Python-3.4.3/C4/Advanced-Features-of-Functions/English - Revision history

Nirmala Venkat at 06:37, 22 October 2018

2018-10-22T06:37:15Z

Nancyvarkey at 10:05, 18 October 2018

2018-10-18T10:05:27Z

Nancyvarkey at 13:19, 16 October 2018

2018-10-16T13:19:31Z

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2018-10-04T10:54:51Z

Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <ce..."

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{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide title
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Advanced Features of Functions'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Objectives

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn to-

* Assign''' default values''' to '''arguments''', when defining '''functions'''
* Define and call '''functions''' with '''keyword''' '''arguments'''
* Define and call '''functions''' with '''arbitrary''' '''arguments'''
* Learn some of the '''built-in functions''' available in '''Python''' '''standard''' '''library'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

System Specifications
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To record this tutorial, I am using

* '''Ubuntu Linux 16.04''' operating system
* '''Python 3.4.3'''
* '''IPython 5.1.0'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Pre-requisite slide
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To practise this tutorial, you should know how to

* run basic '''Python '''commands on the '''IPython console'''
* use''' functions.'''

If not, see the relevant '''Python '''tutorials on this website.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide:

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| First let us see about default arguments in Python.

* Function arguments can have default values in Python.
* When we call a function without a value for an argument, its default value is used if available
* Otherwise it will give error.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|

Open the terminal

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us start '''ipython'''.

Open the '''terminal.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|

Type '''ipython3 '''and''' '''press''' Enter'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type '''ipython3 '''and press '''Enter.'''

From here onwards, remember to press the '''Enter''' key after typing every command on the '''terminal'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''def welcome(greet,name="World"):'''

'''print (greet, name)'''

Highlight welcome, greet, name

Highlight name
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us define a function '''Welcome'''.

Type the code as shown.

Here,

* '''welcome''' is the '''function''' name
* '''greet''' is the argument with no default values and
* the '''name''' argument has a default value '''World'''.

In a '''function,''' all the '''arguments''' with '''default''' '''values''' should come after non-default arguments.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''welcome("Hi", "Chandru") '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us first call the '''function''' '''welcome''' with two '''arguments''', one for '''greet''' and other for '''name'''.

Type,

'''welcome''''' inside brackets inside double quotes '''''Hi '''''comma inside double quotes''''' Chandru'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We get the expected welcome message,''' Hi Chandru. '''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''welcome("Hello") '''

Highlight hello, world
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now let us call the '''function''' with one '''argument''' only.

Type,

'''welcome '''''inside brackets inside double quotes '''''Hello '''

We get the output as '''Hello World'''.

Here,

* '''“Hello”''' is passed to the parameter '''greet '''and
* '''“World” '''is the default value of the '''name''' parameter.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''def welcome(greet,age = 23, name="World"):'''

'''print (greet, name,age)'''

Type,

'''welcome("Hello")'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us add another parameter '''age''' with default value as 23 as shown.

Now type, '''welcome '''''inside brackets inside double quotes '''''Hello'''

Here, '''welcome '''function''' '''still works since we have provided default value for '''age'''.

Default values allow us to add new parameters to an existing function.

It will not break the existing usage of the function.

<nowiki><<PAUSE>></nowiki>

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Pause the video.

Try this exercise and then resume the video.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Exercise 1
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Redefine the function '''welcome''', by interchanging its arguments.

Place the '''name''' argument with its default value of "'''World'''" before the '''greet''' argument.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch terminal
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the terminal for the solution.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''def welcome(name="World", greet):'''

'''print (greet, name)'''

Highlight '''SyntaxError'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type as shown.

We get an error that reads '''SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument'''.

When defining a '''function''' all the '''arguments''' with '''default''' '''values''' should come at the end.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Pause the video.

Try this exercise and then resume the video.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Exercise 2
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Redefine the function '''welcome''' with a default value of "'''Hello'''" to the '''greet''' argument.

Then, call the function without any arguments.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch terminal
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the terminal for the solution.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''def welcome(greet="Hello", name="World"):'''

'''print (greet, name)'''

'''welcome()'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type as shown.

Then type,

'''welcome '''''open and close brackets''

As we can see, we get the output as''' Hello World.'''

Default values of both parameters are used since function is called without passing any value.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Show Slide'''

'''keyword arguments'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Next let us see what are '''keyword arguments.'''

* We no need to remember the order of '''arguments '''while calling functions''' '''by passing''' keyword arguments'''
* Instead, we can use '''name''' of the '''argument''' to pass a '''value '''to it

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''def marks(first,second,third):'''

'''print("first: %d second: %d and third: %d" %(first,second,third))'''

Type,

'''marks(34,23,45)'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us define a function with name '''marks '''which takes three marks as '''arguments'''.

Type as shown.

Then we will call the '''marks '''function without specifying the '''keywords'''.

Type, '''marks '''''inside brackets '''''34''''' comma '''''23''''' comma '''''45'''

We get the output as “'''first: 34 second: 23 and third: 45'''”

Here the '''values''' '''34, 23 '''and''' 45 '''are passed according to the '''position.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''marks(34,45,23)'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To confirm this, we will try with different values.

Type,

'''marks '''''inside brackets '''''34''''' comma '''''45 '''''comma '''''23'''

We can see that the printed '''values''' are changed since they are passed according to the '''position'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''marks(34,23,third=45)'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now let us pass two values without '''keyword''' and other one with '''keyword.'''

Type,

'''marks '''''inside brackets '''''34 '''''comma '''''23 '''''comma '''''third''''' is equal to '''''45'''

Here first two values are passed according to the position and the third as '''keyword argument'''.

But, the '''keyword''' arguments should be specified at the end.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''marks(34,second=23,45)'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now type,

'''marks '''''inside brackets '''''34 '''''comma '''''second '''''is equal to '''''23 '''''comma '''''45'''

We get the '''SyntaxError''', '''positional argument follows keyword argument.'''

This is because here the '''keyword''' argument is not specified at the end.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''marks(second=34,first=23,third=45)'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can pass all the parameters as '''keyword arguments'''.

Type,

'''marks '''''inside brackets '''''second '''''is equal to '''''34 '''''comma '''''first''''' is equal to '''''23 '''''comma '''''third''''' is equal to '''''45'''

Here even though the order of '''keyword''' is changed, we get the output as:

“'''first: 23 second: 34 and third: 45'''”

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''def marks(, first, second, third):'''

'''print("first: %d second: %d and third: %d" %(first,second,third))'''

Type,

'''marks(second=34,first=23,third=45)'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Next we will learn to define a function to take only '''keyword''' '''arguments.'''

Type as shown.

Then to call the function, type,

'''marks '''''inside brackets '''''second '''''is equal to '''''34 '''''comma '''''first '''''is equal to '''''23 '''''comma '''''third '''''is equal to '''''45'''

Note the '''asterisk''' symbol at the starting of parameters.

It restricts the function to''' '''accept '''keyword''' only '''arguments.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''marks(45, 34, 23)'''

highlight '''TypeError '''in output

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Again we will try to call the function without '''keyword arguments.'''

Type,

'''marks '''''inside brackets '''''45 '''''comma''''' 34 '''''comma''''' 23'''

It gives a '''TypeError '''as''' marks() takes 0 positional arguments but 3 were given.'''

This way we can enforce usage of '''keyword '''only arguments without''' positional arguments.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide:

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Next let us learn to use arbitrary arguments.

We may not always know in advance the number of arguments that will be passed into a function.
* Use an asterisk() before an argument name to denote '''arbitrary''' number of arguments.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''def family(names):'''

'''print(names)'''

Type,

'''family("Duryodhana", "Dushasana")'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can define a function to accept any number of positional arguments.

Type as shown.

Then type,

'''family '''''inside brackets inside double quotes '''''Duryodhana '''''comma inside double quotes '''''Dushasana'''

Here, we have called the function with multiple arguments.

These arguments get wrapped up into a tuple while passed into the function

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''family("Duryodhana", "Dushasana", "Dushla", "Jalsandha")'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now type as shown.

As you can see, we can call the function '''family '''with more values passed to the '''names '''argument'''. '''

We have passed 2 values in the first call and 4 values in the second call to the function '''family'''.

In both cases these values are assigned to the parameter '''names.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''def person(**attributes):'''

'''print(attributes)'''

Type,

'''person(name="John",age=34,height=182)'''

Highlight * and **

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can also define a function to receive arbitrary number of '''keyword''' arguments.

Type as shown.

Then to call the function type as shown.

The '''person '''function prints a dictionary of '''keyword arguments''' passed to it.

Note the '''double''' '''asterisk symbol '''at the beginning of the parameter names.

It enables to pass zero or more '''keyword arguments'''.

Note: '''Single asterisk (*)''' symbol is used to accept '''arbitrary number of positional arguments.'''

And the '''double asterisk (**) '''symbol is used to accept '''arbitrary number of keyword arguments.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''person(name="Lisa",age=27,height=162,weight=58)'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now call the '''person '''function as shown.

Here we have passed 3 keyword arguments in the first case and 4 in the second case.

The function prints a dictionary of keyword arguments with values.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Built-in functions

https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Python''' also provides '''built-in functions, '''some are

* '''abs()'''
* '''any()'''
* '''dir()'''
* '''help()'''

You can visit this link to get the full list of built-in functions and their usage.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Summary slide

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.

In this tutorial, we have learned to define functions with,''' '''

* Default arguments
* keyword arguments
* Arbitrary arguments

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Evaluation

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve

* All the arguments of a function cannot have default values. - True or False?
* The following is a valid function definition. True or False?
* While calling a function, which one is correct in the following

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Solutions

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| And the answers,''' '''

# False. All the arguments of a Python function can have default values.
# False. All the parameters with default arguments should be defined at the end.
# While calling a function, only keyword arguments can be in any order, but should be called at the end.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide Forum
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Fossee Forum
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Please post your general queries on Python in this forum.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.095cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide Textbook Companion
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|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Acknowledgement
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India.

For more details, visit this website.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide Thank You
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This is Priya from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching.

|}

@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 '''welcome("Hi", "Chandru") '''
-| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us first call the '''function welcome''' with two '''arguments''', one for '''greet''' and other for '''name'''.
+| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us first call the '''function welcome''' with two '''arguments'''
-−
 Type,

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 * Assign''' default values''' to '''arguments''', when defining '''functions'''
-* Define and call '''functions''' with '''keyword''' '''arguments'''
+* Define and call '''functions''' with '''keyword arguments'''
-* Define and call '''functions''' with '''arbitrary''' '''arguments'''
+* Define and call '''functions''' with '''arbitrary arguments'''
 * Learn some of the '''built-in functions''' available in '''Python standard library'''.
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 Open the terminal
 | style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us start '''ipython'''.
@@ Line 242: / Line 239: @@
 '''welcome()'''
 | style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type as shown.
-Then type,
+Then type, '''welcome '''''open and close brackets''
-−
 '''welcome '''''open and close brackets''
@@ Line 348: / Line 340: @@
-We get the '''SyntaxError''', '''positional argument follows keyword argument.'''
+We get the '''SyntaxError, positional argument follows keyword argument.'''
-This is because here the '''keyword''' argument is not specified at the end.
+This is because here the '''keyword argument''' is not specified at the end.
 |-
@@ Line 419: / Line 411: @@
 It gives a '''TypeError '''as''' marks() takes 0 positional arguments but 3 were given.'''
-This way we can enforce usage of '''keyword '''only arguments without''' positional arguments.'''
+This way we can enforce usage of '''keyword '''only '''arguments''' without''' positional arguments.'''
 |-
@@ Line 472: / Line 464: @@
-We have passed 2 values in the first call and 4 values in the second '''call''' to the '''function family'''.
+We have passed 2 values in the first '''call''' and 4 values in the second '''call''' to the '''function family'''.
@@ Line 538: / Line 530: @@
 https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html
-| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Python''' also provides '''built-in functions, '''some are
+| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Python''' also provides '''built-in functions. '''
 * '''abs()'''
@@ Line 570: / Line 564: @@
-| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve
+| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.097cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve.
 * All the '''arguments''' of a '''function''' cannot have default values. - True or False?
 * The following is a valid '''function''' definition. True or False?
-* While calling a '''function''', which one is correct in the following.
+* While '''calling''' a '''function''', which one is correct in the following.
 |-