Nancyvarkey: Created page with "{|border=1 ||'''Time''' ||'''Narration''' |- |00:01 | Welcome to this '''spoken tutorial''' on '''States of Matter Simulation'''. |- |00:06 | In this tutorial, we will le..."

2022-08-12T10:03:33Z

Created page with "{|border=1 ||'''Time''' ||'''Narration''' |- |00:01 | Welcome to this '''spoken tutorial''' on '''States of Matter Simulation'''. |- |00:06 | In this tutorial, we will le..."

New page

{|border=1
||'''Time'''
||'''Narration'''

|-
|00:01
| Welcome to this '''spoken tutorial''' on '''States of Matter Simulation'''.

|-
|00:06
| In this tutorial, we will learn about '''States of Matter''', an interactive '''PhET simulation'''.

|-
|00:13
| To follow this tutorial, learners should be familiar with topics in high school science.

|-
|00:20
| Here I am using-

'''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version 14.04

'''Java''' version 1.7.0

'''Firefox Web Browser''' version 53.02.2

|-
|00:37
| Using this '''Simulation''', students will be able to:

1. Describe the characteristics of states of matter.

2. Predict how change in temperature or pressure changes the behavior of particles.

3. Study melting, freezing and boiling points of different substances.

|-
|00:58
|4. Compare particles in three different phases.

|-
|01:02
|5. Compare interactions between particles in solids, liquids and gases.

|-
|01:09
|6. Study the relation between temperature and '''kinetic energy''' of molecules.

|-
|01:15
| Matter around us exists in 3 states- solid, liquid and gas.

|-
|01:22
| These states arise due to intermolecular forces between the particles.

Change of state occurs on the application of heat and pressure.

|-
|01:34
| Now let us begin the '''simulation'''.

|-
|01:37
| Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''.
'''http://phet.colorado.edu'''

|-
|01:42
| I have already downloaded '''States of Matter simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.

|-
|01:49
| To open the simulation, right click on '''States-of-Matter''' html file.
Select '''Open with Firefox Web Browser''' option.

|-
|02:00
| File opens in the browser.

|-
|02:03
| The simulation opens with 3 screens-
'''States''', '''Phase changes''' and '''Interaction'''.

|-
|02:13
| Click on '''States''' screen.

|-
|02:16
| '''Screen''' has a container filled with Neon atoms, by default.

|-
|02:22
| The container is also fitted with a thermometer.

It shows the temperature in Kelvin scale.

Click on the black arrow to see the temperature in Celsius scale.

|-
|02:36
| Below the container, there is a heat regulator to Heat or Cool the system.

|-
|02:43
| Drag and hold the '''slider''' up to heat the container.

Drag and hold the slider down to cool the container.

|-
|02:53
| On the right-side of the screen, there is a list of '''Atoms & Molecules'''.

|-
|02:59
| Below this list, there are buttons for '''Solid''', '''Liquid''' and '''Gas'''.

|-
|03:07
|There are two buttons at the bottom-left corner of the simulation.

Bigger button to '''pause''' and '''play''' the simulation.

|-
|03:16
| The smaller one to play the simulation step-wise.

'''Reset''' button is at the bottom-right corner.

|-
|03:25
|Here, we can heat or cool the atoms or molecules to see the '''phase''' change.

|-
|03:32
|Container has Neon atoms. Click on '''Solid''' button.

|-
|03:38
|Observe the '''screen'''. In solid, Neon particles are tightly packed.

|-
|03:43
| The movement of atoms is restricted. The vibrations are minimum.

|-
|03:50
|Increase the temperature by moving the slider up on the heat regulator.

|-
|03:56
|Increase the temperature up to 27 K. we can see movement in the atoms.

|-
|04:04
| It indicates that Neon is in liquid state.

Increase the temperature further. The atoms are moving freely in the container.

|-
|04:15
| Neon is in gas phase.

|-
|04:18
|In the gas phase, atoms move randomly with high speed.

|-
|04:24
| Due to this random motion, atoms hit each other and walls of the container.

|-
|04:30
| Click on '''Reset''' button to reset the simulation.

|-
|04:35
| Select '''Water''' molecules from the list.

Click on '''Solid''' button.

|-
|04:41
| Observe the temperature and movement of molecules in the container.

Again click on '''Liquid''' button and observe molecules in the container.

|-
|04:53
|Similarly click on '''Gas''' button.

Click on '''Reset''' button to reset the simulation.

|-
|05:01
|Next, click on '''Phase Changes''' screen at the bottom of the interface.

|-
|05:08
|Using this screen, we can explore how the atoms or molecules behave, when the system is heated, cooled, compressed or when more atoms are added.

|-
|05:20
|In this screen, the container is fitted with a '''pressure gauge'''.

|-
|05:25
| It is also fitted with a pump, to pump in gas atoms or molecules.

|-
|05:32
| On the right-side of the screen we can see-

1. The '''Interaction Potential curve''' or the '''Lennard-Jones potential curve''' and

2. '''Phase Diagram curve'''.

|-
|05:44
|Before you begin the experiment, note the initial pressure on the pressure gauge.

|-
|05:51
| Note the temperature on the thermometer.

Neon is in solid state, as denoted by a red dot on the '''Phase Diagram'''.

|-
|06:02
| Increase the pressure by pushing the finger down slowly.

Click on finger, hold the '''mouse''' and drag down slowly.

|-
|06:13
|Observe the temperature and pressure as the lid touches the molecules.

|-
|06:19
|As pressure increases, '''kinetic energy''' of molecules increases.

Observe the red dot on the '''Phase Diagram'''.

|-
|06:28
|Add more Neon atoms to the container by pushing the pump.

|-
|06:43
| As the collisions between particles increases, temperature and pressure increases.

Observe the '''Phase Diagram''', Neon is now in gas phase.

|-
|06:55
|At this point, if you increase the pressure the lid blows off.

This allows some of the atoms to escape out of the container.

|-
|07:06
| To replace the lid, click on yellow '''Return Lid''' button.

|-
|07:11
|Drag the temperature regulator down to cooling position.

|-
|07:16
| The temperature of the container now decreases.

Neon is now in liquid state.

Observe the pressure gauge, pressure also decreases.

|-
|07:28
| Cool the container until the phase changes to solid.

Keep track of the red dot on the '''Phase Diagram'''.

|-
|07:39
|Similarly observe the '''phase''' change for other '''Atoms''' and '''Molecules''' in the list.

|-
|07:49
|Click on the '''Interaction''' screen at the bottom of the interface.

|-
|07:54
|This screen shows a plot of '''Potential Energy''' versus '''Distance Between Atoms'''.

|-
|08:01
|Using this screen, we can show the relation between bonding distance and stability.

|-
|08:08
|Click and drag the atoms to separate them.

Drag the movable atom away from pinned atom.

|-
|08:17
|Observe the '''Potential Energy''' curve as the atoms come closer.

Potential energy varies when attractive and repulsive forces change between atoms.

|-
|08:29
|As an assignment:

|-
|08:31
|In '''Phase Changes''' screen, select '''Adjustable Attraction''' from '''Atoms & Molecules''' list.

|-
|08:38
|Use the slider to change '''Interaction Strength''' from '''weak''' to '''strong'''.

And, study the effect of temperature and pressure on these molecules.

|-
|08:50
| Using '''Phase Changes''' screen, determine which substance has strongest inter atomic or molecular forces.

|-
|08:59
|In this tutorial, we have learnt: how to use '''States of Matter''' interactive '''PhET simulation'''.

|-
|09:07
| Using this simulation, we have learnt about-

1.Characteristics of '''States of matter'''.

|-
|09:14
|2. How variation in temperature or pressure changes the behavior of particles.

|-
|09:21
| The video at the following link summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial''' project. Please download and watch it.

|-
|09:30
|The '''Spoken Tutorial''' Project team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests.
For more details, please write to us.

|-
|09:45
|Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
|09:51
|This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.

|-
|10:00
|Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by '''NMEICT, MHRD,''' Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.

|-
|10:14
|This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha Kaliappan and Meenal Ghoderao. Thank you for joining.
|-
|}

PhET-Simulations-for-Chemistry/C2/States-of-Matter/English-timed - Revision history

Nancyvarkey: Created page with "{|border=1 ||'''Time''' ||'''Narration''' |- |00:01 | Welcome to this '''spoken tutorial''' on '''States of Matter Simulation'''. |- |00:06 | In this tutorial, we will le..."