Health-and-Nutrition/C2/Basics-of-newborn-care/English-timed

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Time
Narration
00:00 Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Basics of newborn care.
00:05 In this tutorial, we will learn- How to handle a newborn,
00:10 Umbilical cord care,

Feeding and burping a newborn,

00:15 Diapering and diaper rash and
00:20 Sleeping pattern of a newborn.
00:23 The entire family gets excited upon the birth of a newborn and everyone wants to see the baby and hold the baby.
00:34 Therefore it is necessary to set some key rules while handling a newborn baby.
00:40 Newborns don’t have a strong immune system. This makes them prone to infections.
00:47 To protect the baby from infections it is important to have clean hands before touching or holding the baby.
00:57 To clean the hands, wash with soap and water and dry well using a clean dry cloth before holding the newborn.
01:06 Now comes the first thing to learn which is how to hold a baby.
01:11 Hold the baby by supporting her head and neck with one hand and bottom with the other hand.
01:19 To lay a baby down, always support the baby’s head and neck and hold her bottom as well.
01:26 On the other hand, to wake a sleeping baby up, do the following -
01:31 Tickle the baby's feet or lift and support the baby in a sitting position or gently touch the baby’s ear.
01:42 Always remember that a newborn baby is sensitive.
01:47 Some precautions to be taken while handling a newborn are -

The newborn is not ready for rough play.

01:55 Therefore, do not jiggle the baby on the knee or throw her in the air.
02:00 Never shake the newborn, whether in play or in frustration.
02:05 Avoid sudden jerky movements of the baby’s neck.

All these may cause internal injuries to the baby.

02:14 We will now learn about Umbilical cord care at home.
02:18 When the baby is in the mother’s womb, the umbilical cord is the baby's lifeline.

However, it is no longer needed once the baby is born.

02:29 Within a few minutes after birth as soon as the cord stops pulsating, it is clamped.
02:37 By the time the baby goes home from the hospital the cord begins to dry and shrivel.
02:44 The cord falls off by itself in about one to two weeks.
02:50 Please note that the umbilical cord may be a place for infection to enter the baby's body.
02:57 Hence, it is essential to take care of it properly.
03:02 For that, please remember baby’s cord should be kept dry and exposed to air.
03:09 Only sponge baths should be given until the cord falls off.
03:14 The cord should be kept on the outside of the baby's nappy or can also be folded down to the top edge of the nappy.
03:24 Please consult the baby’s doctor if there is - Bleeding from the end of the cord or the area near the skin,
03:32 Pus,

Swelling or redness around the navel,

03:36 Signs that the navel area is painful to the baby
03:41 and if the cord has not fallen off by one month of age.
03:46 Sometimes it might also happen that there may be a small amount of blood when the stump is about to fall off

and also after the cord falls off. But this should be stopped quickly.

04:01 Remember, never pull the cord off.
04:04 Also, do not apply any cream or powder or
04:08 tie any bandage on the baby’s umbilicus after the cord has fallen.
04:13 For the nutritional aspects of the newborn care we will discuss how to feed the baby.
04:20 The newborn should be breastfed within 1 hour after delivery.
04:25 Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months.
04:30 Additionally, the mother should provide adequate skin to skin contact to the baby and observe the hunger cues of the baby.
04:40 All these points have been discussed in other tutorials of the same series.
04:46 In some cases, newborns may need to be awakened frequently so that they are fed enough,

especially the smaller, premature babies.

04:57 Incase a baby, healthy or premature, does not seem to be interested in sucking then

the mother should consult the doctor or health worker.

05:09 While breastfeeding, babies often swallow air which can make them fussy.
05:15 To prevent this, make the baby sit and burp after every feed.
05:20 It has been explained in another tutorial of the same series.
05:25 Next is diapering. After each bowel movement or if the cloth nappy is wet- lay the baby on her back and remove the dirty nappy.
05:37 Use water and soft washcloth to gently clean and wipe the baby's genital area.
05:44 Do not apply soap on baby’s genital area.

Whenever wiping a girl, wipe her from front to back to avoid a urinary tract infection.

05:55 The mother or caregiver should always thoroughly wash hands before and after changing the nappy.
06:02 Sometimes it could happen that a baby may suffer from diaper rash.
06:08 Diaper rash is a common concern.

Typically the rash is red and bumpy and will go away in a few days with warm baths,

06:18 some diaper cream and at times without any diaper or nappy on the genital area.
06:25 Most rashes happen because the baby's skin is sensitive and becomes irritated by the wet nappy.
06:33 To prevent or treat diaper rash, change the baby's nappy often especially after bowel movements.
06:41 Gently clean the area with a soft cloth and water.

Avoid using wipes as sometimes this can be irritating.

06:50 Apply a very thick layer of diaper rash or "barrier" cream.
06:55 Creams with zinc oxide are preferred as they form a barrier against moisture.
07:02 Wash the baby’s nappy using dye and fragrance-free detergents.
07:08 Let the baby stay without a diaper or a nappy for part of the day.

This gives the skin a chance to air out.

07:17 Incase, the diaper rash continues for more than 3 days or seems to be getting worse, please consult the doctor.
07:27 It may be caused by a fungal infection that requires a prescription.
07:33 In the end, let’s discuss about baby’s sleeping pattern.
07:38 Babies sleep for around 14 to 16 hours or more, in a day.
07:43 Newborns typically sleep for a period of 2–4 hours.
07:48 Many newborns have their days and nights mixed up.
07:52 They tend to be awake and alert at night and sleepy during the day.
07:58 One way to help them sleep more at night is to keep minimum stimulation at night.

Example: keep the lights low by using a night lamp and during the day time try to keep her awake a little longer by talking and playing with her.

08:16 The mother or caregiver should remember that a baby should always be on her back while sleeping.
08:24 This reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.
08:30 For other safe sleeping practices, avoid using the following items in their crib -

Blankets, Quilts, Sheep skins, stuffed toys and pillows.

08:44 All these can suffocate the baby.
08:47 Also, be sure to alternate the position of the baby's head each night - first right, then left and so on.
08:57 This will prevent the development of flat spot on one side of the baby’s head.
09:04 This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Thanks for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Debosmita, PoojaMoolya, Sandhya.np14