Health-and-Nutrition/C2/Kangaroo-Mother-Care/English

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Visual Cue
Narration
Title Slide Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Kangaroo mother care.
Image: Mother is holding the baby in the KMC position.

Image: Skin-to-skin contact with the mother.

Image: A mother is breastfeeding a baby.

Image: A grouped image of advantages of KMC.

Image: A grouped image of steps involved in KMC.

In this tutorial, we will learn -
  • What is Kangaroo mother care?
  • The components, importance and
  • Procedure of Kangaroo mother care
Image: Skin-to-skin contact with the mother.

Image: Kangaroo

Image: Kangaroo mother care

Let us begin with the introduction of Kangaroo mother care?
  • As the name suggests-
    • it involves, keeping the baby in skin to skin contact with the mother.
    • and it is popularly known as KMC.
Image: Delivery of a baby

Image: A baby kept on the weighing scale with a downward arrow.

Image: A healthy full-term baby.

Remember,

KMC should be given as soon as the baby is born.

  • It is especially recommended for low birth weight babies-
    • whose birth weight is less than 2.5 kilograms and
    • who do not require continuous monitoring
  • However, it can be used for all normal, healthy full-term babies too.  
Image: Skin-to-skin contact.

Image: A mother is breastfeeding baby.

GIF: Clock animation.

KMC consists of two main components:
  • Continuous and prolonged skin to skin contact between the mother and her baby and
  • Exclusive breastfeeding
Image: A baby is placed on a mother’s upper abdomen in KMC position.

Image: Let down reflex

Image: A mother is breastfeeding the baby with an upward arrow.

Image: Bonding between mother and baby

Let’s discuss these components in detail.
  • The first component is skin to skin contact.
    • it improves the letdown reflex and
    • ultimately increases the breast milk production.
    • Let down reflex has been explained in another tutorial of the same series.
Image: A health worker is monitoring the mother while breastfeeding.

GIF: Calendar animation.

The second component is exclusive breastfeeding.

Note that-

  • Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months.
Image: Skin-to-skin contact between the mother and the baby.

Image: Thermometer and new-born baby.


Next, let’s discuss the importance of Kangaroo care
  • Prolonged skin to skin contact during KMC helps maintain the baby's body temperature and
  • The baby feels more secure.
  • KMC also decreases
    • the frequency of infection and
    • the rate of apnea in babies.

Apnea is defined as long pauses in breathing.

GIF: Animation of a clock to show the duration

Image: A mother is breastfeeding the baby.

Apart from these-

  • KMC improves the frequency and duration of breastfeeding and
  • It strengthens the emotional bonding between the mother and her baby.
Image: A mother carrying the baby in KMC position

Image: A baby kept in the incubator

Image: A stressed mother and a baby

Image: KMC baby and stable baby

KMC also helps the baby-

to gain weight than any other conventional methods such as-

  • keeping the baby in radiant warmer.
  • which create stress for the baby and the mother as well.
Image: A mother is looking(smiling) at the baby while carrying her in KMC position.
  • It also improves-
    • the satisfaction and confidence in the mother
    • as, she takes extra effort for her baby.
Image: The father carrying a baby in the KMC position.

Image: Other adult family member carrying a baby in the KMC position.

Interestingly, apart from mothers, KMC can be provided by-
  • Father or
  • Any adult family member too.
Image: Handwashing

Image: Daily bath

Image: Clipped fingernails

Image: Tied up hair

Image: Clean clothes

We will now discuss the points to be followed by KMC provider:

  • The KMC provider should be healthy and free from illness.
  • He or she should follow basic hygiene practices such as-
    • hand washing,
    • daily bath,
    • clipped fingernails,
    • tied up hair and
    • clean clothes.
Image: Jewellery, watches, threads, etc.
  • He or she should not wear any jewellery, watches and threads.
    • as these may become the barriers to maintain the hygiene and
    • It can cause injury to the baby.
Image: Front open dress, sari-blouse Now, let us discuss the type of clothes the provider should wear during KMC-
  • Clothes should be front open and lightweight.
  • for example -
    • sari-blouse or front open gown
Image: Front open gown or blouse around the KMC wrap Note that,

The KMC provider should wear this front open gown or blouse around the KMC wrap.

Image: KMC binders.

GIF: Clock animation.

Image: Soft cotton fabric.

Kangaroo bags or binders can be bought from the market as well.
  • These are useful if KMC has to be done for an extended period.
  • Alternately, KMC provider can use soft clean cotton fabric.
Image: A mother is carrying the baby in KMC position where a baby has worn a cap and a nappy.

Image: A baby passing urine during KMC.

Image: A mother cleaning the baby’s bottom.

  • Whereas, the baby during KMC should-
    • wear a cap and a nappy.
  • If the baby passes stool or urine during KMC then-
    • she should be cleaned and dried thoroughly.
Image: A baby in KMC position.

Image: A mother is standing in an upright position.

Next, we will move onto the procedure of Kangaroo care in detail.
  • Firstly, the mother should stand in an upright position.
Image: A health worker is placing the baby on mother’s breast.

Image: A health worker is turning the baby’s head towards one side.

Then, either a health worker or any family member should do -

The following things, step-wise-

  • By supporting the baby’s bottom and head-
    • place the baby between the mother’s bare breasts in an upright position.
    • then, turn the baby’s head to one side.
Image: A baby is placed on the mother’s chest for KMC. Make sure,
  • the baby’s head is slightly bending backward.
  • this position will keep the baby’s nose airways open and
  • will allow the baby to make eye to eye contact with the mother.
Image: A baby is placed on the mother’s chest for KMC.

Image: A baby is placed on the mother’s chest for KMC.

  • Then bend the baby’s hips slightly outward.
  • Remember -
    • to keep baby’s arms above the mother’s breast and
    • legs below the mother’s breast and
    • the baby’s abdomen on the chest of the mother.
Image: Warm icon

Image: A health worker is placing a blanket on the baby. (KMC position)

Before wrapping with the cloth-
  • Cover the baby with a blanket if environment is cold.
  • It will keep the baby and the mother warm.
Image: A health worker is wrapping a cloth around the baby and torso of the mother. Then,
  • Wrap a cloth around the baby and mother’s chest and abdomen.
Image: A health worker is wrapping a cloth around the baby and the mother’s torso for KMC.

Image: A health worker is wrapping a cloth around the baby and the mother’s torso for KMC.

While wrapping make sure-
  • The centre of the cloth is on a baby and
  • Both ends of the cloth should pass through the armpits of the mother.
  • And should cross at the back.
  • After that bring the edges of the cloth in the front.
  • Secure these edges of the cloth with a safe knot under the baby’s bottom.
  • This is comfortable and helps support the baby.
  • Also it avoids slipping of the baby.
Image: A mother is wrapping a cloth around herself and the baby for KMC.

Image: A Mother is looking at the baby.

Remember-
  • As the mother becomes comfortable, she should learn to wrap the cloth by herself.
  • The technique of self-wrapping during KMC will be explained in another tutorial of the same series.
  • It will-
    • increase the mother’s confidence and
    • make her independent.
Image: Stretchy band
  • If mother is uncomfortable while using a cloth then she can use a stretchy band.
  • It is easy and comfortable to use.
Image: A health worker is adjusting the edge of the wrap.

Image: A health worker is adjusting the baby’s head.

Image: The baby is looking at the mother.

  • While using a stretchy band-
    • adjust the edge of the band above the baby’s ear to support his head.
  • Then, tilt the baby’s head slightly-
    • to allow the baby to breathe freely and
    • To make eye to eye contact with the mother as explained earlier.
Image: Too tight wrapped cloth and too loose wrapped cloth with a red cross mark.

Image: Comfortably wrapped cloth with a green check mark.

  • The wrapped cloth or stretchy band should not be too tight or too loose.
  • It should be comfortable enough for the baby to breathe freely.
Image: A KMC provider is standing.

Image: A KMC provider is walking.

Image: A KMC provider is sitting.

Image: A KMC provider is doing household chores.

  • Remember, while carrying a baby in KMC position, mother should be able to-
    • walk
    • stand
    • sit or
    • Involve in different activities.
Image: A KMC provider is sleeping in a reclined position.

Image: A KMC provider is sleeping in a semi-reclined position.

  • If a mother is very comfortable then-

she can even sleep during kangaroo care in a reclined or a semi-reclined position.

Image: A mother is loosening the wrap for breastfeeding.

Image: A mother is breastfeeding the baby

Now let’s discuss how to feed the baby during KMC-
  • Either mother can feed the baby-
    • by simply loosening the wrapped cloth and
    • positioning the baby for breastfeeding.
Image: A mother is manually expressing the breastmilk.

Image: A mother is feeding the baby using a cup and spoon.

Or
  • she can manually express the breast milk and
    • feed the baby using a cup or spoon.
Image: A baby is kept on a digital weighing scale. Remember,
  • Each day baby should gain up to 25-30 grams of weight.
  • Expected weight gain of a baby in a month is up to 900 to 1,000 grams.
  • Hence, mother or health worker should monitor the weight of the baby during routine check-ups.
Image: A health worker is monitoring the breastfeeding technique of the mother.

Image: A mother is changing the nappy of the baby.

Image: A health worker is guiding the mother.

Image: Correct latching.

  • If the baby fails to gain sufficient weight-
    • health worker should monitor the breastfeeding technique of the mother or
    • check how many times the baby urinates
    • also, guide the mother about the correct latching.
    • Correct latching has been explained in an another tutorial in the same series.
Image: A mother is untieing the knot.

Image: A mother is supporting the baby's bottom with one hand from outside of the wrapped cloth.

Image: A mother is loosening the wrapped cloth.

Next,

Let’s learn how to remove the baby from the wrapped cloth.

  • Firstly, the mother should sit in the upright position.
  • Then, start untying the knot with one hand and
  • support the baby’s bottom with other hand on the outside of wrapped cloth.

After that-

  • Loosen the wrapped cloth with the same hand which was earlier used for untying the knot.
Image: A mother is shifting her hand inside the wrapped cloth. Then-
  • Shift the hand under the cloth which was supporting the baby’s bottom and
  • Use the other hand to support the baby’s bottom from outside the cloth.
Image: A mother is removing the baby from the wrapped cloth.
  • Now, lift the baby up and free her from the wrapped cloth.

After that,

  • Remember to hold the baby’s head in a way-
    • where the thumb is behind one ear and
    • other fingers are around the other ear.
Image: Inactive baby during KMC

GIF: Too long pauses during breathing

GIF: Too fast breathing.

Image: Baby’s lips and tongue

Image: Baby’s feet.

Image: A mother is talking to a doctor or health worker.

During KMC-

the mother should immediately consult the doctor and the health worker -

  • If the baby is not alert and active.
  • If the baby is breathing too fast or taking too long pauses.
  • If the baby’s lips or tongue turns blue and
  • If baby’s feet are cold


This brings us to the end of this tutorial on Kangaroo mother care.

Acknowledgement slide Thanks for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Bellatony911, Rajani st