PhET-Simulations-for-Biology/C3/Natural-Selection/English-timed - Revision history

Nancyvarkey: Nancyvarkey moved page PhET/C3/Natural-Selection/English-timed to PhET-Simulations-for-Biology/C3/Natural-Selection/English-timed without leaving a redirect

2022-08-10T13:12:11Z

Nancyvarkey moved page PhET/C3/Natural-Selection/English-timed to PhET-Simulations-for-Biology/C3/Natural-Selection/English-timed without leaving a redirect

Sandhya.np14 at 11:14, 18 December 2018

2018-12-18T11:14:36Z

Show changes

Sandhya.np14 at 09:53, 18 December 2018

2018-12-18T09:53:13Z

Sandhya.np14 at 06:34, 18 December 2018

2018-12-18T06:34:50Z

PoojaMoolya: Created page with "{|border=1 ||'''Time''' ||'''Narration''' |- ||00:01 ||Welcome to this tutorial on '''Natural Selection''', an '''interactive PhET simulation'''. |- ||00:08 ||In this '''tut..."

2018-11-05T07:03:23Z

Created page with "{|border=1 ||'''Time''' ||'''Narration''' |- ||00:01 ||Welcome to this tutorial on '''Natural Selection''', an '''interactive PhET simulation'''. |- ||00:08 ||In this '''tut..."

New page

{|border=1
||'''Time'''
||'''Narration'''

|-
||00:01
||Welcome to this tutorial on '''Natural Selection''', an '''interactive PhET simulation'''.

|-
||00:08
||In this '''tutorial''', we will demonstrate, '''Natural Selection''', an '''interactive PhET simulation'''.

|-
||00:17
||Here I am using, '''Ubuntu Linux Operating System''' version 16.04

|-
||00:26
||'''Java''' version 1.8.0

|-
||00:30
||'''Firefox Web Browser''' version 60.0.2

|-
||00:35
||Learners should be familiar with biology and ecology.

|-
||00:41
||Using this '''simulation''', we will look at a population of rabbits for effects,

Of mutations and selection factors

|-
||00:52
||Of environment

On pedigree

|-
||00:55
||Let us begin.

|-
||00:58
||'''Mutations'''

Mutations are alterations in the '''nucleotide''' sequence of any genetic element.

They are passed onto offspring.

|-
||01:11
||Mutations may or may not change the observable traits or phenotype of an organism.

|-
||01:18
||Inheritance of mutations can be dominant or recessive.

|-
||01:25
||Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''.

|-
||01:30
||I have already downloaded the '''Natural Selection simulation''' to my '''Downloads folder'''.

|-
||01:37
||To open the '''jar file''', open the '''terminal'''. At the '''terminal prompt''', type '''cd Downloads''' and press '''Enter'''.

|-
||01:48
||Type '''java space hyphen jar space natural-selection_en.jar'''.

Press '''Enter'''.

|-
||02:03
||'''File''' opens in the '''browser''' in '''html format'''.

|-
||02:08
||This is the '''interface''' for the '''Natural Selection simulation'''.

|-
||02:13
||Observe the rabbit hopping in the '''simulation''' panel.

Click the '''Pause''' button at the bottom of the '''interface'''.

|-
||02:22
||Now we will explore the '''interface'''.

|-
||02:25
||The '''interface''' has: '''Simulation''' panel

|-
||02:29
||On the left side, '''Add Mutation'''

'''Edit Genes'''

|-
||02:35
||In the middle, '''Graph'''

'''Time until next generation''' progress bar

|-
||02:42
||'''Play/Pause button, Step button'''

|-
||02:46
||On the right side, '''Selection Factor'''

'''Environment'''

'''Chart'''

|-
||02:54
||Clicking on the '''Reset All button''' takes you back to the starting point.

|-
||02:59
||Let us keep the default settings: '''None''' for '''Selection Factor'''

'''Equator''' for '''Environment'''

'''Population''' for '''Chart'''

|-
||03:11
||Observe the '''Population versus Time''' graph.

|-
||03:15
||It shows the number of rabbits along the y axis and time on the x axis.

|-
||03:22
||Click '''Play button''' at the bottom of the '''interface'''.

|-
||03:26
||In the graph, observe how the black line moves to the right.

|-
||03:31
||Keep clicking on the '''Step button''' to move the '''simulation''' along faster.

|-
||03:37
||If there are no rabbits left, you will see a '''Game Over pop-up box''' like this.

The text will read “'''All of the bunnies died!”'''

|-
||03:48
||Click on the '''Play Again button''' to resume the '''simulation'''.

|-
||03:53
||Click on '''Add a Friend''' to add another rabbit to the '''simulation'''.

|-
||03:58
||Click on '''Pause''' at the bottom of the interface.

|-
||04:03
||'''Generations of Progeny'''

|-
||04:06
||Observe the labels on the right and roman numerals on the left of each row.

Generation '''P''' is shown in row I (one).

|-
||04:17
||The '''F1''' generation in row II (two) is made up of the progeny or children of generation P.

And so on until row V (five).

|-
||04:30
||We will allow the population to grow until '''F3'''. This would be three steps after the mating pair.

|-
||04:41
||Click '''Play''' at the bottom of the interface.

|-
||04:45
||Note how the progress bar is full when a new generation begins.

|-
||04:52
||The '''progress bar''' starts moving to the left as a generation starts growing.

|-
||04:58
||Click '''Pause''' button.

|-
||05:01
||Click the second button at the top left corner of the graph to '''zoom out'''.

|-
||05:08
||You can now see the height of the next step.

|-
||05:12
||The black line shows the total number of rabbits in the graph.

|-
||05:17
||Under '''Selection Factor''', click the '''Food radio button'''.

|-
||05:22
||Under '''Add Mutation''', click the '''Long Teeth button'''.

|-
||05:27
||A '''text-box''', “'''Mutation coming'''” appears at the bottom of the '''simulation''' panel.

|-
||05:33
||Note the yellow triangle with the lightning inside.

|-
||05:37
||This indicates a mutation. You can see a picture of long teeth in the text-box.

|-
||05:45
||Under '''Edit Genes''', the rows next to the '''Teeth''' label have become active.

|-
||05:52
||The '''radio buttons''' can now be clicked.

|-
||05:56
||For each row, two options appear under the '''Dominant''' and '''Recessive columns'''.

|-
||06:03
||To the left of each row are the pictures of long and short teeth.

|-
||06:09
||Default selections are dominant mutation for long teeth and recessive for short teeth.

|-
||06:17
||Observe the '''progress bar''' and the graph after the mutation has been added.

|-
||06:22
||Let us allow the population to grow for another three generations after the mutation.

Keep clicking on the '''Step button'''.

|-
||06:33
||The interval between two narrow steps in the graph corresponds to a generation.

|-
||06:41
||Click on the second '''Zoom Out button''' in the graph until you see the steps.

|-
||06:47
||Observe how differently coloured lines appear in the graph after mutation and food selection.

|-
||06:56
||Note that the timing of mutations and selection factors will affect population growth.

|-
||07:03
||The legend below the graph gives the different colours and what they mean.

|-
||07:09
||We introduced a dominant mutation for long teeth.

|-
||07:14
||Let us look at the magenta line for long teeth, the olive line for short teeth.

|-
||07:23
||Initially, the olive line is above the magenta line.

The number of short-toothed rabbits is higher than that of the long-toothed rabbits.

|-
||07:36
||Later, the magenta line is above the olive line.

|-
||07:41
||The number of long-toothed rabbits has increased relative to the short-toothed ones.

|-
||07:49
||This means that long teeth help rabbits survive by eating the available food.

|-
||07:57
||'''Fur Mutation'''. Set up conditions to study effects of a fur mutation on survival of rabbits.

|-
||08:06
||Keep brown fur as the dominant mutation and white fur as the recessive mutation.

|-
||08:13
||Choose wolves as the selection factor.

|-
||08:17
||Allow the population to grow for another 3 generations after the mutation.

|-
||08:25
||Observe how the wolves move in and out, killing the rabbits.

|-
|| 08:31
||Brown rabbits begin to appear after the mutation was introduced.

|-
|| 08:37
||Note that we are still looking at effects of the dominant long teeth mutation besides brown fur.

|-
||08:46
||Compare numbers of rabbits having white and brown fur in the graph and '''simulation''' panel.

|-
||08:55
||Initially, there are more white rabbits than brown rabbits.

|-
||09:02
||Later, the number of brown rabbits has increased relative to white ones.

|-
||09:10
||At the equator, with wolves killing the rabbits, brown fur is an advantage for survival.

|-
|| 09:18
||This strategy to blend with the environment is called '''camouflage'''.

|-
||09:24
||What can you say about the numbers of long and short-toothed rabbits?

|-
|| 09:31
||Sometimes a mutation changes the phenotype of all rabbits.

|-
|| 09:37
||If so, the graph will not compare the mutation versus the wild type (unmutated) phenotypes.

|-
|| 09:45
||Here, there are more long-toothed rabbits than short-toothed ones.

|-
||09:53
||'''Tail Mutation'''

Set up conditions to study effects of a tail mutation on survival of rabbits.

|-
|| 10:02
||Keep long tail as the dominant mutation and short tail as the recessive mutation.

|-
|| 10:09
||Choose wolves as the selection factor.

|-
|| 10:13
||Allow the population to grow for another 3 generations after the mutation.

|-
||10:20
||Keep clicking on the '''Step button''' to move the '''simulation''' along faster.

|-
||10:28
||Click on the 2nd '''Zoom Out button'''.

|-
||10:31
||Note the number of rabbits with brown fur, long teeth and short tails.

|-
|| 10:38
||It is higher than that of rabbits with white fur, short teeth and long tails.

|-
||10:49
||Brown fur and short tails help escape from wolves.

|-
|| 10:55
||Long teeth help survival by making it easier to eat vegetation.

|-
||11:01
||Under '''Chart''', click '''Pedigree'''.

|-
||11:04
||Note the text, “'''Click a Bunny'''” at the top.

|-
|| 11:08
||Let us click on the rabbit at the left bottom corner of the '''simulation''' panel.

|-
|| 11:16
||Observe how the selected rabbit is framed inside a blue rectangle.

|-
||11:22
||The '''pedigree chart''' appears for the rabbit framed in the blue rectangle.

|-
||11:28
||Click on the top right '''button''' in the '''Pedigree''' window.

|-
||11:33
||The '''Pedigree''' window is separated and the '''Population''' chart appears behind it.

|-
|| 11:41
||We can now resize the '''Pedigree''' window.

|-
||11:46
||Note the color of the previous four generations of rabbits above the selected rabbit.

|-
|| 11:54
||Red crosses on the rabbits indicate that they are dead.

|-
|| 11:59
||The yellow triangle with the lightning symbol inside indicates a mutation.

|-
|| 12:06
||It shows that that rabbit underwent a mutation so its genotype and phenotype changed.

|-
||12:14
||'''Pedigree''' analysis allows study of inheritance of genes based on data about phenotypes.

|-
||12:23
||Click repeatedly on the '''Step''' button.

Rabbits can be seen all over the continents on the planet Earth.

|-
||12:33
||Observe the caption, “'''Bunnies have taken over the world!'''”

|-
|| 12:38
||These are the long-term effects of the '''simulation''' under these conditions.

|-
||12:44
||Do refer to '''Additional material''' provided with this '''tutorial'''.

|-
||12:50
||Let us summarize.

|-
||12:52
||In this '''tutorial''', we have demonstrated how to use the '''Natural Selection PhET simulation'''.

|-
||13:00
||Using this '''simulation''', we looked at a population of rabbits for effects:

Of mutations and selection factors

Of environment

On pedigree

|-
||13:13
||As an '''assignment''', observe the rabbits: For effects of mutations and selection factors in '''Arctic''' environment

|-
|| 13:23
||After switching mutations from dominant to recessive and ''vice versa''.

For changes in '''pedigree''' under different conditions

|-
||13:34
||The video at the following link summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial project'''.

Please download and watch it

|-
||13:43
||The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team conducts workshops using '''spoken tutorials''' and gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

|-
||13:55
||Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
||13:59
||This project is partially funded by '''Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching'''.

|-
||14:08
||'''Spoken Tutorial Project''' is funded by '''NMEICT, MHRD''', Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.

|-
||14:21
||This is '''Vidhya Iyer''' from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off.

Thank you for joining.
|-
|}

← Older revision	Revision as of 13:12, 10 August 2022
(No difference)

@@ Line 129: / Line 129: @@
 |-
 ||02:59
-||Let us keep the default settings: '''None''' for '''Selection Factor'''
+||Let us keep the default settings: '''None''' for '''Selection Factor''',
-'''Equator''' for '''Environment'''
+'''Equator''' for '''Environment''',
-'''Population''' for '''Chart'''
+'''Population''' for '''Chart'''.
 |-
 ||03:11
-||Observe the '''Population versus Time''' graph.
+||Observe the '''Population''' versus '''Time''' graph.
 |-
 ||03:15
-||It shows the number of rabbits along the y axis and time on the x axis.
+||It shows the number of rabbits along the y-axis and '''time''' on the x-axis.
 |-
 ||03:22
-||Click '''Play button''' at the bottom of the '''interface'''.
+||Click '''Play''' button at the bottom of the '''interface'''.
 |-
@@ Line 153: / Line 153: @@
 |-
 ||03:31
-||Keep clicking on the '''Step button''' to move the '''simulation''' along faster.
+||Keep clicking on the '''Step''' button to move the '''simulation''' along faster.
 |-
 ||03:37
-||If there are no rabbits left, you will see a '''Game Over pop-up box''' like this.
+||If there are no rabbits left, you will see a ''''Game Over' pop-up box''' like this.
 The text will read “'''All of the bunnies died!”'''
@@ Line 163: / Line 163: @@
 |-
 ||03:48
-||Click on the '''Play Again button''' to resume the '''simulation'''.
+||Click on the '''Play Again''' button to resume the '''simulation'''.
 |-
@@ Line 175: / Line 175: @@
 |-
 ||04:03
-||'''Generations of Progeny'''
+||'''Generations of Progeny'''..
 |-
 ||04:06
-||Observe the labels on the right and roman numerals on the left of each row.
+||Observe the labels on the right and Roman numerals on the left of each row.
 Generation '''P''' is shown in row I (one).

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 |-
 ||00:01
-||Welcome to this tutorial on '''Natural Selection''', an '''interactive PhET simulation'''.
+||Welcome to this tutorial on '''Natural Selection''', an interactive '''PhET simulation'''.
 |-
 ||00:08
-||In this '''tutorial''', we will demonstrate, '''Natural Selection''', an '''interactive PhET simulation'''.
+||In this '''tutorial''', we will demonstrate '''Natural Selection''', an interactive '''PhET simulation'''.
 |-
 ||00:17
-||Here I am using, '''Ubuntu Linux Operating System''' version 16.04
+||Here, I am using: '''Ubuntu Linux Operating System''' version 16.04,
 |-
 ||00:26
-||'''Java''' version 1.8.0
+||'''Java''' version 1.8.0,
 |-
 ||00:30
-||'''Firefox Web Browser''' version 60.0.2
+||'''Firefox Web Browser''' version 60.0.2.
 |-
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 |-
 ||00:41
-||Using this '''simulation''', we will look at a population of rabbits for effects,
+||Using this '''simulation''', we will look at a population of rabbits for effects:
-Of mutations and selection factors
+Of mutations and selection factors,
 |-
 ||00:52
-||Of environment
+||Of environment,
-On pedigree
+On pedigree.
 |-
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 |-
 ||00:58
-||'''Mutations'''
+||'''Mutations'''-
-Mutations are alterations in the '''nucleotide''' sequence of any genetic element.
+Mutations are alterations in the '''nucleotide sequence''' of any genetic element.
 They are passed onto offspring.
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 |-
 ||01:11
-||Mutations may or may not change the observable traits or phenotype of an organism.
+||Mutations may or may not change the observable traits or '''phenotype''' of an organism.
 |-
@@ Line 61: / Line 61: @@
 |-
 ||01:25
-||Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''.
+||Use the given '''link''' to download the '''simulation'''.
 |-
@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 |-
 ||01:37
-||To open the '''jar file''', open the '''terminal'''. At the '''terminal prompt''', type '''cd Downloads''' and press '''Enter'''.
+||To open the '''jar file''', open the '''terminal'''. At the '''terminal prompt''', type: '''cd Downloads''' and press '''Enter'''.
 |-
 ||01:48
-||Type '''java space hyphen jar space natural-selection_en.jar'''.
+||Type: '''java space hyphen jar space natural-selection_en.jar'''.
 Press '''Enter'''.
@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 |-
 ||02:03
-||'''File''' opens in the '''browser''' in '''html format'''.
+||File opens in the '''browser''' in ''''html' format'''.
 |-
@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 |-
 ||02:25
-||The '''interface''' has: '''Simulation''' panel
+||The '''interface''' has '''Simulation''' panel;
 |-
 ||02:29
-||On the left side, '''Add Mutation'''
+||On the left side, '''Add Mutation''',
-'''Edit Genes'''
+'''Edit Genes''',
 |-
 ||02:35
-||In the middle, '''Graph'''
+||in the middle- '''Graph''',
-'''Time until next generation''' progress bar
+'''Time until next generation''' progress bar,
 |-
 ||02:42
-||'''Play/Pause button, Step button'''
+||'''Play/Pause button, Step button''',
 |-
 ||02:46
-||On the right side, '''Selection Factor'''
+||on the right side, '''Selection Factor''',
-'''Environment'''
+'''Environment''',
-'''Chart'''
+'''Chart'''.
 |-