Madhurig at 06:44, 24 April 2026

2026-04-24T06:44:34Z

Madhurig: Created page with "'''Title of the script: Conditional Operators''' '''Authors: '''Ketki Bhamble EduPyramids '''Keywords: '''PostgreSQL, pgAdmin 4, SQL, WHERE Clause, LIKE, percent sign, un..."

2026-04-24T06:43:57Z

Created page with "'''Title of the script: Conditional Operators''' '''Authors: '''Ketki Bhamble EduPyramids '''Keywords: '''PostgreSQL, pgAdmin 4, SQL, WHERE Clause, LIKE, percent sign, un..."

New page

'''Title of the script: Conditional Operators'''

'''Authors: '''Ketki Bhamble EduPyramids

'''Keywords: '''PostgreSQL, pgAdmin 4, SQL, WHERE Clause, LIKE, percent sign, underscore, BETWEEN, NOT BETWEEN, IN, NOT IN, DISTINCT, EduPyramids, video tutorial.

{| border=1
|-
| align=center| '''Visual Cue'''
| align=center| '''Narration'''
|-
|| '''Slide 1'''

'''Title Slide'''
|| Welcome to this Spoken Tutorial on '''Conditional Operators''' in PostgreSQL.
|-
|| '''Slide 2'''

'''Learning Objectives '''
|| In this tutorial, we will learn about,

* '''LIKE, BETWEEN, NOT BETWEEN, IN, NOT IN '''and''' DISTINCT operators '''

|-
|| '''Slide 3'''

'''System Requirements'''

* '''Ubuntu 24.04 LTS'''
* '''PostgreSQL version 18.1''', and
* '''PgAdmin 4 version 9.11'''.

|| To record this tutorial, I am using the following setup.
|-
|| '''Slide 4'''

'''Pre-requisites '''

[https://edupyramids.org/ https://EduPyramids.org] '''

|| To follow this tutorial,
* Learners should have '''PostgreSQL''' and '''pgAdmin 4 '''
* For the prerequisite '''PostgreSQL''' tutorials, please visit this website.

|-
|| '''Slide 5'''

'''Code Files'''

The following code file is required to practice this tutorial:

* '''co-commands.txt'''

This file is provided in the Code Files link on this tutorial page.
|| The following '''code file''' is required to practice this tutorial.

This file is provided in the''' Code Files''' link of this tutorial page.

Please download and extract the file.
|-
||
|| Let us get started.
|-
|| '''Show students-table'''
|| We are using the students table.

It contains '''studentid''', '''studentname''', '''city''', '''gender''', '''date of birth''', and '''cgpa'''.
|-
|| '''Slide 6'''

'''LIKE operator'''
|| The '''LIKE''' operator is used to search for a specified pattern in a column.

It is used along with the '''WHERE''' '''clause'''.

|-
|| '''Slide 7'''

'''Syntax of LIKE operator'''

'''SELECT column1, column2, ...'''

'''FROM table_name'''

'''WHERE columnN LIKE pattern; '''

'''Highlight pattern keyword.'''
|| This is the syntax of the''' LIKE '''operator.

The '''pattern '''may contain '''percent '''sign or '''underscore'''.

'''Percent''' sign represents zero or more characters.

'''Underscore''' represents exactly one character.
|-
|| Type the command:

'''SELECT * FROM students'''

'''WHERE studentname LIKE 'R%';'''

Highlight''':<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''

Highlight''': WHERE'''

Highlight''':‘R%’'''

Click on the execute query button.

|| Let us retrieve the records of students whose names start with the letter '''R'''.

Type the following query.

The''' WHERE clause''' filters rows and displays the student names starting with '''R'''.

The''' percent''' sign allows any number of characters after''' R'''.

Let us execute the query.

The output displays students whose names start with '''R'''.
|-
|| Type the query:

'''SELECT studentname, city'''

'''FROM students'''

'''WHERE city LIKE '%a';'''
|| Now let’s find students whose city name ends with letter '''a''' using the '''WHERE clause'''.

Type the following query.
|-
|| '''Highlight LIKE '%a''''
|| This query retrieves '''studentname''' and''' city'''.

The pattern ''''%a' '''means any number of characters followed by the letter '''a'''.
|-
|| '''Click the Execute query icon.'''
|| Let us execute the query.

The output shows student from the''' city''' ending with '''a'''.
|-
|| '''Slide 8'''

'''BETWEEN Operator'''
|| The '''BETWEEN '''operator is used to filter values within a specified range.

It works with numbers, dates, and text values. The range values are inclusive.
|-
|| '''Slide 9'''

'''Syntax of BETWEEN Operator'''

'''SELECT column name(s)'''

'''FROM table name'''

'''WHERE column name BETWEEN value1 AND value2;'''
|| This is the '''syntax''' of '''BETWEEN''' operator.
|-
|| '''Type the command:

SELECT studentname, cgpa FROM students WHERE cgpa BETWEEN 8 AND 9;'''
|| Let us now find students whose''' CGPA''' is between 8 and 9.

Type the following query.

|-
|| '''Highlight BETWEEN 8 AND 9'''
|| This query retrieves the '''studentname''' and '''c g p a'''.

The '''BETWEEN''' '''clause''' filters rows where '''CGPA''' is between 8 and 9.

It includes values greater than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 9.
|-
|| Click the '''Execute query icon.'''
|| Let us execute the query.

The output shows students whose''' CGPA''' is within the range of 8 and 9.
|-
|| '''Type the command''':

'''SELECT studentname, dob FROM students WHERE dob BETWEEN '1996-01-01' AND '1996-12-31';'''

'''Highlight dob BETWEEN '1996-01-01' AND '1996-12-31''''
|| Now, let us find students born in the year 1996.

Type the following query.

This query retrieves the '''studentname''' and date of birth.

The '''BETWEEN clause '''filters students born between the specified dates.
|-
|| '''Click the Execute query icon.'''
|| Let us execute the query.

The output displays students born in the year 1996.
|-
|| '''Slide 10'''

'''NOT BETWEEN Operator'''
|| The''' NOT BETWEEN''' operator is used to filter values that fall outside a specified range.
|-
|| '''Slide 11'''

'''Syntax of NOT BETWEEN Operator'''

'''SELECT column name(s)'''

'''FROM table name'''

'''WHERE column name NOT BETWEEN'''

'''value1 AND value2;'''
|| This is the syntax of the '''NOT BETWEEN operator.'''
|-
|| '''Type:'''

'''SELECT studentname, cgpa'''

'''FROM students'''

'''WHERE cgpa NOT BETWEEN 8 AND 9;'''
|| Let us retrieve students whose '''CGPA''' is not between 8 and 9.Type this query.
|-
|| '''Highlight NOT BETWEEN 8 AND 9'''
|| The '''NOT''' '''BETWEEN''' clause returns rows where '''cgpa''' is less than 8 or greater than 9.
|-
|| Click on the '''execute''' '''query''' icon
|| Let us execute the query.

The output displays students whose '''CGPA''' falls outside this range.
|-
|| '''Slide 13'''

'''IN Operator'''
|| The '''IN''' operator is used to specify multiple values in a '''WHERE clause'''.

It checks whether a column matches any value in a given list.
|-
|| '''Slide 14'''

'''Syntax of IN Operator'''

'''SELECT column name(s)'''

'''FROM table name'''

'''WHERE column name IN (value1,'''

'''value2, ...);'''
|| This is the syntax of the '''IN operator.'''
|-
|| '''Type:'''

'''SELECT * FROM students'''

'''WHERE city IN ('Mumbai', 'Pune', 'Delhi');'''

|| Let us retrieve students who belong to '''Mumbai, Pune''', or''' Delhi'''.

Type the following query.
|-
|| '''Highlight city IN ('Mumbai','Pune','Delhi')'''
|| In this query, the '''IN operator''' matches the city with the specified values.
|-
|| Click on the '''execute''' '''query''' icon
|| Click on the '''Execute''' '''query''' icon to execute the query.

The output displays students from '''Mumbai, Pune''', and '''Delhi'''.
|-
|| '''Slide 15'''

'''NOT IN Operator'''
|| The '''NOT IN''' operator excludes specified values from the result set.
|-
|| '''Slide 16'''

'''Syntax of NOT IN Operator'''

'''SELECT column name(s)'''

'''FROM table name'''

'''WHERE column name NOT IN (value1,'''

'''value2, ...);'''
|| This is the syntax of the '''NOT IN operator.'''
|-
|| '''Type:'''

'''SELECT * FROM students'''

'''WHERE city NOT IN ('Mumbai','Pune');'''
|| Now let us retrieve students who do not belong to '''Mumbai '''or '''Pune'''.

Type the following query.
|-
|| Highlight NOT IN ('Mumbai','Pune')
|| The '''NOT IN operator''' filters out the specified cities and returns the remaining records.
|-
|| Click on the '''execute''' '''query''' icon
|| Let us execute the query.

The output shows students from other cities except '''Mumbai '''and '''Pune'''.
|-
|| '''Slide 17'''

'''DISTINCT Operator'''

|| '''DISTINCT keyword '''is used in the '''SELECT statement '''to list distinct and unique values.

It removes the duplicate rows or column values from the query result.
|-
|| '''Slide 18'''

'''Syntax of DISTINCT Operator'''

'''SELECT DISTINCT column-names FROM table-name WHERE [condition]'''
|| The '''syntax''' is as follows:

|-
|| '''Type the command:'''

'''SELECT DISTINCT city FROM students; '''

|| Type the query as shown here.

This '''select statement '''will retrieve the unique city names from the '''students table'''.

Let us execute the query.

Output will eliminate duplicate values from the specified column '''city'''.

It only shows distinct city names.
|-
||
|| With this, we come to the end of this tutorial.
|-
|| '''Slide 19'''

'''Summary'''

In this tutorial, we have learnt about

* '''LIKE, BETWEEN, NOT BETWEEN, IN, NOT IN '''and''' DISTINCT operators'''

|| Let us summarise.
|-
|| '''Slide 20 +21+22'''

'''Assignment'''

'''As an Assignment, '''

* Retrieve student records whose names start with letter''' A''' using the '''LIKE operator'''.
* Display the '''studentname '''and '''city''' where city names contain the letter '''“n”'''.
* List students who belong to '''Chennai, Kolkata, '''or''' Bengaluru''' using the''' IN operator'''.
* Find students whose '''CGPA '''is between 7 and 8.5.
* Display students records who are born after 1997 using the '''NOT BETWEEN operator'''.
* Retrieve the distinct gender value'''s''' from the students table.
* Display students whose city is neither '''Chennai '''nor''' Jaipur'''.

|| As an Assignment, please do the following.
|-
|| '''Slide 23

'''This '''Spoken''' '''Tutorial''' is brought to you by '''EduPyramids''' Educational Private Limited SINE IIT Bombay.

'''Thank you'''
|| Thank You.
|-
|}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Title of the script: Conditional Operators'''
 '''Authors: '''Ketki Bhamble EduPyramids
 '''Keywords: '''PostgreSQL, pgAdmin 4, SQL, WHERE Clause, LIKE, percent sign, underscore, BETWEEN, NOT BETWEEN, IN, NOT IN, DISTINCT, EduPyramids, video tutorial.

PostgreSQL-Database/C2/Conditional-Operators/English - Revision history

Madhurig at 06:44, 24 April 2026

Madhurig: Created page with "'''Title of the script: Conditional Operators''' '''Authors: '''Ketki Bhamble EduPyramids '''Keywords: '''PostgreSQL, pgAdmin 4, SQL, WHERE Clause, LIKE, percent sign, un..."