer (FOSSEE Fellow 2018).

This is Sudhakar Kumar from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching.

Contributors and Content Editors

Nancyvarkey, Sudhakarst