Nancyvarkey: Created page with "'''Title of script''': '''Embedding Mathematics in Xfig''' '''Author: Kannan Moudgalya''' '''Keywords: Xfig, LaTeX, pdflatex, pdfcrop, briss''' [http://spoken-tutorial.org..."

2018-08-21T04:10:51Z

Created page with "'''Title of script''': '''Embedding Mathematics in Xfig''' '''Author: Kannan Moudgalya''' '''Keywords: Xfig, LaTeX, pdflatex, pdfcrop, briss''' [http://spoken-tutorial.org..."

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'''Title of script''': '''Embedding Mathematics in Xfig'''

'''Author: Kannan Moudgalya'''

'''Keywords: Xfig, LaTeX, pdflatex, pdfcrop, briss'''

[http://spoken-tutorial.org/wiki/index.php/File:Maths.zip Resources for the tutorial]

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border-top:0.035cm solid #000000;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 1
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on embedding mathematics in Xfig

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 2
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this tutorial, I shall explain how to Create this Figure

Observe the mathematical expression in the second block

You can embed any mathematical expression after learning this tutorial

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 3
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We shall create the figure in the previous slide, starting from this figure

which was created in the spoken tutorial on “Feedback Diagrams through Xfig”

You should learn this tutorial before starting the current one

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 4
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me now explain what all you need to learn the material taught in this tutorial

I am using Xfig, Version 3.2, patch level 5

You also need LaTeX, and a familiarity with it

You also need image cropping software

pdfcrop works on Linux and Mac OS X

We will cover it in this tutorial

Briss is said to work on Windows also, but not covered in this tutorial

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 5
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us go to Xfig

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Open file
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us choose file, then open.

If we scroll through the list, we will see the file “feedback.fig”, created in the spoken tutorial on “Feedback Diagrams through Xfig”

Let us click it

We will see the figure inside this box

Let us open it. Let us bring it inside. Let us also zoom it.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Save file
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Using the “save as” option on “file”, we will save this figure as maths.

Let us save it.

We now have the file maths.fig

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Edit
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us select “Edit” and click the text “Plant”

Let me take the mouse here. Let me delete this and enter

$G(z) = \frac z{z-1}$

Make sure that the mouse stays within the box while typing

The default value for “Flag” is “normal” - change it to “special”

Click “done”

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| As the text is long, it overlaps with other entries

Let us move the text outside the box and work with it.

Let me click here.

Let me choose grid mode.

Once we are satisfied with any changes that we may want here, we can put it back inside the box.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us save the file.

Let us export using combined pdf and latex files.

File. Export. Combined pdf and LaTeX. Let us export.

There is an error message I get.

But let us not worry about this.

Let me go to the terminal.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Terminal
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me type “ls -lrt”

We get a list of files, with the last one being the most recent

The last two files are maths.pdf_t and maths.pdf

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Open maths.pdf

on terminal
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us give the command “open maths.pdf”

Let us bring it inside.

We can see the block diagram without the mathematical expression

Let me close this

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| C-X, C-f in emacs

type maths.pdf_t
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us see maths.pdf_t in emacs editor that I have already opened

It is here. Let me open it.

Please note that you do NOT have to use emacs

You can use WHATEVER editor that you are comfortable with

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight includegraphics

highlight color
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| You can see see that the “picture” environment is used

It also makes use of “includegraphics” and “color” packages – we need to tell LaTeX to take care of this requirement

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| C-X, C-f in emacs

type maths-bp.tex
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me now open the file maths-bp.tex, I have already created for this tutorial

I have used article class

I have used color and graphicx packages as these are used in the file pdf_t, the one we saw earlier.

I want empty pagestyle, as I do not want the page number

Finally, I want to include the file maths.pdf_t

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| pdflatex maths-bp

open maths-bp.pdf
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us invoke the command “pdflatex maths-bp” in the terminal

We get the message that the maths-bp.pdf is created.

Let us open it with the command “open maths-bp.pdf”

We have the file we want. Let me zoom it.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Move text

pdflatex maths-bp

click maths-bp.pdf
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now that we know that the mathematical expression is working, let us move the text inside the block

Let us save and export. It is already in the required language.

Export.

Let us dismiss this warning.

Let me compile it again.

Let us click the pdf browser that has the file

Now you see the mathematical expression inside the box, the way we want

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us now see what happens if we do not choose the special flag.

Let me come here.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Xfig
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me edit the text, change the “Special Flag” to “normal”. Done.

File, save. Let me export

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| terminal
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me compile. Let me come here.

The formula is no longer in the form we want

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Xfig
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us change the “special flag” back to “special”

Save, export

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Terminal
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Recompile. See that the file is in the form we want.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us now improve the appearance of this formula

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Xfig
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this case, the use of dfrac will make the fraction look better.

In view of this, let us change frac to dfrac.

Let me click here. Keep the mouse inside the box.

Put d here. Done. Save, export.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Terminal
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us compile once again using “pdflatex”

We get the error message “Undefined control sequence” \dfrac

LaTeX complains because the command \dfrac is defined in the package “Amsmath” but we have not included it.

We need to include it in the file maths-bp.tex.

Let us do it. Let us go to emacs.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Emacs
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Enter “\usepackage{amsmath}”

Let us save the file. Let us compile once again. Let me first exit.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Terminal
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me now recompile. Now it compiles.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us click this.

We see that the fraction has now come out nicely.

We have now achieved our objective of learning how to embed mathematical expressions in Xfig

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| It is important to note that Xfig does not interpret the LaTeX commands at all.

The interpretation is done by the “pdflatex” command

The LaTeX commands have to be correct and consistent at the time of compilation.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We will now explain how to remove the white space around the figure.

Let me go to the terminal.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Pdfcrop
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me type the command “pdfcrop maths-bp.pdf” - this is the file we created, into “maths-out.pdf”.

Pdfcrop says one page written on this file.

“pdfcrop” takes an input file, trims the space around the figure and writes out the cropped file in the output file.

“pdfcrop” is already installed in my system.

If you do not have it, you need to install it first.

Let us view this output file by the command, “open maths-out.pdf”.

Let me bring it inside.

The figure has now become extremely compact.

The white space that was here has been completely removed.

We can now insert this into documents.

Let me close this. Let me close this also.

Let me come back to the slides.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The software “briss” can also be used to crop the white space.

It is supposed to work on Linux, Mac OS X and also on Windows.

I have checked its working on Mac OS X.

But we will not demonstrate it here.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We have now come to the end of this tutorial

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 6
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We have an assignment for you

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Make the diagram created in this tutorial more symmetric and beautiful

Try out different mathematical expressions

Try out other options, such as flip and rotate, not covered in the spoken tutorial

Try to build different diagrams

Explore the library

Do an internet search and locate information relevant to Xfig

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 7
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Useful learning material is available at [http://spoken-tutorial.org/ spoken-tutorial.org]. It is here.

The concept of spoken tutorials is explained in "What is a Spoken Tutorial"

You may learn LaTeX using the spoken tutorials available here, which I have downloaded in this tab.

The tutorial on Mathematical Typesetting explains how to create maths in LaTeX

The tutorial on Tables and Figures explains how to place figures, of the type created in this tutorial, into documents

This website has a lot of useful information, including, Xfig tutorials. Come back to the slides.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 8
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Spoken Tutorial is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project, supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT), MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at

spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 9
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.035cm solid #000000;border-left:0.035cm solid #000000;border-right:0.035cm solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We welcome your participation and also feedback.

This is Kannan Moudgalya signing off. Thanks for joining. Goodbye.

|}

Xfig/C2/Feedback-diagram-with-Maths/English - Revision history

Nancyvarkey: Created page with "'''Title of script''': '''Embedding Mathematics in Xfig''' '''Author: Kannan Moudgalya''' '''Keywords: Xfig, LaTeX, pdflatex, pdfcrop, briss''' [http://spoken-tutorial.org..."