PhET-Simulations-for-Chemistry/C2/Concentration-and-Molarity/English - Revision history

Madhurig at 08:05, 20 January 2023

2023-01-20T08:05:17Z

Madhurig at 12:33, 5 January 2023

2023-01-05T12:33:41Z

Madhurig: Created page with "Keywords: PhET simulation, concentration, molarity, solutions, moles, volume, solubility, saturation, spoken tutorial, video tutorial. {|border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narr..."

2023-01-05T12:33:15Z

Created page with "Keywords: PhET simulation, concentration, molarity, solutions, moles, volume, solubility, saturation, spoken tutorial, video tutorial. {|border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narr..."

New page

Keywords: PhET simulation, concentration, molarity, solutions, moles, volume, solubility, saturation, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.

{|border=1
||'''Visual Cue'''
||'''Narration'''
|-

|| '''Slide Number 1'''

'''Title Slide'''
|| Welcome to this Spoken Tutorial on '''Concentration and Molarity'''.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 2'''

'''Learning Objectives'''

|| In this tutorial, we will learn:

* How change in concentration changes the color of the solution
* How change in volume changes the concentration of the solution
* To identify when the solution reaches the saturation point

|-
|| '''Slide Number 3'''

'''System Requirements'''
|| This tutorial is recorded using,

* macOS Catalina version 10.15.7

* Google Chrome version 101.0.49
|-
|| '''Slide Number 4'''

'''Pre-requisites'''

'''https://spoken-tutorial.org'''

|| To follow this tutorial,

Learners should be familiar with topics in basic chemistry.

Please use the link below to access the tutorials on PhET simulations.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 5'''

'''Link for PhET simulation'''

'''https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/concentration'''

'''https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/molarity'''

|| Please use the given links to download the '''PhET''' '''simulations'''.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 6'''

'''PhET simulations'''

|| In this tutorial, we will use,

'''Concentration ''' and

'''Molarity''' '''PhET simulations'''.

|-
|| Point to the simulation in the '''Downloads''' folder.

'''Concentration '''and '''Molarity''' '''simulations'''.

|| I have already downloaded the '''simulations''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.

|-
|| Point to the '''Concentration''' simulation.
|| We will begin with the '''Concentration''' simulation.

|-
|| Double click on the '''concentration_en.html''' file.
|| To open the simulation, double click on the '''concentration_en.html''' file.

The file opens in your default browser.

|-
|| Point to the simulation interface.
|| This is the interface of the '''Concentration''' simulation.

|-
|| Point to the beaker.
|| This is a graduated beaker that contains water.

|-
|| Point to the''' faucet '''on the top left.

Pull the lever to start adding water.

Leave it to stop.
|| We can add water to the beaker using the top '''faucet'''.

Pull the lever to start adding water.

Leave it to stop.

|-
|| Click the drop down arrow to show the list of solutes.

Point to the '''Drink mix'''.
|| The '''Solute''' drop down list has nine different solutes.

'''Drink mix''' is chosen by default.

|-
|| Point to the radio buttons in '''Solute '''box on the top right

Point to''' Solid '''radio button.

|| Below the list, we have '''Solid''' and '''Solution '''radio buttons.

'''Solid''' is chosen by default.
|-
|| Shake the dispenser containing the solute.
|| Let’s shake the '''Solid''' dispenser at the top to add solute in solid form.

|-
|| Select '''Solution''' radio button.
|| We can use''' Solution '''dropper to add a concentrated solution.

|-
|| Press the red button on tube containing solute
|| Press the red button on the dropper to add the solution.

|-
|| Point to the '''Concentration''' tool.
|| The '''Concentration''' tool measures the concentration of a solution in '''moles''' per''' litre'''.

|-
|| Drag the probe inside the beaker into the solution.

Point to the concentration value.

'''''(number can vary)'''''
|| Drag and place the '''probe''' inside the beaker into the solution.

Our solution has 0.575 moles of drink mix in 1 litre of solution.

|-
|| Point to the faucet on the bottom right.

Pull the lever to drain the solution.

Leave it to stop.
|| We can remove the solution from the beaker using the bottom right '''faucet'''.

Pull the lever to drain the solution.

Leave it to stop.

|-
|| Point to the '''Evaporation''' box.

Drag the slider of evaporation from ''' none ''' to '''lots '''.

Point to the water level.
|| Drag the slider to select the level of evaporation from ''' none ''' to '''lots'''.

Some amount of water will be removed from the solution.

This will not affect the solution temperature.

|-
|| Click the '''Remove Solute''' button to remove the solute.

Point to the value in the tool.
|| The '''Remove Solute''' button removes all of the solute from the solution.

Now the concentration tool reads 0.0 moles/litre.

|-
|| Click the '''reset''' button.
|| Let us reset our screen.

|-
|| Select cobalt chloride (CoCl2) from the drop down list in the '''Solute''' box.

|| Let us select cobalt chloride as solute from the drop down list.

|-
|| Shake the dispenser containing the solute.
|| Shake the dispenser a few times to add solute to the water in the beaker.

|-
|| Point to the beaker.
|| The solution turns a light red.
|-
|| Drag the probe inside the beaker into the solution.

Point to the value of concentration.

'''''(number can vary) '''''
|| Drag the probe into the solution to check the concentration.

It is 0.340 moles of cobalt chloride per litre of this solution.

|-
|| Remove solution from the beaker using the bottom right '''faucet'''.

Point to the volume of solution.

|| Remove half of the solution from the beaker using the bottom right faucet.

Now the beaker has 0.25 litres of solution.

|-
|| Point to the beaker.
|| The concentration and color remain the same.

|-
|| Add water to the beaker using the top left '''faucet'''.
|| Let’s add 0.25 litres of water to the beaker to make it 0.5 litres of solution.

|-
|| Point to the beaker.

Point to the concentration value.

'''''(number can vary)'''''

Point to the beaker.
|| The concentration decreases to 0.176 moles per litre.

This is because the solute amount is same but solution volume has increased.

The solution turns a lighter red.

|-
|| Select '''Solution''' radio button.
|| Select the Solution radio button in the Solute box.

|-
|| Press the red button on tube containing solute.

Point to the volume in the beaker.
|| Press the red button on the dropper to add solute.

Add 0.3 litres to the solution.

There is 0.8 litres of solution in the beaker after this.

|-
|| Point to the beaker.

Point to the concentration value.

'''''(number can vary)'''.''

Point to the beaker.
|| The concentration increases to 1.634 moles per litre.

This is because the solute amount has increased.

The solution turns a darker red.

|-
|| Point to the '''Evaporation''' box.

Drag the slider from '''none''' to '''lots'''.
|| Now remove water from the solution using the slider in the '''Evaporation''' box.

Bring the solution back to the half litre mark.

|-
|| Point to the beaker.

Point to the concentration value.

'''''(number can vary)'''''
|| The concentration increases to 2.661 moles per litre.

The solution further becomes a darker red.

|-
|| Select '''Solid''' radio button.
|| Select the Solid radio button again.

|-
|| Shake the dispenser containing the solute.

Point to the solute particles at the bottom.
|| Keep adding the solute till no more of it dissolves.

The solute particles settle at the bottom of the beaker.

|-
|| Point to the beaker.

Point to the banner.
|| A banner indicating that the solution has saturated appears.

A saturated solution means the solution cannot dissolve any more of the solute.

This value is noted at a fixed temperature and pressure.

The saturation point for cobalt chloride is at 4.330 moles per litre.

|-
|| Shake the dispenser containing the solute.
|| On adding more solute, there will be no change in concentration.

Even the color remains the same.

|-
|| Click the '''reset''' button.
|| Let us reset our screen.

|-
|| Select copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) from the drop down list in the '''Solute''' box.

|| Select copper sulfate from the drop down list.

|-
|| Drag the '''probe''' inside the beaker into the solution.
|| Drag the '''probe '''inside the beaker into the solution.

|-
|| Shake the dispenser containing the solute.

Point to the solution in the beaker.
|| Once again, add solute to the solution till it saturates.

Note that the solution becomes increasingly blue.

The saturation point for copper sulfate is at 1.380 moles per litre.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 7'''

'''Assignment'''

|| Pause the tutorial and do the following assignment.

Find the molarity at the saturation point for all remaining solutes and fill this table.

|-
|| Cursor in the''' Downloads''' folder.
|| Now let us explore the Molarity simulation.

|-
|| Double click on the '''molarity_en.html''' file.
|| To open the simulation, double click on the '''molarity_en.html''' file.

The file will open in your default browser.

|-
|| Point to the simulation interface.

Point to the mic button.
|| This is the interface of the '''Molarity '''simulation.

You can adjust the simulation volume at the bottom right of the screen.

|-
|| Point to the beaker.
|| This beaker contains our solution.

|-
|| Point to the '''Solute Amount''' slider on the left.
|| Using the solute amount slider, we can select the amount of solute in moles.

It ranges from''' none '''to''' lots'''.

|-
|| Point to the '''Solution Volume''' slider.
|| Using the solution volume slider, we can select the solution volume in litres.

It ranges from '''low''' to '''full'''.

|-
|| Check the '''Solution Values''' checkbox at the bottom left.
|| Select the '''Solution Values''' checkbox.

It displays the numerical values for '''moles,''' '''Litres''' and the '''Molarity'''.

|-
|| Point to the '''Solute''' drop down list in the bottom centre.

Point to '''Drink mix'''.
|| At the bottom, is the '''Solute '''drop down list.

'''Drink mix''' is selected by default.

|-
|| Point to the '''Solution Concentration''' bar on the right.

|| The solution concentration bar on the right displays the molarity.

It ranges from zero to high.

Numerically, it ranges from 0 to 5.

It is at 1 M by default.

We have already seen how solution color changes with concentration.

The bar also reflects the same.

|-
|| Click the to the '''reset''' button.

|| Let us reset our screen.
|-
|| Select potassium chromate (K2CrO4) from the '''Solute''' drop down list.

|| Let us select '''potassium chromate''' as solute from the drop down list.

|-
|| Check the '''Solution Values''' checkbox.
|| Check the '''Solution Values''' checkbox.
|-
|| Drag the '''Solute Amount''' slider upwards to increase solute amount.
|| Drag the '''Solute Amount '''slider upwards to add more solute.

Increase it to 1 mol.

|-
|| Point to the '''Solution Concentration''' bar on the right.
|| The concentration also increases and is now 2 M as 1/0.5 is equal to 2.

|-
|| Point to the beaker.
|| The color of the solution darkens.

|-
|| Drag the '''Solution Volume''' slider upwards to increase solution volume.

|| Increase the solution volume by dragging the '''Solution Volume '''slider upwards.

Increase it to 0.75 litres.

|-
|| Point to the '''Solution Concentration''' bar on the right.
|| Observe that the concentration decreases to 1.33 M as 1/0.75 is 1.33.

This is because the amount of solute is same but solution volume has increased.

Hence, the number of moles per litre of the solution have decreased.
|-
|| Point to the beaker.
|| The color of the solution lightens.

|-
|| Drag the '''Solution Volume''' slider downwards to decrease solution volume.
|| Let us now decrease the solution volume to saturate the solution.

Drag the '''Solution Volume '''slider downwards.

At 0.298 litres, molecules of''' potassium chromate''' will stop dissolving.

|-
|| Point to the beaker.
|| Just like before, a banner indicating that the solution has saturated appears.

|-
|| Point to the '''Solution Concentration''' bar on the right.
|| The concentration increased to 3.350 M as 1/0.298 is equal to 3.35.

The number of moles have remained the same but solution volume has decreased.

Hence, the number of moles per litre of the solution have increased.

|-
|| Point to the beaker.
|| The solution color has become darker again.

|-
|| Drag the '''Solution Volume''' slider downwards to decrease solution volume.
|| On decreasing the volume further crystals of '''potassium chromate''' are seen.

Here the concentration and colour of the solution remains the same.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 8'''

'''Assignment'''

|| See the following table.

It contains all the solutes given in the simulation.

As an assignment,

Use the given values to calculate concentration.

Then verify the result using the molarity simulation.

|-
|| Only Narration.
|| With this, we have come to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarise.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 9'''

'''Summary'''
|| In this tutorial, we have learnt,

* How change in concentration changes the color of the solution
* How change in volume changes the concentration of the solution
* To identify when the solution reaches the saturation point

|-
|| '''Slide Number 10'''

'''About the Spoken Tutorial project'''
|| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 11'''

'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
|| The Spoken Tutorial Project team:

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 12'''

'''Forum for specific questions'''

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site.

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer.

You will have to register to ask questions.

|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 13'''

'''Acknowledgement'''

|| The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education, Government of India.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 14'''

'''Thank you'''
|| This is Radhika Yadav, a FOSSEE summer fellow 2022, IIT Bombay signing off.

Thanks for joining.
|-
|}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Keywords: PhET simulation, concentration, molarity, solutions, moles, volume, solubility, saturation, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.
+Title of script: Concentration and Molarity
@@ Line 34: / Line 37: @@
 * Google Chrome version 101.0.49
 |-
 || '''Slide Number 4'''
@@ Line 48: / Line 52: @@
-Please use the link below to access the tutorials on PhET simulations.
+Please use the link below to access the tutorials on '''PhET simulations'''.
-−
 |-
@@ Line 75: / Line 78: @@
 '''Concentration ''' and
-'''Molarity''' '''PhET simulations'''.
+'''Molarity PhET simulations'''.
 |-
@@ Line 194: / Line 197: @@
-Now the concentration tool reads 0.0 moles/litre.
+Now the concentration tool reads 0.0 moles per litre.
 |-
@@ Line 261: / Line 264: @@
 |-
 || Select '''Solution''' radio button.
-|| Select the Solution radio button in the Solute box.
+|| Select the Solution radio button in the '''Solute''' box.
 |-
@@ Line 334: / Line 337: @@
 |-
 || Shake the dispenser containing the solute.
-|| On adding more solute, there will be no change in concentration.
+|| On adding more solute, there will be no change in the concentration.
 Even the color remains the same.
@@ Line 344: / Line 347: @@
 |-
 || Select copper (II) sulfate (CuSO<sub>4</sub>) from the drop down list in the '''Solute''' box.
 || Select copper sulfate from the drop down list.
@@ Line 369: / Line 371: @@
 || Pause the tutorial and do the following assignment.
-Find the molarity at the saturation point for all remaining solutes and fill this table.
+Find the molarity at the saturation point for all the remaining solutes and fill this table.
@@ Line 388: / Line 390: @@
 Point to the mic button.
-|| This is the interface of the '''Molarity '''simulation.
+|| This is the interface of the '''Molarity ''' simulation.
@@ Line 399: / Line 401: @@
 |-
 || Point to the '''Solute Amount''' slider on the left.
-|| Using the solute amount slider, we can select the amount of solute in moles.
+|| Using the '''Solute Amount''' slider, we can select the amount of solute in moles.
 It ranges from''' none '''to''' lots'''.
@@ Line 405: / Line 407: @@
 |-
 || Point to the '''Solution Volume''' slider.
-|| Using the solution volume slider, we can select the solution volume in litres.
+|| Using the '''Solution Volume''' slider, we can select the solution volume in litres.
 It ranges from '''low''' to '''full'''.
@@ Line 454: / Line 456: @@
 |-
 || Drag the '''Solute Amount''' slider upwards to increase solute amount.
-|| Drag the '''Solute Amount '''slider upwards to add more solute.
+|| Drag the '''Solute Amount ''' slider upwards to add more solute.
@@ Line 470: / Line 472: @@
 || Drag the '''Solution Volume''' slider upwards to increase solution volume.
-|| Increase the solution volume by dragging the '''Solution Volume '''slider upwards.
+|| Increase the solution volume by dragging the '''Solution Volume ''' slider upwards.
 Increase it to 0.75 litres.
@@ Line 522: / Line 524: @@
-Here the concentration and colour of the solution remains the same.
+Here the concentration and colour of the solution remain the same.
@@ Line 539: / Line 541: @@
 Use the given values to calculate concentration.
-Then verify the result using the molarity simulation.
+Then verify the result using the '''Molarity''' simulation.
 |-

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	Keywords: PhET simulation, concentration, molarity, solutions, moles, volume, solubility, saturation, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.		Keywords: PhET simulation, concentration, molarity, solutions, moles, volume, solubility, saturation, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.
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