PhET/C3/Rutherford-Scattering/English-timed - Revision history

Sandhya.np14 at 18:08, 13 August 2018

2018-08-13T18:08:44Z

Sandhya.np14 at 18:07, 13 August 2018

2018-08-13T18:07:46Z

Sandhya.np14 at 14:29, 13 August 2018

2018-08-13T14:29:15Z

Madhurig at 12:37, 8 August 2018

2018-08-08T12:37:31Z

PoojaMoolya: Created page with "{|border=1 ||'''Time''' ||'''Narration''' |- || 00:01 || Welcome to this tutorial on '''Rutherford Scattering simulation'''. |- ||00:06 || In this tutorial we will, Demonstr..."

2018-08-01T05:34:43Z

Created page with "{|border=1 ||'''Time''' ||'''Narration''' |- || 00:01 || Welcome to this tutorial on '''Rutherford Scattering simulation'''. |- ||00:06 || In this tutorial we will, Demonstr..."

New page

{|border=1
||'''Time'''
||'''Narration'''

|-
|| 00:01
|| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Rutherford Scattering simulation'''.

|-
||00:06
|| In this tutorial we will, Demonstrate '''Rutherford Scattering''', '''PhET simulation'''.

|-
|| 00:13
|| Here I am using- Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04

|-
|| 00:20
||Java version 1.7.0

|-
|| 00:25
||Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2

|-
|| 00:31
|| To follow this tutorial, Learner should be familiar with topics in high school science.

|-
|| 00:39
|| Using this '''simulation''' we will learn, About '''Plum pudding''' and '''Rutherford''' atomic models.

|-
|| 00:48
||To visualise the '''Rutherford gold foil''' experiment.

|-
|| 00:52
||About behaviour of '''alpha''' particles.

|-
|| 00:56
||To identify the factors that affect the deflection of '''alpha''' particles.

|-
|| 01:02
|| Now let us start the demonstration.

|-
|| 01:06
|| Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''.

|-
|| 01:11
|| I have already downloaded '''Rutherford Scattering simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.

|-
|| 01:18
|| To open the '''simulation''', right click on '''Rutherford Scattering''' html file.

|-
|| 01:26
||Select '''Open with Firefox Web Browser''' option.

|-
|| 01:30
||File opens in the browser.

|-
|| 01:33
|| This is the interface of '''Rutherford Scattering simulation'''.

|-
|| 01:38
|| The interface has 2 screens- '''Rutherford Atom''' , '''Plum Pudding Atom'''

|-
|| 01:45
|| Lets begin with '''Plum Pudding Atom''' screen.

|-
|| 01:49
||J. J. Thomson proposed '''Plum Pudding''' atomic model.

|-
|| 01:53
||This model was proposed before '''Rutherford's atomic''' model.

|-
|| 01:58
|| Click on '''Plum Pudding Atom''' screen to open it.

|-
|| 02:02
|| Left side of the screen has experimental set up for '''Plum Pudding''' atomic model.

|-
|| 02:09
|| It consists of thin sheet of a metal above the '''Alpha Particles''' source.

|-
|| 02:15
|| Center of the screen has '''view box'''.

|-
|| 02:19
||It shows a single atom with '''3 into 10 to the power of -10 meter atomic scale'''.

|-
|| 02:26
|| In the atom, Red portion represents the positive charge, which is uniformly distributed.

|-
|| 02:33
||Small blue spheres represent electrons, which are embedded in the atom.

|-
|| 02:39
||There is no separation between positive charge and electrons in the atom.

|-
|| 02:44
|| Screen on the right side shows 2 boxes, '''Legend''' and '''Alpha particle'''.

|-
|| 02:53
|| '''Legend''' box helps to identify the key components of the atom.

|-
|| 02:58
|| '''Alpha Particle''' box consists of, An '''Energy''' slider to change the energy of incoming alpha particles.

|-
|| 03:06
||'''Traces''' checkbox to show an '''alpha''' particle's trajectory.

|-
|| 03:11
||Check the '''Traces''' checkbox.

|-
|| 03:14
|| Bottom of the screen we have, '''Play'''/'''Pause''' button

|-
|| 03:19
||'''Step''' button and '''Reset''' button.

|-
|| 03:23
|| To turn on the '''Alpha Particles''' source, click on the blue button.

|-
|| 03:28
|| Notice that '''alpha''' particles beam strikes the thin metal foil.

|-
|| 03:33
|| Observe the path of '''alpha''' particles inside the atom.

|-
|| 03:37
|| All the '''alpha''' particles pass through the atom undeflected.

|-
|| 03:42
|| This is because electrons are distributed evenly throughout the atom.

|-
|| 03:47
||The magnitude of negative and positive charges inside the atom is equal.

|-
|| 03:53
||This gives the most stable electrostatic arrangement.

|-
|| 03:57
||Therefore it makes an atom electrically neutral.

|-
|| 04:01
|| '''Plum Pudding''' model was able to explain overall neutrality of the atom.

|-
|| 04:07
|| '''Plum Pudding''' model of an atom failed to explain,

The stability of an atom

|-
|| 04:15
|| Position of the nucleus in an atom

|-
|| 04:19
|| '''Plum Pudding''' model could not account for the atomic structure.

|-
|| 04:24
||But it provided the base, for the development of other atomic structure models.

|-
|| 04:31
|| Let's move on to '''Rutherford Atom''' screen.

|-
|| 04:35
|| Click on '''Rutherford Atom''' screen to open it.

|-
|| 04:39
|| '''Rutherford Atom''' screen helps to visualise the rutherford's gold foil experiment.

|-
||04:45
|| '''Rutherford Atom''' screen has same tools as that of '''Plum Pudding''' atom screen.

|-
|| 04:51
||Additionally there is an '''Atom''' box below '''Alpha Particle''' box.

|-
||04:56
|| '''Atom''' box consists of, '''Protons''' and '''Neutrons''' sliders to change the composition of the nucleus.

|-
|| 05:04
||Here number of '''protons''' and '''neutrons''' is equal to that of gold atom.

|-
|| 05:09
|| At the center of the screen, you will see a box.

|-
|| 05:13
||It represents a zoom in view of different atoms in the gold foil.

|-
|| 05:19
|| Left side of the screen has 2 model views.

|-
|| 05:23
||They are '''atomic view''' and '''nuclear view'''.

|-
|| 05:27
|| By default '''atomic view''' is selected.

|-
|| 05:31
||'''Atomic view''' gives an idea about, the behaviour of '''alpha''' particles as they travel through the atom.

|-
|| 05:38
|| Click on blue button to turn on the''' Alpha particles''' source.

|-
|| 05:43
||Notice that '''alpha''' particles beam strikes the thin gold foil.

|-
|| 05:48
|| Check the '''Traces''' checkbox to see the trajectories of '''alpha''' particles.

|-
|| 05:54
|| Observe the traces of '''alpha''' particles as they approach the nuclei of the atoms.

|-
||06:00
|| Now pause the '''simulation''' and click on '''Step''' button.

|-
|| 06:06
|| Here, Most '''alpha''' particles are undeflected.

|-
|| 06:11
||Some of the '''alpha''' particles are slightly deflected.

|-
|| 06:15
||A very few '''alpha''' particles bounce back, that is deflected by nearly 180°.

|-
|| 06:22
|| Let's see the behaviour of '''alpha''' particles in '''nuclear view'''.

|-
|| 06:27
||Click on '''nuclear view'''.

|-
|| 06:29
||Notice that in '''zoom in view''', atoms are replaced by a single nucleus.

|-
|| 06:35
|| Now play the '''simulation'''.

|-
|| 06:38
|| Observe the deflections of '''alpha''' particles as they approach the nucleus.

|-
||06:44
|| Here n/p ratio for the gold atom is 1.5. Therefore '''alpha''' particles show a large deflection.

|-
|| 06:53
|| Let's study the factors that affect the scattering of '''alpha''' particles.

|-
|| 06:59
|| Drag the '''Energy''' slider towards '''minium'''.

|-
|| 07:03
||Observe that, angles of deflection increases with the decrease in energy.

|-
|| 07:09
|| Next we will see, how change in composition of nucleus, affects scattering of '''alpha''' particles.

|-
|| 07:16
|| Lets start with small nucleus with few number of '''protons''' and '''neutrons'''.

|-
|| 07:22
||Drag the '''Energy''' slider back to its default position.

|-
|| 07:27
|| Then drag the '''Protons''' and '''Neutrons''' sliders towards '''20'''.

|-
|| 07:32
||Size of the nucleus becomes small.

|-
|| 07:35
|| Observe the angles of deflection of '''alpha''' particles.

|-
|| 07:39
||Angle of deflection decreases with the decrease in protons and neutrons number.

|-
|| 07:45
|| Here atom is stable as n /p ratio is 1.

|-
|| 07:50
|| Observe that, '''alpha''' particles far from the nucleus have almost no detectable deflection.

|-
|| 07:57
||While the '''alpha''' particles that are close to the nucleus are deflected.

|-
|| 08:02
|| As an assignment, Try various combinations of protons and neutrons and check the deflections.

|-
|| 08:10
||Give an explanation for the change in the behaviour of the '''alpha''' particles.

|-
|| 08:16
|| Let us summarise.

|-
|| 08:19
|| In this tutorial we have demonstrated, How to use '''Rutherford Scattering''',''' PhET simulation'''.

|-
|| 08:28
|| Using this '''simulation''' we have learnt, About '''Plum pudding''' and '''Rutherford''' atomic models.

|-
|| 08:37
||To visualise the Rutherford gold foil experiment.

|-
|| 08:41
||About behaviour of '''alpha''' particles.

|-
|| 08:45
||To identify the factors that, affect the deflection of '''alpha''' particles.

|-
|| 08:51
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. Please download and watch it.

|-
|| 09:00
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team: conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

|-
|| 09:09
|| For more details, please write to us.

|-
|| 09:13
|| Please post your timed queries on this forum.

|-
|| 09:17
|| This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.

|-
|| 09:25
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.

|-
|| 09:38
|| This is Meenal Ghoderao from IIT Bombay.

Thank you for joining.

|}

@@ Line 364: / Line 364: @@
 |-
 || 08:02
-|| As an assignment,
+|| As an assignment, try various combinations of protons and neutrons and check the deflections.
-−
-Try various combinations of protons and neutrons and check the deflections.
 |-

@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 |-
 || 02:19
-||It shows a single atom with 3 into 10 to the power of  -10 meter atomic scale.
+||It shows a single atom with '''3 into 10 to the power of  -10 meter atomic scale'''.
 |-
 || 02:26
-|| In the atom, red portion represents the positive charge which is uniformly distributed.
+|| In the atom, red portion represents the positive '''charge''' which is uniformly distributed.
 |-
@@ Line 122: / Line 122: @@
 |-
 || 02:44
-|| Screen on the right side shows 2 boxes, '''Legend''' and '''Alpha particle'''.
+|| '''Screen''' on the right side shows 2 boxes, '''Legend''' and '''Alpha particle'''.
 |-
@@ Line 174: / Line 174: @@
 |-
 || 03:53
-||This gives the most stable electrostatic arrangement.
+||This gives the most stable '''electrostatic''' arrangement.
 |-
@@ Line 186: / Line 186: @@
 |-
 || 04:07
-|| '''Plum Pudding''' model of an atom failed to explain,
+|| '''Plum Pudding''' model of an atom failed to explain:
-The stability of an atom
+the stability of an atom,
 |-
 || 04:15
-|| Position of the nucleus in an atom
+|| position of the nucleus in an atom.
 |-
@@ Line 200: / Line 200: @@
 |-
 || 04:24
-||But it provided the base, for the development of other atomic structure models.
+||But it provided the base for the development of other atomic structure models.
 |-
@@ Line 220: / Line 220: @@
 |-
 || 04:51
-||Additionally there is an '''Atom''' box below '''Alpha Particle''' box.
+||Additionally, there is an '''Atom''' box below '''Alpha Particle''' box.
 |-
 ||04:56
-|| '''Atom''' box consists of, '''Protons''' and '''Neutrons''' sliders to change the composition of the nucleus.
+|| '''Atom''' box consists of '''Protons''' and '''Neutrons''' sliders to change the composition of the nucleus.
 |-
 || 05:04
-||Here number of '''protons''' and '''neutrons''' is equal to that of gold atom.
+||Here, number of '''protons''' and '''neutrons''' is equal to that of gold atom.
 |-
@@ Line 236: / Line 236: @@
 |-
 || 05:13
-||It represents a zoom in view of different atoms in the gold foil.
+||It represents a '''zoom in''' view of different atoms in the gold foil.
 |-
@@ Line 248: / Line 248: @@
 |-
 || 05:27
-|| By default '''atomic view''' is selected.
+|| By default, '''atomic view''' is selected.
 |-
 || 05:31
-||'''Atomic view''' gives an idea about, the behaviour of '''alpha''' particles as they travel through the atom.
+||'''Atomic view''' gives an idea about the behavior of '''alpha''' particles as they travel through the atom.
 |-
@@ Line 272: / Line 272: @@
 |-
 ||06:00
-|| Now pause the '''simulation''' and click on '''Step''' button.
+|| Now, pause the '''simulation''' and click on '''Step''' button.
 |-
@@ Line 284: / Line 284: @@
 |-
 || 06:15
-||A very few '''alpha''' particles bounce back, that is deflected by nearly 180°.
+||A very few '''alpha''' particles bounce back, that is, deflected by nearly 180°.
 |-
@@ Line 320: / Line 320: @@
 |-
 || 07:03
-||Observe that, angles of deflection increases with the decrease in energy.
+||Observe that angles of deflection increases with the decrease in energy.
 |-
 || 07:09
-|| Next we will see, how change in composition of nucleus, affects scattering of '''alpha''' particles.
+|| Next we will see, how change in composition of nucleus affects scattering of '''alpha''' particles.
 |-
 || 07:16
-|| Lets start with small nucleus with few number of '''protons''' and '''neutrons'''.
+|| Let's start with small nucleus with few number of '''protons''' and '''neutrons'''.
 |-
@@ Line 356: / Line 356: @@
 |-
 || 07:50
-|| Observe that, '''alpha''' particles far from the nucleus have almost no detectable deflection.
+|| Observe that '''alpha''' particles far from the nucleus have almost no detectable deflection.
 |-
@@ Line 378: / Line 378: @@
 |-
 || 08:19
-|| In this tutorial we have demonstrated, How to use '''Rutherford Scattering''',''' PhET simulation'''.
+|| In this tutorial, we have demonstrated how to use '''Rutherford Scattering''',''' PhET simulation'''.
 |-
 || 08:28
-|| Using this '''simulation''' we have learnt, About '''Plum pudding''' and '''Rutherford''' atomic models.
+|| Using this '''simulation''', we have learnt: about '''Plum pudding''' and '''Rutherford''' atomic models,
-−
 |-
 || 08:37
-||To visualise the Rutherford gold foil experiment.
+||to visualize the Rutherford gold foil experiment,
 |-
 || 08:41
-||About behaviour of '''alpha''' particles.
+||about behavior of '''alpha''' particles,
 |-
 || 08:45
-||To identify the factors that, affect the deflection of '''alpha''' particles.
+||to identify the factors that affect the deflection of '''alpha''' particles.
 |-
 || 08:51
-|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. Please download and watch it.
+|| The video at the following link summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial''' project. Please download and watch it.
 |-
 || 09:00
-|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team: conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
+|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests.
-−
 gives certificates on passing online tests.
 |-
@@ Line 420: / Line 417: @@
 |-
 || 09:25
-|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
+|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by '''NMEICT, MHRD,''' Government of India.
 More information on this mission is available at this link.

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 |-
 ||00:06
-|| In this tutorial we will, Demonstrate '''Rutherford Scattering''', '''PhET simulation'''.
+|| In this tutorial, we will demonstrate '''Rutherford Scattering''', '''PhET simulation'''.
 |-
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 || Here I am using-
-Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04
+'''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version 14.04,
 |-
 || 00:20
-||Java version 1.7.0
+||'''Java''' version 1.7.0,
 |-
 || 00:25
-||Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2
+||'''Firefox Web Browser''' version 53.02.2
 |-
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 |-
 || 00:39
-|| Using this '''simulation''' we will learn, About '''Plum pudding''' and '''Rutherford''' atomic models.
+|| Using this '''simulation''', we will learn: about '''Plum pudding''' and '''Rutherford''' atomic models,
 |-
 || 00:48
-||To visualise the '''Rutherford gold foil''' experiment.
+||to visualize the '''Rutherford gold foil''' experiment,
 |-
 || 00:52
-||About behaviour of '''alpha''' particles.
+||about behavior of '''alpha''' particles,
 |-
 || 00:56
-||To identify the factors that affect the deflection of '''alpha''' particles.
+||to identify the factors that affect the deflection of '''alpha''' particles.
 |-
@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 |-
 || 01:06
-|| Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''.
+|| Use the given '''link''' to download the '''simulation'''.
 |-
@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 |-
 || 01:38
-|| The interface has 2 screens- '''Rutherford Atom''' , '''Plum Pudding Atom'''
+|| The interface has 2 '''screen'''s- '''Rutherford Atom''', '''Plum Pudding Atom'''.
 |-
 || 01:45
-|| Lets begin with '''Plum Pudding Atom''' screen.
+|| Let's begin with '''Plum Pudding Atom''' screen.
 |-
@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 |-
 || 02:26
-|| In the atom, red portion represents the positive charge, which is uniformly distributed.
+|| In the atom, red portion represents the positive charge which is uniformly distributed.
 |-
 || 02:33
-||Small blue spheres represent electrons, which are embedded in the atom.
+||Small blue spheres represent electrons which are embedded in the atom.
 |-
@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
 |-
 || 02:58
-|| '''Alpha Particle''' box consists of, An '''Energy''' slider to change the energy of incoming alpha particles.
+|| '''Alpha Particle''' box consists of- an '''Energy''' slider to change the energy of incoming alpha particles,
 |-
@@ Line 142: / Line 142: @@
 |-
 || 03:14
-|| Bottom of the screen we have, '''Play'''/'''Pause''' button
+|| Bottom of the screen we have, '''Play'''/'''Pause''' button,
 |-
@@ Line 170: / Line 170: @@
 |-
 || 03:47
-||The magnitude of negative and positive charges inside the atom is equal.
+||The magnitude of negative and positive '''charge'''s inside the atom is equal.
 |-

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 |-
 || 00:13
-|| Here I am using- Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04
+|| Here I am using-
 |-
@@ Line 25: / Line 27: @@
 |-
 || 00:31
-|| To follow this tutorial, Learner should be familiar with topics in high school science.
+|| To follow this tutorial, learner should be familiar with topics in high school science.
 |-
@@ Line 85: / Line 87: @@
 |-
 || 01:53
-||This model was proposed before '''Rutherford's atomic''' model.
+||This model was proposed before '''Rutherford's''' atomic model.
 |-
@@ Line 105: / Line 107: @@
 |-
 || 02:19
-||It shows a single atom with '''3 into 10 to the power of  -10 meter atomic scale'''.
+||It shows a single atom with 3 into 10 to the power of  -10 meter atomic scale.
-−
 |-
 || 02:26
-|| In the atom, Red portion represents the positive charge, which is uniformly distributed.
+|| In the atom, red portion represents the positive charge, which is uniformly distributed.
 |-
@@ Line 133: / Line 134: @@
 |-
 || 03:06
-||'''Traces''' checkbox to show an '''alpha''' particle's trajectory.
+||'''Traces''' check-box to show an '''alpha''' particle's trajectory.
 |-
 || 03:11
-||Check the '''Traces''' checkbox.
+||Check the '''Traces''' check-box.
 |-
@@ Line 161: / Line 162: @@
 |-
 || 03:37
-|| All the '''alpha''' particles pass through the atom undeflected.
+|| All the '''alpha''' particles pass through the atom un-deflected.
 |-
@@ Line 231: / Line 232: @@
 |-
 || 05:09
-|| At the center of the screen, you will see a box.
+|| At the centre of the screen, you will see a box.
 |-
@@ Line 263: / Line 264: @@
 |-
 || 05:48
-|| Check the '''Traces''' checkbox to see the trajectories of '''alpha''' particles.
+|| Check the '''Traces''' check-box to see the trajectories of '''alpha''' particles.
 |-
@@ Line 315: / Line 316: @@
 |-
 || 06:59
-|| Drag the '''Energy''' slider towards '''minium'''.
+|| Drag the '''Energy''' slider towards '''minimum'''.
 |-
@@ Line 363: / Line 364: @@
 |-
 || 08:02
-|| As an assignment, Try various combinations of protons and neutrons and check the deflections.
+|| As an assignment,
 |-
@@ Line 426: / Line 429: @@
 Thank you for joining.
+|-
 |}