View source for PhET/C3/Fluid-pressure-and-flow/English

{|border=1
|-
|| '''Visual Cue'''
|| '''Narration'''
|-
|| '''Slide Number 1'''

Title slide 
|| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Fluid Pressure and Flow'''.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 2'''

'''Learning objectives'''
|| In this tutorial we will demonstrate 

'''Fluid Pressure and Flow PhET simulation'''.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 3'''

'''System Requirements''' 
|| Here, I am using

Ubuntu Linux OS version 16.04

Java version 1.8.0
|-
|| '''Slide Number 4'''

'''Pre-requisites'''
|| To follow this tutorial, 

Learner should be familiar with the topics in high school physics.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 5'''
'''
Learning Goals'''
|| Using this '''simulation''', 
We will demonstrate 
* Change in pressure in the presence and absence of atmosphere.
* Change in pressure in various fluid densities.
* Bernoulli's principle.
|-
||'''Slide Number 6'''

'''Learning Goals'''
||
* Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the tank.
* Observe the trajectory of a fluid
|-
|| '''Slide Number 7'''

'''Link for PhET Simulation'''

http://phet.colorado.edu
|| Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''.

|-
||  Point to the file in the ''' Downloads'''  folder.
||  I have already downloaded the simulation to my  '''Downloads''' folder.
|-
||  At the prompt type,  '''cd Downloads''' >>  press  '''Enter''' .
|| To run this simulation, open the terminal.

At the prompt type,  '''cd space Downloads''' and press  '''Enter'''.
|-
|| Type, java -jar fluid-pressure-and-flow_en.jar and press Enter.

Point to the '''simulation''' interface.
||  Type  '''java space hyphen jar space fluid  hyphen  pressure  hyphen  and  hyphen  flow  underscore  en  dot  jar'''  and press ''' Enter'''.

'''Fluid Pressure and Flow simulation'''  opens.
|-
|| On the left top corner, point to each Tab.

'''Pressure'''

'''Flow'''

'''Water Tower'''
|| Interface has three tabs.
|-
|| Point to each underground tank buttons on the left top.

Click on each button to show the different tank.
|| On the left of the screen, we have three buttons.

On clicking each of the buttons a different underground tank opens.
|-
|| Click on the button.

Point to the faucet and the container.
|| let us click on the first button.

Screen opens with a faucet and a tank.
|-
|| Click, drag the faucet slider.
|| Click and drag the faucet slider to fill the tank with water.
|-
|| Click, drag and hold the slider at the bottom of the tank.
|| Observe that an outlet is provided at the bottom of the tank to drain the fluid.

Drag the slider to drain the fluid.
|-
|| Point to the pressure gauge.

Click and drag the  '''pressure gauge''' into the container.
|| Drag and place the ''' Pressure gauge''' in the tank to touch the fluid.
|-
|| Point to '''Fluid Density''' and click on the '''plus''' sign on the box.
|| To expand the '''Fluid Density''' box, click on the green '''Plus''' sign. 
|-
|| Point to the slider.
|| Observe that the '''Fluid Density''' slider has three different fluids.
|-
|| Click and drag the '''Fluid Density''' slider to '''gasoline'''.
|| Drag the slider from '''gasoline''' to '''honey'''.

Observe the change in the '''Fluid Density''' as we drag.
|-
|| Point to white colour box in '''Fluid density'''.
|| In '''Fluid density''' box we can edit the values from 700 '''kg per meter cube''' to 1420 '''kg per meter cube'''.
|-
|| Click on red minus button of the '''Fluid Density'''.
|| Click on the red minus button to close the '''Fluid density''' box.
|-
|| Point to '''Gravity'''.
|| Click on the green plus button to expand the '''Gravity ''' box.
|-
|| Point to the slider.

Point to gravity value on earth.

|| Observe that here a slider is provided to change '''Gravity''' from low to high.

The slider is at Earth. 
|-
|| Click and drag the '''Gravity''' slider first towards low then back to high.
|| As we drag the '''Gravity''' slider observe that pressure changes.

Gravity's value can be changed from 1.0 ''' m/s<sup>2</sup>''' to 20 '''m/s<sup>2</sup>'''.
|-
|| Click on '''Reset All''' button.
|| Click on '''Reset All''' button. 
|-
|| Click, drag the faucet to fill the container.

Point to the slider.
|| Drag the faucet slider to fill the tank upto the brim. 

Note that once the tank is filled to the brim, faucet slider becomes inactive.
|-
|| Click on the '''Grid''' check box.
|| Select the '''Grid''' box to show the grid lines.
|-
|| Click and drag the '''Pressure gauge''' to the water tank at 0 '''meters'''.
|| Drag and place the '''Pressure gauge''' on the 0 '''meters''' line. 
|-

|| Move the cursor on '''pressure gauge'''.
|| Here, observe that atmospheric pressure is 101.325 '''kiloPascal'''.
|-
|| Click on '''Atmosphere off ''' radio button.
|| Click on '''Atmosphere Off''' radio button.
Value of pressure is 0.00 '''KiloPascal'''.
|-
|| Move the cursor on '''Atmosphere''' radio box.
|| Click the '''Atmosphere On''' radio button.

This indicates that, pressure is measured in the presence of an atmosphere.
|-
||Cursor on the interface. 
|| Next we will measure pressure in different fluids.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 8'''

'''Pressure at Different Depth'''
|| We will make a tabular column for '''Fluid Density''', '''Depth''', and '''Pressure'''.
|-
|| Drag the pressure metre towards 1 '''m'''.
|| To take the measurement drag the '''Pressure''' gauge to 1 '''meter'''.

Note the value in the table. 
|-
|| Drag pressure gauge to 2  '''m'''.

Drag pressure gauge 3  '''m'''.

|| Similarly drag '''pressure gauge''' to 2 ''' meters''' and 3 '''metres''' and note the values.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 9'''

'''Pressure at Different Depth'''

|| I have noted the values in the table.
|-
|| Click and drag the slider to '''gasoline'''.
|| Drag the slider towards '''gasoline'''.
|-
|| Move the cursor on '''pressure gauge'''.
|| Observe the change in pressure as we change the density.
|-
|| Click and drag the '''pressure gauge''' to 1 '''m''' for the gasoline.
|| Drag the '''Pressure gauge''' to 1 '''meter''' to measure the pressure in gasoline.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 10'''

'''Assignment'''

Note the change in the values of pressure for the given values of depth.

Explain your observation.
|| As an Assignment,

Note the change in the values of pressure for the given values of depth.

Explain your observation.
|-
|| Click on the '''Reset All'''.
|| Click on '''Reset All''' button.
|-
|| 
|| Now let's demonstrate the change in pressure as the tank's shape changes.
|-
|| Click on the third tank button to open it.
|| Click on the third tank button.

An underground basin opens.

The basin is divided into two compartments.
|-
|| Point to the weights.
|| Observe that there are three weights on the left of the basin instead of a faucet.
One 500 '''kg''' and two 250 '''kg''' weights.
|-
|| Under '''Units''', click on '''Atmospheres''' radio button.
|| Under '''Units''', click on '''Atmospheres''' radio button.
|-
|| Move the cursor on '''Pressure'''.
|| Observe the value on the pressure gauge.

It has changed from 101.300 '''kiloPascal''' to 0.9998 '''atmospheres'''.
|-
|| Click and drag the pressure gauge to the right of the water tank.
|| Place the pressure gauge in the right compartment of the basin touching water.

Observe the value on the pressure gauge.
|-
|| Click on the '''Grid'''check box.
|| Select the '''Grid''' check box.
|-
|| Click and drag the '''250 kg''' weight in the container.
|| Place 250 '''kg''' weight in the left compartment of the basin.

Observe the change in the water level in the right compartment. 
|-
|| Click and drag 500 ''kg''' and 250 '''kg''' weight to the tank.
|| Continue to add 500 '''kg''' and 250 '''kg''' weights to the left compartment.

As we add the weights, notice the increase in water level in the right compartment. 

This demonstrates the principle of hydraulic lift.
|-
|| Move the cursor on the '''Flow''' tab.
|| We will now explore '''Flow''' tab.
|-
|| Click on the '''Flow''' tab.
|| Select the '''Flow''' tab to open the screen.
|-
|| Move the cursor on water tube.
|| In this screen we have a water tube and end pipes.
|-
|| Point to the handles.

Click and drag the the upper and lower handle to change the height.
|| Each end pipe is provided with three handles.
Height of the pipe can be changed using the upper and lower handles.
|-
|| Click and drag the middle handle of the end pipes to move up and down.
|| We can click and drag the middle handle of the end pipe to move it up and down.
|-
|| Point to '''Flow Rate''' on the left side of the screen. 
|| We can control the flow rate by dragging the '''Flow Rate''' slider.
|-
|| Point and click the '''Flux meter''' check box.
|| Now select '''Flux meter''' check box.
|-
|| Point at the blue ring. 
Point at the yellow box.
|| A blue coloured ring along with a yellow box appears on the screen.

This box displays the value for '''Flow Rate''', '''Area''' and '''Flux'''.

Using the '''Flux meter''' we can calculate the total flux entering a given area.
|-
|| Drag the flux through the pipe.
|| Drag the '''Flux meter''' through the pipe.

Observe that blue ring changes its size to adjust the size of the water pipe.
|-
|| Point to the blue ring.

Point to the flux that is passing.
|| As we drag the ring, observe the value of flux that is passing through it.

The amount of flux passing through the ring depends on its area.
|-
|| Uncheck the '''Flux meter ''' check-box.
|| Uncheck the '''Flux meter ''' check-box.
|-
|| Check the '''Friction''' check-box.
|| Select '''Friction''' check-box.
|-
|| Point to the pipe.
|| Observe that the flow of dots slows down.
|-
|| Point to the '''Red''' '''Dots''' above the water pipe.
|| Using the '''Red Dots''' button we can insert black dots into the fluid.
|-
||Click on '''Reset All''' button.
||Click on '''Reset All''' button.
|-
|| Uncheck the '''Dots''' check-box.

Click the '''Red''' colour button.
|| Let us uncheck the '''Dots''' check-box and click the '''Red''' button.
|-
|| Drag and place '''Speed''' meter and '''Pressure''' '''gauge''' in water pipe.
|| Drag and place '''Speed''' meter in the water pipe.

Similarly drag the '''Pressure''' gauge and place inside the water pipe. 
|-
|| Drag the '''Pressure gauge''' and '''Speed''' meter in the water pipe from left to right.
|| Drag the '''Pressure gauge''' and '''Speed''' meter all along the water pipe.

Observe that values of speed and pressure remain uniform.

This is because the flow of water is Streamlined.
|-
|| Click and drag the handles of water pipe on both sides.

Point speed meter and pressure gauge.
Click and drag the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> handle of the water pipe from both the sides.
|| Click and drag the handles on both the sides of the water pipe to change its shape.

Observe the change in the speed and pressure in the turbulent flow.
|-
|| Click and drag the '''Flow Rate''' to right completely.
|| Let us increase the '''Flow Rate''' to maximum.
|-
|| Click and drag the '''Speed meter''' to the extreme left of the water pipe.
|| Drag the '''Speed''' meter towards extreme left.

And observe the speed to be 3.5 '''meter per second'''.
|-
|| Move the cursor on the blue colour vector.
|| Recall that speed is a '''scalar''' quantity.

Blue vector represents direction of velocity.
|-
|| Click and drag the '''pressure gauge''' to the same place.
|| Drag the pressure gauge and place it on the speed meter.

Observe that the pressure is 115.896 '''kiloPascal'''. 
|-
|| Drag speed meter >> keep it in 1<sup>st</sup> wide region.
|| Drag another '''Speed''' meter from the tools and keep it in first wider region.
|-
|| Move the cursor on the '''Speed''' meter.
|| Notice the change in speed and velocity in the wider region.

The speed has decreased to 1.4 '''meter per second''' and the velocity vector has also decreased.
|-
|| Drag and place '''Pressure gauge''' from the tool box in the first wider region.

Point to the pressure value.
|| Drag and place '''Pressure''' gauge from the tool box in the first wider region.


Observe that pressure has increased to 121.528 '''kiloPascal'''.
|-
|| Cursor on the '''Flow''' screen
|| Here we can say that as pressure increases, speed decreases.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 11'''

'''Assignment'''
|| As an assignment,

Observe the change in speed and pressure when, 
fluid density is changed to gasoline and honey.
|-
|| Click on the '''Water Tower''' tab.
|| Click on '''Water Tower''' tab to open it.
|-
|| Cursor on the Water Tower screen.
|| In this screen we will calculate pressure at the bottom of the tank.
|-
|| Point to the faucet and the water tower.
|| In this screen we can see a faucet and a water tower.
|-
||Point to '''Manual''' and '''Match Leakage'''.
||On the faucet there are two radio buttons.

'''Manual''' to start the flow of water and 

'''Match Leakage''' to stop the flow.
|-
|| Point to the check boxes at the right side of the screen.

Click on the check box of Measuring tape.
|| On the right side of the screen select the '''Measuring Tape''' check-box.
|-
|| Adjust the tape using mouse.
|| Adjust the measuring tape to measure the height of the Tank.

Note the value of the height.
|-
||Click on the''' Fill''' button.
||Click on the '''Fill''' button to fill the tank completely.
|-
|| Click and drag the pressure gauge above the tank.
|| Place the '''Pressure gauge''' on the inlet of the tank to measure the pressure.

Note the value of pressure at the surface.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 12'''

'''Numerical'''
A tank of cubical shape is filled with water to a height of 10.42 m. 

Find the pressure exerted by water at the bottom of the tank. 

The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa. 

Density of water is 1000 kg/m^3. Take g=9.81m/sec^2.
|| Let us solve the given numerical. 

A tank of cubical shape is filled with water to a height of 10.42 '''m'''.

Find the pressure exerted at the bottom of the tank. 

The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 '''kPa'''. 

Density of water is 1000 '''kg/m<sup>3</sup>'''. Take g= 9.81 '''m/sec<sup>2</sup>'''.
|-
|| Click and drag the pressure gauge to the bottom of the tank.
|| Click and drag the '''Pressure gauge''' to the bottom of the tank.
|-
|| Point to the pressure gauge
|| Observe that the pressure at the bottom of the tank is 198.1 '''kiloPascal'''.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 13'''

'''Calculation of Pressure Exerted'''

P=P<sub>0</sub>+hρg 

P<sub>0</sub> is pressure at the surface.

'h' is the height of the tank

'ρ' is the density of the liquid

P=102300+1000*10.42*9.81
=204520 Pascal/1000 
=204.5 kPa

|| Calculate pressure at the bottom of the tank using the formula.

'''P=P<sub>0</sub>+hρg'''

Substitute the values from the numerical into the formula.

Notice that the value of pressure is converted to newton.

The required pressure at the bottom of the tank is 204.5 '''kPa'''.
|-
|| 
|| Now we will compare the calculated value with the observed pressure.
|-
|| Point to the '''Pressure gauge'''.
|| Notice that pressure in the simulation is comparable to the calculated value.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 14'''
'''Assignment'''

A Tank of cubical shape is filled with honey to a height of 10.42 m.

Find the pressure exerted by the honey at the bottom of the tank.

The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa. Density of honey is 1420 kg/m^3. Take g=9.81m/sec^2.
|| Solve the given numericals.
|-
||'''Slide Number 15'''
'''Assignment''' 

A Tank of cubical shape is filled with gasoline to a height of 10.42 m.

Find the pressure exerted by the gasoline at the bottom of the tank.

The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa. Density of gasoline is 700 kg/m^3. Take g=9.81m/sec^2.
||
|-
|| Click on '''Reset All''' button.
|| Click on '''Reset All''' button.
|-
|| Click on the '''Hose''' check box.
|| Now we will see the flow of water by changing the position of the '''Hose'''.
|-
|| Click on the '''Fill''' button.
|| Click on '''Fill''' button to fill the tank.
|-
|| Click and drag the '''Hose''' and align it with the orange slider.
|| First Align the '''Hose''' with the orange slider.
|-
|| Click and drag the orange slider.
|| Open the orange slider.
|-
|| Drag the Hose Up and then down.
Point to the trajectory.
|| Drag the '''Hose''' up and then down.

Observe the trajectory of flow of the fluid.

Here as the depth decreases trajectory of the fluid changes.
|-
|| 
|| Let us summarize
|-
||'''Slide Number 16'''

'''Summary'''
|| In this tutorial, we have demonstrated, 
'''Fluid Pressure and Flow '''PhET '''simulation'''.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 17'''
'''Summary''' 
|| Using this '''simulation''' we have Demonstrated,

How pressure changes in presence and absence of atmosphere.

Pressure in different fluid densities.

Bernoulli’s Principle.
|-
||'''Slide Number 18'''

'''Summary '''
||Calculated the pressure at the bottom of the tank.

Observed the trajectory of the fluid.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 19'''

'''About Spoken Tutorial project'''.
||The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.
|-
||'''Slide Number 20'''

'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''.
||The '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' team,

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.
|-
||'''Slide Number 21'''

'''Forum for specific questions:'''

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site

Choose the minute and second where you have the question. 

Explain your question briefly.

Someone from our team will answer them.
|| Please post your timed queries on this forum.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 22'''

'''Acknowledgements'''.
|| This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 23'''

'''Acknowledgement'''
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.
|-
|| 
|| This is Himanshi Karwanje from IIT Bombay 
Thank you for joining.
|-
|}