Health-and-Nutrition/C2/Type-1-and-Type-2-nutrients/English

Visual Cue	Narration
Slide Number 1 Title Slide	Welcome to the spoken tutorial on type 1 and type 2 nutrients.
Image: Type 1 nutrients vs type 2 nutrients.	This tutorial is about the difference between type 1 and type 2 nutrients.
Image: Food.	Let us begin.
Image: Food gives us energy to do various activities. Image: Nutrients from food are required for the growth and maintenance of our body. Image: Essential nutrients present in food that our body cannot make. Image: 40 essential nutrients.	Food gives us energy and nutrients. Nutrients are necessary for the growth and maintenance of our body. Some of these nutrients cannot be produced by our body. Such nutrients are called essential nutrients. There are 40 essential nutrients that we must obtain from food.
Image: Nutrient-poor foods cannot provide adequate amounts of essential nutrients.	We cannot get adequate amounts of these nutrients from nutrient-poor foods.
Image: Large amount of nutrient-poor foods satisfies the feeling of hunger. Image: Overweight child shows symptoms of essential nutrient deficiency. Image: Hidden hunger.	Such foods, even in large amounts, can satisfy only the feeling of hunger. However, we can be deficient in one or more of the essential nutrients. This is known as hidden hunger.
Image: 40 essential nutrients. Image: Type 1 nutrients. Image: Type 2 nutrients or growth nutrients.	Essential nutrients are divided into 2 types: 1. Type 1 nutrients or functional nutrients. 2. Type 2 nutrients or growth nutrients.
Image: Essential minerals.	Iron, calcium, iodine and copper are type 1 nutrients. Manganese, fluorine and selenium also belong to the same group.
Image: Vitamins.	Vitamin B, C, A, D, E and K are type 1 nutrients as well.
Image: Type 2 nutrients. Image: Essential amino acids or protein. Image: Essential fatty acids. Image: Major minerals. Image: Other minerals.	Sulphur, chlorine and protein or essential amino acids are type 2 nutrients. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and zinc also belong to the same group. Essential fatty acids like omega 3 are type 2 nutrients as well.
Image: Type 1 nutrients vs type 2 nutrients.	Let’s understand the difference between type 1 and type 2 nutrients.
Image: Type 1 nutrients required for specific functions in tissues.	Type 1 nutrients are required for specific functions in the tissues. Therefore, they are concentrated in a particular tissue or group of tissues.
Image: Calcium is required for strong bones. Image: Vitamin A is required for healthy eyes.	Let’s take calcium and vitamin A as examples. Calcium is required for strong bones. Vitamin A is required for healthy eyes.
Image: Type 2 nutrients are required for the overall growth of the body. Image: Type 2 nutrients form the structure of cells in the body. Image: Type 2 nutrients are present in all body tissues.	By contrast, type 2 nutrients are required for the overall growth of the body. They form part of the structure and function of each and every cell in the body. Therefore, they are present in all body tissues.
Image: Type 1 nutrient deficiency vs type 2 nutrient deficiency.	Let’s discuss the response of our body to type 1 and 2 nutrient deficiencies.
Image: Type 1 nutrient deficiencies. Image: Body of a child is growing normally.	During a type 1 nutrient deficiency, the body continues to grow normally.
Image: Body uses the calcium from bone tissues in a calcium deficiency.	Body takes this nutrient from the specific tissues in which it is stored. Let’s take calcium as an example. In calcium deficiency, the body uses the calcium stored in the bones.
Image: Decreased calcium concentration in the bone tissues.	As a result, the concentration of that nutrient in the tissues decreases.
Image: Thin and brittle bones.	Then, the organs dependant on that nutrient are affected.
Image: Sick child with weak bones. Image: Type 1 nutrient deficiency signs. Image: Bone-thinning and increased risk of fractures caused by a calcium deficiency. Image: Anemia caused by iron deficiency. Image: Night blindness caused by vitamin A deficiency. Image: Hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency.	Therefore, the person becomes ill. The sick person then shows a specific sign of deficiency. Let’s understand this with the help of 4 examples: 1. Bone-thinning and increased risk of fractures are signs of calcium deficiency. 2. Anaemia is a sign of iron deficiency. 3. Night blindness is a sign of vitamin A deficiency. 4. And Hypothyroidism is a sign of iodine deficiency.
Image: Type 2 nutrient deficiency. Image: Growth failure.	On the other hand, there is only 1 sign of type 2 nutrient deficiencies. That sign is called growth failure.
GIF: The rate of new cell formation is reduced. GIF: The rate of replacement of old cells is reduced. Image: Low body weight child. Image: Short heighted child. Image: Decreased muscle mass in a child.	Growth failure means the body reduces the rate of 2 major processes: 1. Formation of new cells 2. Replacement of old cells. The body stops growing and making new tissues. This leads to low body weight, short height and decreased muscle mass.
Image: All the cells in the body are affected. Image: Immune system cells are affected. Image: Risk of infections is increased. Image: Increased risk of death.	All the cells of the body, including the immune system, are affected. This increases the risk of infections. Eventually, it can cause death.
Image: Type 2 nutrients are not stored in the body. Image: Type 2 nutrient deficiency. Image: Body breaks down its tissues and muscles. Image: Body uses nutrients from tissues and muscles for the rest of the body.	Type 2 nutrients are not stored in the body. In a deficiency, the body may start to break down its tissues or muscles. This releases the type 2 nutrient in which the body is deficient. This nutrient will then be used for other tissues of the body.
Image: Breakdown of tissues and muscles is critical. Image: Functions of the cells are affected. Image: Reduced appetite	When tissue breakdown becomes severe, the functions of the cells are affected. Also, there is a reduction in the appetite.
Image: Body is breaking down its own tissue to release one type 2 nutrient. Image: All other type 2 nutrients are released and excreted from the body.	The tissue breakdown provides the nutrient in which the body is deficient. However, it also releases all the other type 2 nutrients from the tissues. These nutrients are then excreted from the body. So, all type 2 nutrients must be provided in a type 2 nutrient deficiency.
Image: Type 1 nutrient deficiency Image: Only one nutrient is given to correct a type 1 nutrient deficiency.	Correcting a type 1 nutrient deficiency does not require all type 1 nutrients. It can be treated by giving only the nutrient in which the body is deficient.
Image: Type 1 and type 2 nutrients in breastmilk. Image: Healthy mother and undernourished mother have the same amount of type 2 nutrients in their breastmilk. Image: Baby of both undernourished and healthy mothers grow equally with adequate breastfeeding.	Next, let’s discuss the availability of type 1 and 2 nutrients from breastmilk. Breastmilk contains stable stores of type 2 nutrients. They do not change even if the mother is undernourished. The baby of an undernourished mother can grow well with adequate breastfeeding.
Image: Quantity of type 1 nutrients varies in the breastmilk as per mother’s self-nourishment.	By contrast, the quantity of type 1 nutrients in breastmilk is not stable. It varies as per mother’s self-nourishment.
Image: Vitamin D deficient mother’s breastmilk is deficient in vitamin D.	Let’s take vitamin D as an example. Breastmilk of a mother deficient in vitamin D has less amount of vitamin D.
Image: Diagnosis of type 1 vs type 2 nutrient deficiencies.	Next, let’s discuss the diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 nutrient deficiencies.
Image: Diagnosing type 1 vs type 2 nutrient deficiency. Image: Type 1 nutrient deficiency symptoms. Image: Blood test.	A type 1 nutrient deficiency is commonly diagnosed in 2 ways. First, the unique symptoms of the deficiency are recognised. Then, the level of the nutrient in the body is measured by a blood test.
Image: Iron. Image: Pale skin. Image: Fatigue. Image: Blood test. Image: Haemoglobin.	Let’s take iron and iodine as examples. In iron deficiency, symptoms such as pale skin and fatigue are recognised. The level of haemoglobin in the body is measured by a blood test.
Image: Iodine. Image: Swelling of the neck. Image: Weight gain. Image: Hair loss. Image: Blood test. Image: Iodine. Image: Thyroid hormones.	Iodine deficiency is also diagnosed by its unique symptoms and tests. Symptoms such as swelling of the neck, weight gain and hair loss are recognised. The level of iodine and thyroid hormones in the body is measured by blood tests.
Image: Type 1 nutrient deficiencies. Image: Type 2 nutrient deficiencies. Image: Type 1 deficiency treatments - pills, injections, food.	Type 1 nutrient deficiencies are well recognised and treated.
Image: Type 1 nutrient deficiency symptoms. Image: Dietitian advising the malnourished patient. Image: A diet rich in the type 1 nutrient in which the body is deficient. Image: Iron supplements. Image: Folic acid supplements. Image: Vitamin C supplements. Image: Iodine fortified salt.	There are various ways to correct a type 1 nutrient deficiency. One can take the recommended amount of these nutrients in the diet. Supplements are also recommended for these nutrients. Iron, vitamin C and folic acid supplements are commonly prescribed. Food is fortified with type 1 nutrients in areas where deficiency is common. A well-known example is salt that is fortified with iodine. A qualified nutrition expert can provide guidance on these methods.
Image: Type 2 nutrient deficiency symptoms. Image: Weight measurement. Image: Height measurement. Image: Mid upper arm circumference measurement.	Diagnosis and treatment of a type 2 nutrient deficiency is difficult. There is only 1 way to diagnose any type 2 nutrient deficiency. It is to measure and track the weight, height and mid upper arm circumference.
Image: Type 2 nutrients. Image: Growth failure. Image: Specific type 2 nutrient deficiency cannot be determined.	However, this will only help in detecting growth failure. Growth failure is caused by every type 2 nutrient deficiency. It is difficult to determine which specific nutrient the body is deficient in.
Image: Food rich in all type 2 nutrients. Image: Increasing quantity of previously given food doesn’t work. Image: Changing the quality of food helps a child grows normally.	So, correcting a type 2 nutrient deficiency requires all type 2 nutrients. Food rich in all type 2 nutrients must be given in such a deficiency. Increasing only the quantity of previously given food will not work. Previously given food failed to provide type 2 nutrients to the body. The quality of food must be changed for normal growth of the body. Please consult a qualified nutrition expert for further guidance.
Image: Type 1 nutrient food sources. Image: Type 2 nutrient food sources.	Food sources of type 1 and type 2 nutrients are discussed in other tutorials. Please visit our website for more details.
Slide Number 2 Acknowledgement	This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Bellatony911, Tasneemiitb