PhET-Simulations-for-Physics/C3/Projectile-Motion/English - Revision history

Snehalathak at 11:38, 29 July 2021

2021-07-29T11:38:27Z

Madhurig at 13:49, 14 July 2021

2021-07-14T13:49:02Z

Madhurig at 10:21, 10 May 2021

2021-05-10T10:21:33Z

Madhurig: Created page with "{| border=1 | Time | Narration |- || '''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide''' || Welcome to this tutorial on '''Projectile motion'''. |- || '''Slide Number 2'''..."

2021-05-10T10:20:28Z

Created page with "{| border=1 | Time | Narration |- || '''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide''' || Welcome to this tutorial on '''Projectile motion'''. |- || '''Slide Number 2'''..."

New page

{| border=1
| Time
| Narration
|-
|| '''Slide Number 1'''

'''Title Slide'''
|| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Projectile motion'''.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 2'''

'''Learning Objectives'''
|| In this tutorial we will demonstrate,

'''Projectile Motion PhET simulation'''.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 3'''

'''Pre-requisites'''
|| To follow this tutorial,

Learner should be familiar with topics in high school physics.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 4'''

'''System Requirement'''
|| Here I am using,

Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04

Java version 1.7

Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 5'''

'''Learning Goals'''
|| Using this simulation we will,

Determine how each parameter affects the trajectory of an object

Estimate where an object will land, given its initial conditions.

Determine how horizontal and vertical motion of a projectile are independent.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 6'''

'''Learning Goals'''
|| Investigate the variables that affect the drag force.

Examine the effect of drag force on the velocity and acceleration.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 7'''

'''Definition of a Projectile'''
|| Let us define a projectile.

A projectile is any object that is fired, pitched or thrown.

The path of the projectile is called its trajectory.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 8'''

'''Projectile Motion'''
|| '''Projectile motion''' is a form of motion,

in which a '''projectile''' is thrown near the Earth's surface.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 9'''

'''Effect of Gravity on a Projectile'''
|| A projectile moves along a curved path under the action of gravity.

Gravity is the downward force acting on a projectile.

Gravity influences its vertical motion and causes the parabolic trajectory.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 10'''

'''Examples of Projectile motion'''
|| Some examples of projectile motion are,

A baseball that has been thrown.

A bullet that is fired from a gun or rifle.
|-
|| Slide Number 11

'''Link for PhET simulation'''

[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]
|| Use the given link to download the simulation.

[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]
|-
|| Point to the file in Downloads folder.
|| I have already downloaded ''' Projectile Motion PhET simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.

|-
|| Right click on '''projectile-motion_en.html''' file.

Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' option.

|| To open the simulation, right click on '''projectile-motion_en.html''' file.

Select the option '''Open With Firefox Web Browser'''.
|-
|| Cursor on the interface.
|| This is the interface of '''Projectile Motion PhET simulation'''.
|-
|| Point to each screen.
|| The interface has four screens,

'''Intro'''

'''Vectors'''

'''Drag '''

'''Lab'''.

|-
|| Click on '''Intro '''screen.
|| Click on '''Intro''' screen.

Using this screen let's study the factors affecting a projectile’s trajectory.
|-
|| Point to the mounted cannon on the pedestal.
|| '''Intro''' screen has a cannon mounted on a pedestal.

|-
|| Point to the Height label.

Adjust the height by dragging.
|| Default height of the pedestal is 10 m.

'''Height label''' disappears when height is adjusted.

We can change the height of the '''pedestal''' between 0 to 15 m.
|-
|| Click on '''Reset''' button.
| Click on '''Reset''' button to reset the simulation.

|-
|| Move the cursor on to cannon angle.

Drag the cannon to change the angle.
|| By default, '''cannon's angle '''is at 0 degrees.

Cannon's angle can be changed from - 90 degrees to 90 degrees(-90 to 90).

Drag Cannon's angle to zero degrees.
|-
|| Move the cursor on the Initial Speed slider.
|| At the bottom of the screen we have,

a slider to change '''Initial Speed'''.
|-
|| Point to '''Eraser''' button.
|| Yellow '''Eraser''' icon to erase the trajectory.
|-
|| Point to '''Launch projectile''' button.
|| Red '''Launch Projectile''' icon to launch the '''projectile'''.
|-
|| Point to '''Play/Pause.'''

Point to '''Step '''button.
|| '''Play/Pause '''and '''Step '''buttons.
|-
|| Point to''' Normal '''and''' Slow '''Point to''' radio '''buttons.
|| '''Normal '''and ''' Slow''' radio buttons to change animation speed.
|-
|| Point to '''Zoom in''' and '''Zoom out ''' buttons.
| | At the top left corner we have ''' Zoom in''' and '''Zoom out ''' buttons to zoom the view.

|-
|| Click and drag the probe.

Click and drag the measuring tape.
|| On the top right corner we have a white box.

It contains a probe and a measuring tape.

|-
|| Drag the probe.
|| Probe is used to measure '''Time''', '''Range''' and '''Height''' of the trajectory.

|-
|| Point to the drop down list.

Point to '''Pumpkin'''.
| | A drop down list is provided to select the projectiles.

By default '''Pumpkin''' is selected as a projectile.

|-
|| Point Mass and Diameter.
|| '''Mass''' and '''Diameter''' of the selected projectile is displayed below the list.
|-
|| Point to Air Resistance check box.
|| Next we have a check box to introduce '''Air Resistance''' with''' Drag Coefficient'''.
|-
|| Point to '''Total''' and '''Component''' check boxes .
|| Then we have '''Velocity Vectors''' and '''Acceleration Vectors ''' check boxes.

|-
|| Click on the drop down list of projectiles.

Select '''Human''' projectile.
|| Let us select '''Human''' projectile from the list.

Observe the displayed '''Mass '''and '''Diameter''' of the '''Human projectile.'''
|-
|| Click on '''Launch''' icon.

Move the cursor over the trajectory.
|| Click on red''' Launch''' icon

Observe the trajectory.
|-
|| Drag to change cannon's angle to 10 degrees.

Click on Launch icon.
|| Next we will change cannon's angle to 10 degrees.

Launch the '''projectile'''.

|-
|| Move the cursor over the trajectory.
|| Observe projectile's trajectory as we change cannon's angle.

Highest point is shown in green colour.

|-
|| Drag and place the probe.

Point to the point.
|| Drag and place the probe on highest point of the trajectory.

Note the '''Time, Range''' and '''Height''' at the highest point.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 12'''

'''Tabular Column'''
|| Let us make tabular column for '''Cannon's Angle, Time Range''' and ''' Height'''.

I will entered the values for 10 degrees angle.
|-
|| Drag the probe.
|| Drag the probe back to its place.

|-
|| Drag to change cannon's angle to 20 degrees.
|| Similarly I will change the cannon's angle to 20 degrees.

Launch the projectile and observe the trajectory.
|-
|| Drag and place the probe on highest point.

Note the values in the table.
|| Place the probe on highest point of the trajectory.

Note the values of '''Time, Range''' and '''Height ''' in the table.

I have entered the values in the table.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 13'''

'''Assignment ''''
|| As an assignment,

Change the values of cannon's angle and complete the tabular column.
|-
|| Click on '''Rest''' button.
|| Click on '''Reset''' button to reset the simulation.

|-
|| Click on '''Launch''' icon.
|| Launch the projectile and observe the trajectory.

|-
|| Point to the target on the base line.

Drag the target on the base line.

|| Adjust the target on the base line so that projectile falls on the target.
|-
|| Click on '''Launch''' icon.

Point to the stars.
|| Launch the projectile and observe the trajectory.

Observe the stars as the projectile hits the target.

|-
|| Drag the '''Initial Speed''' slider to '''20 m/s''' >> launch the projectile

Cursor on the trajectory.
|| By default the slider is at '''15 m/s Initial speed.'''

'''Initial Speed''' can be changed between 0 to 30 m/s.
|-
||
|| Drag the '''Initial Speed''' slider to 20 m/s and launch the projectile.

Notice that, projectile moves faster and falls at a greater distance on the base line.

|-
|| Click on '''Slow''' radio button.

Cursor on the trajectory.
||Click on '''Slow''' radio button and launch the projectile.

Observe that, the projectile moves slowly.
|-
|| Cursor on the trajectory.
|| Notice that, '''Slow''' radio button slows down the animation speed.

It does not reduce the projectile's speed.
|-
|| Click on Yellow '''eraser''' icon.
|| Click on yellow '''eraser''' icon to erase the earlier trajectories.

|-
|| Adjust cannon angle -10 >> initial speed to 25 m/s.

Launch the projectile.
|| Adjust the cannon's angle to -10 degrees and initial speed to 25 m/s.

Launch the projectile.

Observe the trajectory and distance covered.
|-
|| Click on Velocity Vector's Total >> Component check boxes.
|| Click on '''Velocity Vector's Total''' and '''Components''' check boxes.

Launch the projectile.
|-
|| Cursor on the trajectory.

Uncheck the boxes.
|| Observe '''Velocity vector''' and its components on the trajectory.

Uncheck the boxes.

|-
|| Click on '''Acceleration Vector's''' '''Total''' and '''Component''' check boxes
|| Click on '''Acceleration Vector''''s '''Total''' and '''Components''' check boxes.

Launch the projectile and observe the trajectory.
|-
||'''Slide Number 14'''

'''Assignment '''
|| As an assignment,

Observe the projectile motion by

1. Selecting various projectiles

2. Changing initial speed and height of the pedestal.

|-
|| Point to the '''Vectors''' screen .

Click on '''Vectors''' screen.
|| Next we will move on to''' Vectors''' screen.

Click on '''Vectors''' screen.
|-
||
|| In this screen we will explore,

how velocity, acceleration and force are affected by air resistance.
|-
|| Point to all the tools.
|| '''Vectors''' screen has nearly same tools as in '''Intro''' screen.

|-
|| Point to the height
|| In this screen, pedestal's height is 0 metres and

cannon's angle is 80 degrees.
|-
|| Drag the angle of cannon to 50 degree >> click on '''Launch''' icon.
|| Change cannon's angle to 70 degrees and launch the projectile.
|-
|| Point to '''Cannonball'''.

Drag '''Diameter''' and '''Mass''' sliders
|| Here we have only one projectile - '''Cannonball'''.

We can change the diameter and mass by dragging.
|-
|| Click on '''Air Resistance''' check box.

Click on '''Launch''' icon.
|| Uncheck '''Air Resistance''' checkbox and launch the projectile.

Without air resistance projectile moves to a greater altitude and longer distance .
|-
|| Point to the check boxes.

'''Velocity Vectors'''

'''Acceleration Vectors'''

'''Force Vectors'''.

Cursor on the trajectory.
|| Now click on the following check boxes-

'''Velocity Vectors'''

'''Acceleration Vectors'''

'''Force Vectors'''.

Launch the projectile.

You will see the vector components on the trajectory.
|-
|| Cursor on Drag screen.
|| Next we will move on to''' Drag''' screen.

|-
|| Click on Drag screen.
|| Click on '''Drag''' screen at the bottom of the interface.

In this screen we will,

Determine the factors that affect the drag force.

Observe the relation between drag force and velocity.

|-
|| Point to '''Drag Coefficient''' and '''Altitude''' sliders.
| | Additionally this screen has, '''Drag Coefficient''' and '''Altitude '''sliders.

|-
|| Drag the Drag Coefficient slider to 0.04 .
|| Let us move the '''Drag Coefficient''' slider to 0.04.

Notice the shape of the projectile.

It appears as a water drop.
|-
|| Click on '''Launch''' icon.

Cursor on the trajectory.
|| Launch the projectile and observe the trajectory.

When the drag coefficient is small-

projectile travels to a greater altitude and greater distance.

|-
|| Drag the probe.

Point to the values of '''Time, Range''' and '''height'''.
|| Drag and place the probe on the highest point.

Probe displays the '''Time, Range''' and '''height''' of the projectile.

Drag the probe back to its place.
|-
|| Drag the '''Initial Speed''' slider to 14 m/s.

Drag Drag Coefficient to 0.45.

Click on Zoom button(+)

Click on '''Launch''' icon.

|| Change initial speed to 14 m/s and Drag Coefficient to 0.45

Click '''Zoom In''' button to zoom the view.

Launch the projectile and observe the trajectory.

|-
|| Click on '''Zoom Out ''' button.
|| Click on '''Zoom Out ''' button to show normal view.

|-
|| Move the '''Drag coefficient ''' slider to 0.50 value.

Drag the '''Altitude''' slider to 1700 m >> launch the projectile.

|| Now move the '''Drag coefficient '''slider to 0.50.

Change the initial speed to 24 m/s.

Drag the '''Altitude''' slider to 1700 m and launch the projectile.

Observe the trajectory.
|-
|| Drag and place the measuring tape at the base line till the projectile touches the ground.
|| Using measuring tape measure the distance covered by the projectile.

|-
|| Point to '''Lab''' screen.
|| Now we will move on to '''Lab''' screen.

|-
|| Click on screen.
|| Click on '''Lab''' screen.

In this screen we have a list of projectiles.

|-
|| Point to '''Custom'''>>Select '''Custom'''.

Point to all the values.

Point to yellow coloured edit button.
|| Let us select the projectile as '''Custom'''.

Here we can change the values of,

'''Mass'''

'''Diameter'''

'''Gravity'''

'''Altitude''' and

'''Drag Coefficient''' manually.

|-
|| Point to the yellow coloured edit button.
|| Beside each attribute, notice an yellow coloured edit button.

These buttons are used to change the values manually.
|-
|| Type 15 in the text box
|| Now I will change '''Gravity''' value.

Click on edit button corresponding to '''Gravity'''.

A key pad opens.

Select 15 and click '''Enter'''.

|-
|| Check the '''Air Resistance''' check box.

Click on '''Edit''' button.

Launch the projectile.
|| Check the '''Air Resistance ''' check box.

Change the '''Altitude''' value to 2000 m using the edit button.

Launch the projectile and observe the trajectory.
|-
|| Drag and place on the highest point.
|| Drag and place the probe to measure the Highest point.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 15'''

'''Assignment '''
|| As an assignment,

Change various custom parameters and launch the projectile.
|-
||
|| Let us summarize.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 16'''

'''Summary '''
|| In this tutorial, we have demonstrated,

'''Projectile Motion PhET simulation''' .

|-
|| '''Slide Number 17'''

'''Summary '''
|| Using this simulation we have,

Determined how each parameter affects the trajectory of an object

Estimated where an object will land, given its initial conditions.

Determined how horizontal and vertical motion of a projectile are independent.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 18'''

'''Summary '''
||Investigated the variables that affect the drag force.

Examined the effect of drag force on the velocity and acceleration.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 19'''

'''About Spoken Tutorial project'''
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 20'''

'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team,

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 21'''

'''Forum for specific questions:'''

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.
Explain your question briefly

Someone from our team will answer them.
|| Please post your timed queries on this forum.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 22'''

'''Acknowledgements'''
|| This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 23'''

'''Acknowledgement'''
| | Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.
|-
||
|| This is Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay, singing off.

Thank you for joining.
|-

|}

@@ Line 666: / Line 666: @@
 |-
 ||
-|| This is Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay, singing off.
+|| This is Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay, signing off.
 Thank you for joining.

@@ Line 198: / Line 198: @@
 |-
-|| Point to the drop down list.
+|| Point to the drop-down list.
 Point to '''Pumpkin'''.
-| | A drop down list is provided to select the projectiles.
+| | A drop-down list is provided to select the projectiles.
 By default '''Pumpkin''' is selected as a projectile.
@@ Line 216: / Line 216: @@
 |-
-|| Click on the drop down list of projectiles.
+|| Click on the drop-down list of projectiles.
 Select '''Human''' projectile.
@@ Line 255: / Line 255: @@
 '''Tabular Column'''
-|| Let us make tabular column for '''Cannon's Angle, Time Range''' and ''' Height'''.
+|| Let us make tabular column for '''Cannon's Angle, Time, Range''' and ''' Height'''.
-I will entered the values for 10 degrees angle.
+I will enter the values for 10 degrees angle.
 |-
 || Drag the probe.
@@ Line 268: / Line 268: @@
 Launch the projectile and observe the trajectory.
 |-
-|| Drag and place the probe on highest point.
+|| Drag and place the probe on the highest point.
 Note the values in the table.
@@ Line 293: / Line 293: @@
 |-
-|| Point to the target on the base line.
+|| Point to the target on the baseline.
-Drag the target on the base line.
+Drag the target on the baseline.
-|| Adjust the target on the base line so that projectile falls on the target.
+|| Adjust the target on the baseline so that projectile falls on the target.
 |-
 || Click on '''Launch'''  icon.
@@ Line 317: / Line 317: @@
 || Drag the '''Initial Speed''' slider to 20 m/s and launch the projectile.
-Notice that, projectile moves faster and falls at a greater distance on the base line.
+Notice that, projectile moves faster and falls at a greater distance on the baseline.
 |-
@@ Line 378: / Line 378: @@
 Click on '''Vectors''' screen.
-|| Next we will move on to''' Vectors''' screen.
+|| Next we will move on to ''' Vectors''' screen.
 Click on '''Vectors''' screen.
 |-
 ||
-|| In this screen we will explore,
+|| In this screen, we will explore,
 how velocity, acceleration and force are affected by air resistance.
@@ Line 411: / Line 411: @@
 || Uncheck '''Air Resistance''' checkbox and launch the projectile.
-Without air resistance projectile moves to a greater altitude and longer distance .
+Without air resistance projectile moves to a greater altitude and longer distance.
 |-
 || Point to the check boxes.
@@ Line 422: / Line 422: @@
 Cursor on the trajectory.
-|| Now click on the following check boxes-
+|| Now click on the following checkboxes-
 '''Velocity Vectors'''
@@ Line 436: / Line 436: @@
 |-
 || Cursor on Drag screen.
-|| Next we will move on to''' Drag''' screen.
+|| Next we will move on to ''' Drag''' screen.
 |-
@@ Line 483: / Line 483: @@
 || Drag the '''Initial Speed''' slider to 14 m/s.
-Drag Drag Coefficient to 0.45.
+Drag Coefficient to 0.45.
 Click on Zoom button(+)
@@ Line 514: / Line 514: @@
 Observe the trajectory.
 |-
-|| Drag and place the measuring tape at the base line till the projectile touches the ground.
+|| Drag and place the measuring tape at the baseline till the projectile touches the ground.
 || Using measuring tape measure the distance covered by the projectile.
@@ Line 525: / Line 525: @@
 || Click on '''Lab''' screen.
-In this screen we have a list of projectiles.
+In this screen, we have a list of projectiles.
 |-
-|| Point to '''Custom'''>>Select '''Custom'''.
+|| Point to '''Custom''' >> Select '''Custom'''.
@@ Line 559: / Line 559: @@
 Click on edit button corresponding to '''Gravity'''.
-A key pad opens.
+A keypad opens.
 Select 15 and click '''Enter'''.
@@ Line 578: / Line 578: @@
 |-
 || Drag and place on the highest point.
-|| Drag and place the probe to measure the Highest point.
+|| Drag and place the probe to measure the highest point.
 |-
@@ Line 616: / Line 616: @@
 ||Investigated the variables that affect the drag force.
-Examined the effect of drag force on the velocity and acceleration.
+Examined the effect of drag force on velocity and acceleration.
 |-
 || '''Slide Number 19'''

@@ Line 661: / Line 661: @@
 '''Acknowledgement'''
-| | Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
+|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
 More information on this mission is available at this link.