Python-3.4.3/C2/Using-plot-command-interactively/English - Revision history

Nancyvarkey at 06:15, 26 February 2017

2017-02-26T06:15:58Z

Nirmala Venkat at 07:14, 22 February 2017

2017-02-22T07:14:11Z

Vineeta at 09:28, 21 February 2017

2017-02-21T09:28:53Z

Nirmala Venkat at 06:10, 21 February 2017

2017-02-21T06:10:41Z

Vineeta at 07:20, 20 February 2017

2017-02-20T07:20:09Z

Vineeta: /* Python/C2/Creating-simple-plots-using-IPython/English */

2017-02-20T07:06:24Z

‎Python/C2/Creating-simple-plots-using-IPython/English

Vineeta at 07:05, 15 February 2017

2017-02-15T07:05:57Z

Vineeta: Created page with "= Python/C2/Creating-simple-plots-using-IPython/English = '''Title of script''': '''Using plot command interactively in IPython. ''' '''Author: Thirumalesh H S''' '''Keyword..."

2017-02-13T06:42:35Z

Created page with "= Python/C2/Creating-simple-plots-using-IPython/English = '''Title of script''': '''Using plot command interactively in IPython. ''' '''Author: Thirumalesh H S''' '''Keyword..."

New page

= Python/C2/Creating-simple-plots-using-IPython/English =
'''Title of script''': '''Using plot command interactively in IPython. '''

'''Author: Thirumalesh H S'''

'''Keywords: Python, IPython, plot''' , '''pylab, matplotlib'''

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Visual Cue
| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Narration

|-
| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Show slide

[Slide with MHRD logo]
| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Hello friends. Welcome to the tutorial on using '''plot '''command interactively in '''IPython'''

|-
| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Show slide

Objectives

| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to,

# Create simple '''plots''' of '''mathematical''' '''functions'''.
# Use the '''Plot''' '''window''' to study '''plots '''better.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Show slide

System Specifications
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| To record this tutorial, I am using

* '''Ubuntu Linux 14.04''' operating system
* '''Python 3.4.3'''
* '''IPython 5.1.0'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Show slide

Pre-requisites
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Pre-requisites to practise this tutorial -

You should know how to run basic '''Python '''commands on the '''ipython console.'''

If not, for relevant '''Python '''tutorials, please visit this website.

[http://spoken-tutorial.org/ http://spoken-tutorial.org]

|-
| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| [Terminal]

ipython3

| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Let us first open the '''Terminal '''by pressing '''Ctrl+Alt+T '''keys simultaneously.

Now, type '''ipython3''' and press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| [IPython console]

'''%pylab '''and press '''Enter.'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Let us initialise the pylab package

Type '''%pylab '''and press''' Enter'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Let's first understand what is '''Pylab'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Show Slide

'''Pylab'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| '''Pylab''' is a convenient '''Python''' '''module''' -

* which provides '''plotting''' functionality
* and has '''mathematical''' and '''scientific''' '''functions'''.

|-
| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| [iPython console]

Highlight “'''Using matplotlib backend: TkAgg''' ”
| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| After running '''%pylab '''in the i'''Python console''' you will see a message

“'''Using matplotlib backend: TkAgg ”.'''

This means '''matplotlib''' is running.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Show Slide

'''Error''' if '''matplotlib''' is not installed
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| But sometimes you may get an error that says

'''“ImportError: No module named matplotlib”.'''

In such cases, you have to install '''matplotlib''' and run this '''command''' again.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [iPython console]

linspace?
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Let's come back to the '''ipython console'''.

Type ''''linspace'''' followed by a question mark in '''ipython console.'''

Please note that the '''command '''is''' linspace '''and''' '''not''' linespace.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Type q
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| The displayed information says that

* '''linspace''' returns evenly spaced '''numbers''',
* which are calculated over the interval '''start''' and '''stop'''.

Type '''q '''to exit the documentation and return to the '''console.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [iPython console]

linspace(1, 100, 100) >> press '''Enter'''.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Let's try to generate 100 points from 1 to 100.Type '''linspace brackets (1,100,100)'''

Here, 1 is the '''start''' , 100 is the '''stop''' and the next 100 is the number of points.

Now, press '''Enter'''. As you can see, a sequence of numbers from 1 to 100 is displayed.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [iPython console]

'''linspace(0, 1, 200)''' >> press '''Enter'''.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Now let's try to generate 200 points between 0 and 1.

We do that by typing '''linspace brackets (0, 1, 200)'''.

Here, 0 is the '''start''' , 1 is the '''stop''' and 200 is the number of points.

Now, press '''Enter'''.

Here is the expected sequence of numbers.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| In '''linspace,''' the '''start''' and '''stop''' points can be '''integers''', '''decimals''', or '''constants'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [iPython console]

'''linspace(-pi, pi, 100)'''

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Let us now learn about the '''len '''function.

First we will generate 100 points between '''-pi''' and '''pi'''.

So type '''linspace brackets (-pi, pi, 100)'''

Here ''''pi'''' is a constant defined by '''pylab'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [iPython console]

'''t = linspace(-pi, pi, 100)'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Now, let us save this to a variable, say '''t'''. Press enter

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [iPython console]

'''len(t)'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| If we now type '''len(t) '''and press '''Enter''', we will get the number of points between '''-pi''' and '''pi.len''' function gives the no. of elements present in a given sequence.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [iPython console]

'''plot(t, cos(t))'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Next, let's try and plot a '''cosine''' '''curve''' between '''-pi''' and''' pi.'''For this, we use the '''plot''' command.

Type '''plot(t, cos(t)) '''and press '''Enter.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| As you can see from the '''cosine plot''', '''cos(t)''' gets the '''cosine''' value at every point corresponding to point '''t.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [iPython console]

cosine = cos(t)plot(t, cosine)
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| We can also assign the value of '''cos(t) '''to a variable '''cosine''' by typing''' cosine = cos(t). '''Press Enter

And then '''plot''' it by typing '''plot(t, cosine) '''and press enter

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Show slide

clf function()
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| To clear the '''plot''', we have to use the '''clf()''' function.

This avoids overlapping of new '''plot'''s over older '''plots'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [iPython console]

clf()
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| In the '''console''', type '''clf() '''and press '''Enter.'''

The previous '''plot''' is cleared and a blank '''plot window''' is displayed.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [iPython console]

plot(t, sin(t))
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Now, let's try to plot a '''sine''' '''plot'''.

Type '''plot brackets (t, sin(t)) '''in the '''console''' and press '''Enter.'''

A '''sine plot '''is displayed.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [Plot window]

Show plotted '''sine curve'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| To study the '''plot''' better on the''' plot window,''' we can use various options that are available on it. Let us have a look at these options.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [Plot window]

Move the mouse along the '''plot'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Moving the mouse pointer along the '''plot''' gives us the location of each '''point''' on the '''plot.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Point to the buttons on the bottom left of the window.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Notice here.

At the bottom left of the window, there are a few buttons.

|-
| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| [Plot window]

Save the '''plot''' as '''sin_curve.pdf '''
| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| The right-most among them is for saving the file. Just click on it and type the '''file name'''. Let us save the '''plot''' by the name '''sin_curve''' in '''pdf format'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Click on the drop-down to show the available formats
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Click on the dropdown here.

As you can see, there are many formats in which to save the '''file.Formats''' like '''png, eps, pdf, and ps''' are available.

We have to specify the format that we prefer at the time of saving.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [Plot window]

Point the mouse on the slider '''button'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| To the left of the '''save '''button, is the '''slider button.'''

Using this '''button''', we can specify the margins on the''' plot window'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [Plot window]

Show how to '''zoom'''.

Press '''zoom''' '''button''' and specify region to '''zoom'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| To the left of the '''slider button '''is the '''zoom''' '''button'''. It is used to '''zoom''' into the '''plot'''.

Just specify the region to '''zoom''' into.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [Plot window]

Press '''Move''' '''button''' and move the axes.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| The button to the left of '''zoom '''can be used to move the '''axes '''of the '''plot'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [Plot window]

Press Back and Forward '''Button'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| The next two buttons with left and right arrow icons change the state of the '''plot'''. It takes us to the previous or next state of the '''plot'''. It acts like the back and forward button in a browser.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| [Plot window]

Press '''home''' '''button'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| The last one is ''''home'''' referring to the initial '''plot. '''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Show Slide

Exercise 1

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Pause the video here, try out the following exercise and then resume the video.

Plot '''(sin(x)*sin(x)) / x'''.

# Save the '''plot''' as '''sinsquarebyx.pdf'''
# '''Zoom''' and find the '''maxima'''.
# Bring it back to initial position.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Show Slide

Summary

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. In this tutorial, we have learnt to,

# Start '''IPython''' with '''pylab'''.
# Use the '''linspace''' function to create equally spaced points in a region.
# Find the length of sequences using '''len''' '''function'''.
# Plot mathematical functions using '''plot'''.
# Clear drawing area using '''clf'''.
# Usage of buttons in the '''UI''' of the plot window such as -<br/> '''save''', '''zoom,''' '''move''' '''axis''', '''back''' and '''forward '''and '''Home '''

|-
| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Show Slide

Assignment

| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve -

# Create 100 equally spaced points between '''-pi/2''' and '''pi/2'''
# How can we find the length of a sequence?
# What will the command '''linspace(-pi,pi,100)''' do?

* returns 100 evenly spaced samples from '''-pi '''to '''pi '''
* returns 100 evenly spaced samples from '''-pi''' to '''pi''' excluding '''pi''' but including '''-pi '''
* returns 100 evenly spaced samples from '''-pi''' to '''pi''' excluding '''-pi''' but including '''pi '''
* returns 100 evenly spaced samples from '''-pi''' to '''pi''' including both '''-pi''' and '''pi'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Show Slide

Solutions

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| And the answers,

# We use the command '''linspace(-pi/2,pi/2,100)''' to create 100 equally spaced lines between the points '''-pi/2''' and '''pi/2'''.
# '''len(sequence_name) '''is the function used to find out the length of a sequence.
# The command '''linspace(-pi,pi,100)''' will return 100 evenly spaced samples from '''-pi''' to '''pi''' including both '''-pi '''and '''pi'''.

|-
| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Show Slide

About the Spoken Tutorial Project

| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Show Slide

Spoken tutorial workshops
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give Certificates.

Please contact us.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Show Slide

Forum to answer questions
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Do you have questions in THIS '''Spoken Tutorial?'''

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

Someone from the '''FOSSEE''' team will answer them.

Please visit this site.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Show Slide

Forum to answer questions
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Do you have any general / technical questions?

Please visit the forum given in the link.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Show Slide

Textbook Companion

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| The '''FOSSEE '''team coordinates coding of solved examples of popular books.

We give honorarium and certificates for those who do this.

For more details, please visit this site.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Show Slide

Acknowledgements
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Show Slide

Thank You
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| This is Thirumalesh from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching

|}

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 # Create simple '''plots''' of '''mathematical''' '''functions'''.
 # Use the '''Plot''' '''window''' to study '''plots '''better.
 |-
@@ Line 41: / Line 39: @@
 * '''Python 3.4.3'''
 * '''IPython 5.1.0'''
 |-
@@ Line 73: / Line 69: @@
 '''%pylab '''and press '''Enter.'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Let us initialise the pylab package
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Let us initialise the '''pylab package'''.
@@ Line 90: / Line 86: @@
 * which provides '''plotting''' functionality
 * and has '''mathematical''' and '''scientific''' '''functions'''.
 |-
@@ Line 97: / Line 91: @@
 Highlight “'''Using matplotlib backend: TkAgg''' ”
-| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| After running '''percentage pylab '''in the i'''Python console''' you will see a message
+| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| After running '''percentage pylab '''in the i'''Python console''' you will see a message-
 “'''Using matplotlib backend: TkAgg ”.'''
@@ Line 122: / Line 116: @@
-Type ''''linspace'''' followed by a question mark in '''ipython console. '''Press Enter
+Type ''''linspace'''' followed by a question mark in '''ipython console. '''
@@ Line 146: / Line 142: @@
-Now, press '''Enter'''. As you can see, a sequence of numbers from 1 to 100 is displayed.
+Now, press '''Enter'''.
 |-
@@ Line 177: / Line 175: @@
-So type '''linspace brackets minus pi comma pi comma 100 '''and''' '''press enter
+So type '''linspace brackets minus pi comma pi comma 100 '''and''' '''press '''Enter'''.
@@ Line 186: / Line 184: @@
 '''t = linspace(-pi, pi, 100)'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Now, let us save this to a variable, say '''t'''. Press enter
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Now, let us save this to a variable, say '''t'''.
 |-
@@ Line 215: / Line 215: @@
 cosine = cos(t)plot(t, cosine)
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| We can also assign the value of '''cos(t) '''to a variable '''cosine''' by typing''' cosine equals to cos(t). '''Press Enter
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| We can also assign the value of '''cos(t) '''to a variable '''cosine''' by typing''' cosine equals to cos(t). '''Press '''Enter'''.
-And then '''plot''' by typing '''plot(t comma cosine) '''and press enter
+And then '''plot''' by typing '''plot(t comma cosine) '''and press '''Enter'''
 |-
@@ Line 285: / Line 285: @@
 As you can see, there are many formats in which to save the '''file.
-Formats''' like '''png, eps, pdf, and ps''' are available.
+Formats like '''png, eps, pdf''', and '''ps''' are available.
 We have to specify the format that we prefer at the time of saving.
@@ Line 319: / Line 319: @@
 Press Back and Forward '''Button'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| The next two buttons with left and right arrow icons change the state of the '''plot'''.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| The next two buttons with left and right arrow icons, change the state of the '''plot'''.
 It takes us to the previous or next state of the '''plot'''.
@@ Line 363: / Line 363: @@
 # Clear drawing area using '''clf'''.
 # Usage of buttons in the '''UI''' of the plot window such as -<br/> '''save''', '''zoom,''' '''move''' '''axis''', '''back''' and '''forward '''and '''Home '''
 |-
@@ Line 378: / Line 376: @@
 # How can we find the length of a sequence?
 # What will the command '''linspace(minus pi comma pi comma 100)''' do?
 |-
@@ Line 392: / Line 389: @@
 # '''len(sequence underscore name) '''is the function used to find out the length of a sequence.
 # The command '''linspace(minus pi comma pi comma 100)''' will return 100 evenly spaced samples from '''-pi''' to '''pi''' including both '''minus pi '''and '''pi'''.
 |-
@@ Line 457: / Line 452: @@
 Thank You
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| This is '''__________''' from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| This is Usha from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching.
 |}

@@ Line 201: / Line 201: @@
-Type '''plot brackets t, comma cos(t) '''and press '''Enter.'''
+Type '''plot brackets t comma cos(t) '''and press '''Enter.'''
 |-
@@ Line 214: / Line 214: @@
-And then '''plot''' it by typing '''plot(t comma cosine) '''and press enter
+And then '''plot''' by typing '''plot(t comma cosine) '''and press enter
 |-
@@ Line 450: / Line 450: @@
 Thank You
 | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| This is '''__________''' from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching
 |}

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 Pre-requisites
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Pre-requisites to practise this tutorial -
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Pre-requisites to practise this tutorial are -
 You should know how to run basic '''Python '''commands on the '''ipython console.'''
@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
-Type '''percentage''' %'''pylab '''and press''' Enter'''
+Type '''percentage''' '''pylab '''and press''' Enter'''
 |-
@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 * which are calculated over the interval '''start''' and '''stop'''.
-Type '''q '''to exit the documentation and return to the '''console.'''
+Press '''q '''to exit the documentation and return to the '''console.'''
 |-

@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
-Type '''%pylab '''and press''' Enter'''
+Type '''percentage''' %'''pylab '''and press''' Enter'''
 |-
@@ Line 122: / Line 122: @@
-Type ''''linspace'''' followed by a question mark in '''ipython console.'''
+Type ''''linspace'''' followed by a question mark in '''ipython console. '''Press Enter
@@ Line 140: / Line 140: @@
 linspace(1, 100, 100) >> press '''Enter'''.
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Let's try to generate 100 points from 1 to 100.Type '''linspace brackets (1,100,100)'''
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Let's try to generate 100 points from 1 to 100.Type '''linspace brackets 1 comma 100 comma 100'''
@@ Line 155: / Line 155: @@
-We do that by typing '''linspace brackets (0, 1, 200)'''.
+We do that by typing '''linspace brackets 0 comma 1 comma 200 '''and press enter.
-−
-−
-Here, 0 is the '''start''' , 1 is the '''stop''' and 200 is the number of points.
-−
-Now, press '''Enter'''.
@@ Line 182: / Line 177: @@
-So type '''linspace brackets (-pi, pi, 100)'''
+So type '''linspace brackets minus pi comma pi comma 100 '''and''' '''press enter
@@ Line 197: / Line 192: @@
 '''len(t)'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| If we now type '''len(t) '''and press '''Enter''', we will get the number of points between '''-pi''' and '''pi.len''' function gives the no. of elements present in a given sequence.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| If we now type '''len bracket t '''and press '''Enter''', we will get the number of points between '''minus''' '''pi''' and '''pi.len''' function gives the no. of elements present in a given sequence.
 |-
@@ Line 203: / Line 198: @@
 '''plot(t, cos(t))'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Next, let's try and plot a '''cosine''' '''curve''' between '''-pi''' and''' pi.'''For this, we use the '''plot''' command.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Next, let's try and plot a '''cosine''' '''curve''' between '''minus''' '''pi''' and''' pi.'''For this, we use the '''plot''' command.
-Type '''plot(t, cos(t)) '''and press '''Enter.'''
+Type '''plot brackets t, comma cos(t) '''and press '''Enter.'''
 |-
@@ Line 216: / Line 211: @@
 cosine = cos(t)plot(t, cosine)
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| We can also assign the value of '''cos(t) '''to a variable '''cosine''' by typing''' cosine = cos(t). '''Press Enter
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| We can also assign the value of '''cos(t) '''to a variable '''cosine''' by typing''' cosine equals to cos(t). '''Press Enter
-And then '''plot''' it by typing '''plot(t, cosine) '''and press enter
+And then '''plot''' it by typing '''plot(t comma cosine) '''and press enter
 |-
@@ Line 245: / Line 240: @@
-Type '''plot brackets (t, sin(t)) '''in the '''console''' and press '''Enter.'''
+Type '''plot brackets t comma sin(t) '''and press '''Enter.'''
@@ Line 291: / Line 286: @@
-Using this '''button''', we can specify the margins on the''' plot window'''.
+Using this '''button''', we can specify the margins of the''' plot window'''.
 |-
@@ Line 433: / Line 428: @@
 Please visit the forum given in the link.
 |-

@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 Highlight “'''Using matplotlib backend: TkAgg''' ”
-| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| After running '''%pylab '''in the i'''Python console''' you will see a message
+| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| After running '''percentage pylab '''in the i'''Python console''' you will see a message
 “'''Using matplotlib backend: TkAgg ”.'''
@@ Line 140: / Line 140: @@
 linspace(1, 100, 100) >> press '''Enter'''.
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Let's try to generate 100 points from 1 to 100.Type '''linspace brackets 1 comma 100 comma 100'''
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Let's try to generate 100 points from 1 to 100. Type '''linspace brackets 1 comma 100 comma 100'''
@@ Line 192: / Line 192: @@
 '''len(t)'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| If we now type '''len bracket t '''and press '''Enter''', we will get the number of points between '''minus''' '''pi''' and '''pi.len''' function gives the no. of elements present in a given sequence.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| If we now type '''len bracket t '''and press '''Enter''', we will get the number of points between '''minus''' '''pi''' and '''pi.
 |-
@@ Line 198: / Line 200: @@
 '''plot(t, cos(t))'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Next, let's try and plot a '''cosine''' '''curve''' between '''minus''' '''pi''' and''' pi.'''For this, we use the '''plot''' command.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| Next, let's try and plot a '''cosine''' '''curve''' between '''minus''' '''pi''' and''' pi.'''
@@ Line 249: / Line 253: @@
 Show plotted '''sine curve'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| To study the '''plot''' better on the''' plot window,''' we can use various options that are available on it. Let us have a look at these options.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| To study the '''plot''' better on the''' plot window,''' we can use various options that are available on it.
 |-
@@ Line 267: / Line 273: @@
 Save the '''plot''' as '''sin_curve.pdf '''
-| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| The right-most among them is for saving the file. Just click on it and type the '''file name'''. Let us save the '''plot''' by the name '''sin underscore curve''' in '''pdf format'''.
+| style="border:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| The right-most among them is for saving the file.
 |-
@@ Line 273: / Line 283: @@
 | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding:0.0417in;"| Click on the dropdown here.
-As you can see, there are many formats in which to save the '''file.Formats''' like '''png, eps, pdf, and ps''' are available.
+Formats''' like '''png, eps, pdf, and ps''' are available.
-−
 We have to specify the format that we prefer at the time of saving.
@@ Line 284: / Line 294: @@
 Point the mouse on the slider '''button'''
 | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| To the left of the '''save '''button, is the '''slider button.'''
 Using this '''button''', we can specify the margins of the''' plot window'''.
@@ Line 293: / Line 302: @@
 Show how to '''zoom'''.
-Press '''zoom''' '''button''' and specify region to '''zoom'''
+It is used to '''zoom''' into the '''plot'''.
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| To the left of the '''slider button '''is the '''zoom''' '''button'''. It is used to '''zoom''' into the '''plot'''.
 Just specify the region to '''zoom''' into.
@@ Line 309: / Line 319: @@
 Press Back and Forward '''Button'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| The next two buttons with left and right arrow icons change the state of the '''plot'''. It takes us to the previous or next state of the '''plot'''. It acts like the back and forward button in a browser.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;border-left:0.5pt solid #000000;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0.0417in;padding-left:0.0417in;padding-right:0.0417in;"| The next two buttons with left and right arrow icons change the state of the '''plot'''.
 |-
@@ Line 328: / Line 342: @@
 Plot '''(sin(x) multiplied by sin(x)) divided by x'''.
-# Save the '''plot''' as '''sinsquarebyx.pdf'''
+# Save the '''plot''' as '''sinsquarebyx dot pdf'''
 # '''Zoom''' and find the '''maxima'''.
 # Bring it back to initial position.
@@ Line 364: / Line 378: @@
 # How can we find the length of a sequence?
 # What will the command '''linspace(minus pi comma pi comma 100)''' do?