Difference between revisions of "Embedded-Linux-Device-Driver/C2/Installation-of-Linux-kernel-packages/English"

From Script | Spoken-Tutorial
Jump to: navigation, search
(Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Visual cue | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Narration |- | style="borde...")
(No difference)

Revision as of 15:40, 13 February 2020

Visual cue Narration
Slide 1:

Welcome slide:

Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Installation of Linux kernel packages.
Slide 2:

Learning objectives:

  • Install the gcc compiler.
  • Install the kernel header files.
  • Check the installed kernel version.
  • Use linux kernel command
In this tutorial, we will learn how to
  • Install the gcc compiler.
  • Install the kernel header files.
  • Check the installed kernel version.
  • Use linux kernel commands.
Slide 3:

System Requirements:

  • VirtualBox version 5.2
  • Ubuntu Linux 18.04 LTS operating system.
  • Linux kernel version 5.0.0-31 generic.
To record this tutorial, I am using,
  • VirtualBox version 5.2
  • Ubuntu Linux 18.04 LTS operating system.
  • Linux kernel version 5.0.0-31 generic.
Slide 4:

Prerequisites:

To follow this tutorial, you should be familiar with

  • C programming language and
  • basics of Linux kernel
To follow this tutorial, you should be familiar with
  • C programming language and
  • basics of Linux kernel
Slide 5:

VirtualBox Installation

  • Do the Virtual box installation as per your system OS
* Go through the Ubuntu Linux on VirtualBox series in this website. http://spoken-tutorial.org
  • Do the VirtualBox installation as per your system OS.
Click on ubuntu_18.04_LTS

Type the password

Start your ubuntu 18.04 LTS virtual system.

Type the system password to login.

Press Alt+Ctrl+T

Type gcc -version

Press Enter

Highlight Command ‘gcc’ not found.

Open the terminal by pressing Alt+Ctrl+T

keys simultaneously.

We require the gcc compiler to compile the kernel’s module.

Let us check whether the gcc compiler is installed or not.

Type gcc space hyphen hyphen version and press Enter.

As it is not installed, you will see an error as shown here.

Otherwise you will see the gcc version that has been installed.

You can skip the below installation steps.

Type >> clear


Press Enter

Clear the screen.
Type sudo apt update

Press Enter

Type the password 2.23

Press Enter

Let us install the gcc compiler,

Type sudo space apt space update and press Enter.

Type the administrative password if prompts.

This command will update the Ubuntu's default repositories.

Type sudo apt install build-essential

Highlight the command

Press Enter

Next, type sudo space apt space install space build hyphen essential.

This package is used to install GCC/g++ compilers, libraries and utilities such as make.

Press Enter.

Show the output.

Type y

Press Enter

We can see the installation process has begun.

Press 'Y' whenever there is a prompt during installation to confirm the configuration.

And press Enter.

Now the installation of gcc compiler is completed.

Type clear

Press Enter

Clear the screen.
Type >> gcc --version

Press Enter

Highlight 7.4.0

Let us check the version of installed gcc compiler.

Type gcc space hyphen hyphen version and press Enter.

Here, you can see the installed gcc compiler version.

Type clear

Press Enter

Clear the screen
Type uname -r

Press Enter.

Highlight 5.0.0-27-generic

Highlight 5

Highlight 0

Highlight 0

Highlight -31

Highlight generic

Let us now check the kernel version of the system.

Type uname space hyphen r and press Enter.

Here, you can see the kernel version of the system.

Five indicates the kernel version.

Zero indicates the kernel major revision.

Zero indicates the kernel minor revision.

Thirty one indicates the number of fixed bugs.

generic means general usage kernel.

It is used for desktop installation.

You may get a different version depending upon your Linux OS.

Type clear

Press Enter

Clear the screen.
Type sudo su

Press Enter

Type password

Press Enter

Highlight the prompt

Type sudo su.

su command stands for superuser or root user.

In Linux, only the superuser allows to run some commands.

Press Enter.

If asked for the password, type the system password and press Enter.

We can see the command prompt changed to root user.

Type >> apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r)

Press Enter

To compile the Linux device driver,

We need to have kernel header files installed in the system.

Let us install the kernel header files.

Type apt space install space linux hyphen headers hyphen dolar in brackets uname hyphen r.

And press Enter

Point to linux-headers

Highlight 0-upgraded

Highlight 0-newly installed

As the files are already installed on the system,

You can see the output as,

linux-headers-5.0.0-31-generic is already the newest version.

zero upgraded, zero newly installed.

Type >> clear

Press Enter

Clear the screen.
Type >> dpkg-query -s linux-headers-$(uname -r)

Press Enter

Let us see the details of the kernel headers.

Type dpkg hyphen query space hyphen s space linux hyphen headers hyphen dollar in brackets uname space hyphen r.

And press Enter.

Highlight package

Highlight status

Highlight Installed-size

This field shows the package of header files.

The status field indicates that the header files are installed or not.

The Installed-size field contains the size of installed kernel header files in bytes.

Highlight Architecture

Highlight version

This field shows the architecture of our system.

The version field shows the version of the header files.

Type uname -r

Press Enter

As already learned, to see the kernel version,

Type uname space hyphen r and press Enter.

Highlight version

Highlight 5.0.0-27-generic

Highlight version: 5.0.0-27

Here, you can see that the kernel header files version and the kernel version are the same.

Make sure that both versions are the same in your system.

Type >> clear

Press Enter

Clear the screen.
Type >> lsmod.

Press Enter

Show the output

Highlight lsmod

Let us see the command that shows the kernel’s modules.

Type lsmod and press Enter.

This command shows the modules currently loaded in the kernel.

These modules extend the kernel’s functionality.

Type clear

Press Enter

Clear the screen
Type >> ls -l /dev

press Enter

Show the output

Highlight /dev

Type ls space hyphen l space slash dev and press Enter.

This command displays the list of files located under the dev directory.

All the devices are located in the dev directory.

Highlight c

Highlight b

Highlight oct 16 08:47

c indicates that it is a character device.

And block devices are indicated by b.

The last two entries shows the last modification date and time of a file.

Type clear

Press Enter

Clear the screen
Type >> ls -l /dev/tty

Press Enter

Highlight tty

Point to root, tty

Highlight rw-rw-rw-

Type ls space hyphen l space slash dev slash tty and press Enter.

The tty is a character device for the first uart serial port.

Here, the owner is root, and the group is tty.

It indicates that the owner, the group and the others have read and write permissions.

Another example of a character device is a keyboard device.

Type >> ls -l /dev/sda

Press Enter

Highlight b

Point to root, disk

Highlight rw-rw-

Type ls space hyphen l space slash dev slash sda and press Enter.

It is a block device indicated by b.

All mass storage devices such as sda are block devices.

Here, the owner is root, and the group is disk

It indicates that the owner and the group have read and write permissions.

These devices support random access.

Type clear

Press Enter

Clear the screen.
Type >> ls -l /sys/class/net

Press Enter

Show the output

Type ls space hyphen l space slash sys slash class slash net and press Enter.

Here, you can see the list of network devices located in this directory.

Highlight output Network devices are also known as packet devices.

Network devices simply transmit or receive the packets.

This is normally a physical device like ethernet card.

Type clear

Press Enter

Clear the screen.
Type >> exit

Press Enter

Type exit and press Enter.

You can see the command prompt changed to regular user.

Type >> exit

Press Enter

To go back to user login,

Type exit and press Enter.

Slide 6:

Summary:

  • Install the gcc compiler.
  • Install the kernel header files.
  • See the kernel version.
  • Use linux kernel command.
In this tutorial, we learnt to
  • install the gcc compiler.
  • install the kernel header files.
  • Check the installed kernel version.
  • Use linux kernel command.
Assignment:
  1. Type the below commands and see the output:

> ls -l /dev/tty2

> ls -l /dev/sda2

As an assignment,
  1. Type the below commands and see the output:

> ls -l /dev/tty2

> ls -l /dev/sda2

Slide 7:

About Spoken Tutorial Project:

* The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
  • Please download and watch it.
Slide 8:

Spoken Tutorial workshops:

The Spoken Tutorial Project Team:
  • conducts workshops and
  • gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide 9:


Forum questions:

* Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?
  • Please visit this site
  • Choose the minute and second where you have the question.
  • Explain your question briefly.
  • The Spoken Tutorial project will ensure an answer
  • You will have to register to ask questions
Slide 10:

Forum for specific questions:

* The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial.
  • Please do not post unrelated and general questions on them.
  • This will help reduce the clutter.
  • With less clutter, we can use these discussions as instructional material.
Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:

* Do you have general/technical questions on Embedded Linux Device Driver?
  • Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.
Slide 12:

Acknowledgment:

* Spoken Tutorial Project is supported by MHRD, Government of India.
Slide 13:

Thank you slide:

This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

This is Mayuri Panchakshari signing off.

Thanks for watching.

Contributors and Content Editors

Nancyvarkey, Nirmala Venkat

Retrieved from "https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Embedded-Linux-Device-Driver/C2/Installation-of-Linux-kernel-packages/English&oldid=51087"