Linux-for-Sys-Ads/C2/Creating-user-account/English-timed

Time	Narration
00:01	Hello and welcome to the spoken tutorial on Creating User Account in Linux.
00:08	In this tutorial we will learn about
00:10	Creating user account with different options slash etc slash passwd file, slash etc slash shadow file
00:22	To record this tutorial, I am using Ubuntu Linux 16.04 OS
00:29	To practice this tutorial, You should have gone through the Linux tutorial series on this website.
00:36	And you must have root access to the computer.
00:41	In an earlier tutorial on basics of system administration, we have learnt To add a user using the following command:
00:49	Please note that the option field here, is not mandatory.
00:54	We will elaborate on the option field in this tutorial.
00:59	Open the Terminal by pressing Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously on the keyboard.
01:06	First, you should login as superuser or root user.
01:11	To do so type: sudo space su and press Enter.
01:18	Type your password and then press Enter.
01:22	Notice, our login prompt has changed to a hash symbol.
01:27	This indicates that we are in the root user mode.
01:31	Now, let’s consider a scenario of a college.
01:35	We will have students, departments, etc.
01:39	As a system administrator, you should first create a user account for individual students.
01:46	Let’s add one user say amit using adduser command.
01:51	So, on the terminal type: adduser space amit and press Enter
02:00	It will prompt us to type the password for the user amit.
02:04	Let’s type pass underscore amit and press Enter.
02:10	Retype the same password and press Enter.
02:14	When it prompts for the Full Name field, type the name of the user as Amit with A in caps. Press Enter.
02:23	Leave the other fields empty by pressing the Enter key.
02:28	Press Y to confirm that the information you provided is correct. Press Enter
02:36	So, we got back our root command prompt. The user amit is created now.
02:42	Linux automatically assigns a UID or User ID to the user.
02:49	It also creates a home directory for the user in the system’s home folder. In this case, it is slash home slash amit
03:00	A group is also created with the same name as the username of the user.
03:05	Now, say we want a customized user ID or group
03:11	Or a home directory other than the default one
03:15	Or we want to change the default login shell
03:20	adduser supports options for each of these requirements.
03:25	Also you can combine multiple options to set multiple values in a single command.
03:32	Hyphen u option is used to set user ID
03:37	Hyphen home sets user home directory
03:41	Hyphen shell sets the login shell for the user
03:46	Hyphen c option is used to mention comments
03:51	Let us take an example.
03:53	Say we want to add a user Kaushik with user ID as 1050
04:00	home directory as testdir
04:04	login shell as slash bin slash sh
04:08	Also add “Kaushik is a re-registered student” in the comments.
04:14	Switch to the terminal. Let me clear the terminal.
04:18	Type the command as shown here
04:23	Press Enter.
04:26	It will ask you to enter the password for Kaushik.
04:30	I will type the password as pass underscore kaushik press Enter.
04:37	Retype the same password and press Enter.
04:42	Give the Full Name of the user as Kaushik with K in caps press Enter.
04:51	And proceed as we have done before.
04:57	So, the user kaushik is created now.
05:01	Now type ls space /home and press Enter.
05:07	Notice, we have a new directory testdir.
05:12	How can we view other information such as user ID, login shell etc.?
05:19	In Linux, all configuration files are stored in simple text files.
05:25	/etc/passwd file contains the entire information about all the user accounts.
05:33	Let us have a look at the /etc/passwd file.
05:37	Switch to the terminal
05:40	Type cat space /etc/passwd and press Enter.
05:48	There will be an entry in this file for every user on the system.
05:53	Our passwd file shows this line for user Amit.
05:58	Each line has seven fields separated by colon.
06:02	Let us understand the fields one by one.
06:06	The first field is the username amit.
06:10	Remember, username should start with a lowercase letter, followed by any number of lowercase letters or digits
06:19	No special character other than underscore is allowed in the username
06:25	You should remember this while you are creating a user account
06:29	The second field is for password.
06:32	An x character indicates that the encrypted hash password is stored in the file /etc/shadow.
06:41	The third field is user ID for that particular user.
06:46	User id 0 is reserved for root user.
06:50	User ids upto 999 are reserved for other administrative or system users.
06:58	Real user account id starts from 1000.
07:02	So, you should specify a number more than 1000 in the adduser command.
07:08	The fourth field stores the primary group id for the user.
07:13	At the fifth place, we have the comments field.
07:17	It basically stores information about the user such as name of the user, room number, phone number, etc.
07:26	The sixth field indicates the home directory for the user.
07:31	At the end, we have the login shell of the user.
07:36	Notice that, we have default values set for user Amit.
07:42	However, user kaushik is created with our customized values.
07:48	Now, let’s have a look at the /etc/shadow file, where the encrypted passwords are stored.
07:57	Type cat space /etc/shadow and press Enter.
08:05	In this file, every line has information about a particular user.
08:10	And each line contains various fields separated by colon.
08:16	The first field is username, which must correspond to username field in /etc/passwd file.
08:25	Notice, the second field is the encrypted password for that user. Let us skip the other fields for now.
08:33	To exit from the root user access, type exit and press Enter.
08:39	This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.
08:44	In this tutorial we learnt about- Creating user account with different options like Specific user id, Specific Home Directory, Specific shell
08:56	And adding comments
08:59	We also learnt about some of the fields in the */etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files.
09:10	As an assignment Create user ankit with User ID as 1500
09:17	Home directory named ankit underscore newdir
09:22	Login shell as /bin/csh
09:27	Include “Hostel 15” in the comment
09:30	Use a single command to perform all the tasks
09:34	Check the /etc/passwd file for the details of user account ankit
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10:32	Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
10:38	The script has been contributed by Antara and this is Praveen from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining.

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