Nancyvarkey: Created page with "{|Border=1 |'''Time''' |'''Narration''' |- |00:00 |Welcome to the '''spoken tutorial''' on embedding mathematics in '''Xfig'''. |- |00:05 |In this tutorial, I shall explain h..."

2018-08-21T04:19:45Z

Created page with "{|Border=1 |'''Time''' |'''Narration''' |- |00:00 |Welcome to the '''spoken tutorial''' on embedding mathematics in '''Xfig'''. |- |00:05 |In this tutorial, I shall explain h..."

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{|Border=1
|'''Time'''
|'''Narration'''
|-
|00:00
|Welcome to the '''spoken tutorial''' on embedding mathematics in '''Xfig'''.
|-
|00:05
|In this tutorial, I shall explain how to create this figure.
|-
|00:11
|Observe the mathematical expression in the second block.
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|00:16
|You can embed any mathematical expression after learning this tutorial.
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|00:23
|We shall create the figure in the previous slide, starting from this figure, which was created in the spoken tutorial on '''“Feedback Diagrams through Xfig”'''.
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|00:36
|You should learn this tutorial before starting the current one.
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|00:42
|Let me now explain, what all you need to learn the material taught in this course.
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|00:48
|I am using '''Xfig''' Version '''3.2''', '''patch level 5'''.
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|00:52
|You also need '''LaTeX''' and a familiarity with it.
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|00:56
|You also need '''image cropping software'''.
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|01:01
|'''pdfcrop''' works on '''Linux''' and '''Mac OS X'''. We will cover it in this tutorial.
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|01:09
|'''Briss''' is said to work on '''Windows''' also, but not covered in this tutorial.
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|01:15
|Let us go to '''Xfig'''.
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|01:19
|Let us choose the '''File''', then '''Open'''.
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|01:26
|If we scroll through the list, we will see the file “feedback.fig”, created in the spoken tutorial on “Feedback Diagrams through Xfig”. Let us click it.
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|01:42
|We will see the figure inside this box.
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|01:45
|Let us open it.
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|01:53
|Let us bring it inside.
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|02:01
|Let us also zoom it.
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|02:05
|Using the '''Save as''' option on '''“File”''', we will save this figure as '''maths'''.
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|02:20
|Let us '''save''' it.
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|02:24
|We now have the file '''"maths.fig"'''.
|-
|02:27
|Let us select '''“Edit”''' and click the text '''“Plant”'''.
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|02:34
|Let me take the '''mouse''' here. Let me delete this and enter
'''$G(z) = \frac z{z-1}$'''
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|02:50
|Make sure that the mouse stays within the box while typing.
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|02:56
|The default value for '''“Flag”''' is '''“Normal”''' - change it to '''“Special”''.
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|03:01
|Click '''“Done”'''.
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|03:07
|As the text is long, it overlaps with other entries.
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|03:12
|Let us move the text outside the box and work with it.
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|03:23
|Let me click here.
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|03:26
|Let me choose '''Grid Mode'''.
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|03:31
|Once we are satisfied with any changes that we may want here, we can put it back inside the box.
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|03:39
|Let us save this file.
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|03:44
|Let us '''export''' using combined '''pdf''' and '''Latex''' files.
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|03:51
|File > Export > Combined pdf/LaTeX. Let us '''Export'''.
|-
|04:03
|There is an error message that I get. But let us not worry about this.
|-
|04:11
|Let me go to the '''terminal'''.
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|04:13
|Let me type '''ls -lrt'''.
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|04:21
|We get a list of files, with the last one being the most recent.
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|04:26
|The last two files are '''maths.pdf_t''' and '''maths.pdf'''.
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|04:33
|Let us give the command '''open maths.pdf'''.
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|04:42
|Let us bring it inside.
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|04:45
|We can see the block diagram without the mathematical expression.
|-
|04:50
|Let me close this.
|-
|04:52
|Let us see '''maths.pdf_t''' in '''emacs editor''' that I have already opened.
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|05:01
|It is here. Let me open it.
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|05:14
|Please note that you do NOT have to use '''emacs'''.
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|05:17
|You can use WHATEVER editor that you are comfortable with.
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|05:22
|You can see that the “picture” environment is used.
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|05:26
|It also makes use of '''includegraphics''' and '''color''' packages – we need to tell LaTeX to take care of this requirement.
|-
|05:41
|Let me now open the file '''maths-bp.tex'''; I have already created for this tutorial.
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|05:59
|I have used '''article''' '''class'''.
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|06:02
|I have used '''color''' and '''graphicx''' packages as these are used in the file '''pdf_t''', the one we saw earlier.
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|06:15
|I want empty '''pagestyle''' as I do not want the page number.
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|06:20
|Finally, I want to include the file '''maths.pdf_t'''.
|-
|06: 27
|Let us invoke the command '''pdflatex maths-bp''' in the terminal.
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|06:42
|We get the message that the '''maths-bp.pdf''' is created.
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|06:48
|Let us open it with the command '''open maths-bp.pdf'''.
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|06:58
|We have the file we want. Let me zoom it.
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|07:07
|Now that we know that the mathematical expression is working, let us move the text inside the block.
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|07:30
|Let us '''save''' and '''export'''. It is already in the required language. '''Export'''.
|-
|07:38
|Let us dismiss this warning.
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|07:41
|Let me compile it again.
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|07:44
|Let us click the '''pdf''' browser that has the file.
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|07: 49
|Now you see the mathematical expression inside the box, the way we want.
|-
|07:56
|Let us now see what happens if we do not choose the '''Special''' flag.
|-
|08:01
|Let me come here.
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|08:04
|Let me edit the text, change the '''Special Flag''' to '''Normal'''. Done.
|-
|08:25
|'''File > Save'''. Let me '''export'''.
|-
|08:37
|Let me compile. Let me come here.
|-
|08:41
|The formula is no longer in the form we want.
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|08:46
|Let us change the “Special Flag” back to “Special”.
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|09:03
|'''Save, Export'''.
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|09:12
|Recompile. You see that the file is in the form we want.
|-
|09:18
|Let us now improve the appearance of this formula.
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|09:22
|In this case, the use of 'dfrac' will make the fraction look better.
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|09:28
|In view of this, let us change 'frac' to 'dfrac'.
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|09:38
|Let me click here. Keep the '''mouse''' inside the box.
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|09:43
|Put 'd' here. Done. '''Save, Export'''.
|-
|09:52
|Let us compile once again using '''pdflatex'''.
|-
|10:03
|We get the error message '''“Undefined control sequence”''' '''"\dfrac"'''.
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|10:11
|LaTeX complains because the command '''\dfrac''' is defined in the package '''“Amsmath”''' but we have not included it.
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|10:21
|We need to include it in the file '''maths-bp.tex''''.
|-
|10:27
|Let us do it. Let us go to emacs.
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|10:35
|Enter “\usepackage{amsmath}”.
|-
|10:41
|Let us '''save''' the file. Let us compile once again. Let me first exit.
|-
|10:49
|Let me now recompile. Now it compiles. Let us click this.
|-
|10:59
|We see that the fraction has now come out nicely.
|-
|11:03
|We have now achieved our objective of learning how to embed mathematical expressions in '''Xfig'''.
|-
|11:11
|It is important to note that Xfig does not interpret the LaTeX commands at all.
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|11:16
|The interpretation is done by the “'''pdflatex'''” command.
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|11:20
|The LaTeX commands have to be correct and consistent at the time of compilation.
|-
|11:25
|We will now explain how to remove the white space around the figure.
|-
|11:31
|Let me go to the terminal.
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|11:33
|Let me type the command “'''pdfcrop maths-bp.pdf'''” - this is the file we created, into “'''maths-out.pdf'''”.

|-
|11:53
|'''Pdfcrop''' says, one page written on this file.
|-
|11:57
| “'''pdfcrop'''” takes an input file, trims the space around the figure and writes out the cropped file in the output file.
|-
|12:09
| “'''pdfcrop'''” is already installed in my system.
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|12:12
|If you do not have it, you need to install it first.
|-
|12:15
|Let us view this output file by the command, '''“open maths-out.pdf”'''.
|-
|12:29
|Let me bring it inside.
|-
|12:31
|The figure has now become extremely compact.
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|12:34
|The white space that was here has been completely removed.
|-
|12:38
|We can now insert this into documents.
|-
|12:42
|Let me close this. Let me close this also. Let me close this also.
|-
|12:52
|Let me come back to the '''slide'''s.
|-
|12:57
|The software “briss” can also be used to crop the white space.
|-
|13:01
|It is supposed to work on '''Linux, Mac OS X''' and also on '''Windows'''.
|-
|13:08
|I have checked its working on '''Mac OS X'''. But we will not demonstrate it here.
|-
|13:17
|We have now come to the end of this tutorial.
|-
|13:20
|We have an assignment for you. Make the diagram created in this tutorial more symmetric and beautiful.
|-
|13:27
|Try out different mathematical expressions.
|-
|13:30
|Try out other options such as '''flip''' and '''rotate''', not covered in the spoken tutorial.
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|13:36
|Try to build different diagrams. Explore the '''library'''.
|-
|13:41
|Do an internet search and locate information relevant to '''Xfig'''.
|-
|13:47
|Useful learning material is available at '''spoken-tutorial.org'''. It is here.
|-
|14:02
|The concept of spoken tutorials is explained in "What is a Spoken Tutorial?".
|-
|14:09
|You may learn LaTeX using the '''spoken tutorials''', available here, which I have downloaded in this tab.
|-
|14:19
|The tutorial on '''Mathematical Typesetting''' explains how to create maths in LaTeX.
|-
|14:29
|The tutorial on '''Tables and Figures''' explains how to place figures of the type created in this tutorial into documents.
|-
|14:38
|This website has a lot of information, including '''Xfig''' tutorials. Come back to the '''slide'''s.
|-
|14:53
|'''Spoken Tutorial''' is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project, supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT), MHRD, Government of India.
|-
|15:03
|More information on this mission is available at:spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro.
|-
|15:12
|We welcome your participation and also feedback.
|-
|15:16
|This is Kannan Moudgalya, signing off. Thanks for joining.

Xfig/C2/Feedback-diagram-with-Maths/English-timed - Revision history

Nancyvarkey: Created page with "{|Border=1 |'''Time''' |'''Narration''' |- |00:00 |Welcome to the '''spoken tutorial''' on embedding mathematics in '''Xfig'''. |- |00:05 |In this tutorial, I shall explain h..."