PhET/C3/Neuron/English - Revision history

Snehalathak at 10:13, 16 November 2018

2018-11-16T10:13:49Z

Meenalghoderao at 09:23, 16 November 2018

2018-11-16T09:23:49Z

Meenalghoderao at 09:12, 16 November 2018

2018-11-16T09:12:53Z

Meenalghoderao at 07:38, 16 November 2018

2018-11-16T07:38:32Z

Meenalghoderao at 09:27, 12 November 2018

2018-11-12T09:27:29Z

Meenalghoderao at 09:20, 12 November 2018

2018-11-12T09:20:14Z

Meenalghoderao at 09:12, 12 November 2018

2018-11-12T09:12:48Z

Meenalghoderao at 07:38, 12 November 2018

2018-11-12T07:38:02Z

Meenalghoderao: Created page with " {|border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narration''' |- |- || '''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide''' || Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Neuron PhET simulation'''...."

2018-11-05T11:35:01Z

Created page with " {|border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narration''' |- |- || '''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide''' || Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Neuron PhET simulation'''...."

New page

{|border=1
||'''Visual Cue'''
||'''Narration'''
|-

|-
|| '''Slide Number 1'''

'''Title Slide'''
|| Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Neuron PhET simulation'''.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 2'''

'''Learning Objectives'''
|| In this tutorial we will,

Demonstrate '''Neuron''', '''PhET simulation'''.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 3'''

'''System Requirement'''
|| Here I am using,

Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04

Java version 1.7.0

Firefox Web Browser Version 53.02.2

|-
|| '''Slide Number 4'''

'''Pre-requisites'''
|| To follow this tutorial,

learner should be familiar with topics in high school biology.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 5'''

'''Learning Goals'''
|| Using this '''simulation''' we will learn about,

Movement of ions across the membranes when the neuron is stimulated or at rest

Function of '''leak''' and '''gated channels'''
|-
|| '''Slide Number 6'''
'''Learning Goals'''

|| Membrane permeability

Sequence of events that generates an action potential
|-
|| '''Slide Number 7'''

'''Link for PhET simulation'''

|| Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''.

[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]

|-
|| Open '''Downloads''' folder and show.
|| I have already downloaded '''Neuron simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.

|-
|| Click on '''Neuron_en.html''' file.

Click on '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' Option.

Point to '''Neuron simulation'''.
|| To open the '''simulation''', right click on '''Neuron_en.html''' file.

Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' Option.

'''Simulation''' opens in the browser.

|-
|| Point to the '''simulation''' window.

Point to axon.

Point to axoplasm.

Point to axon membrane.

Point to ion '''channels'''.

|| The '''simulation''' window shows a cross-section of a axon.

The nerve fibre or axon is like a cylinder.

The interior of axon is filled with axoplasm.

Exterior is covered with a thin axon membrane.

Different types of ion '''channels''' are present on axon membrane.

|-
|| Pointer on the zoom slider.
|| On the top-left corner of the screen, we have a zoom slider.

This helps to see the close-up view of the membrane.

|-
|| Point to '''Legend''' box and '''Show''' box.

|| On the right-side of the interface, you will see a '''Legend''' box and '''Show''' box.

'''Legend''' box shows ions and '''channels'''.

|-
|| Point to the all check-boxes.
|| In the '''Show''' box, we have check boxes to show,

'''All Ions'''

'''Charges'''

'''Concentrations'''

'''Potential chart'''

|-
|| Show all the buttons at the bottom of the window.

|| At the bottom of the screen we have,

* a box with, '''Fast Forward''', '''Normal''' and '''Slow Motion''' radio button
* '''Rewind''', '''Play/Pause''' and '''Step''' buttons
* '''Stimulate neuron''' button and
* '''Reset''' button

|-
|| Cursor on the neuron.
|| In this '''simulation''', we will see the movement of, '''sodium''' and '''potassium''' ions across the axon membrane.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 8'''

'''About Neuron'''
|| Neurons are highly specialized cells in nervous system.

They can detect, receive and transmit different kinds of stimuli.

|-
|| Drag slider to + ve side.
|| Drag the zoom slider, to zoom-in the axon membrane.

|-
|| Point to ion '''channels'''.

Point to '''Leak channel''' and '''gated channel'''.
|| The ion '''channels''' are selectively permeable to different ions.

Here, 2 different types of ion '''channels''' are shown.

'''Leak Channel''' and '''Gated Channel'''.

|-
|| Point to '''Legend''' panel.

Point to '''sodium''' and '''potassium''', '''leak''' and '''gated channels''' in the '''Legend''' panel.
|| For reference please refer to the '''Legend''' panel on the right-side of the screen.

There are '''sodium''' and '''potassium''', '''Gated''' and '''Leak channels''' in the '''Legend''' panel.

|-
|| Point to '''leak channels'''.

Point to '''gated channels'''.
|| '''Leak''' ion '''channels''' are always open.

They are responsible for the resting membrane potential.

'''Gated Channels''' open or close in response to a stimulus.

|-
|| Click on '''Slow Motion''' radio button at the bottom of the screen.

Point to '''Sodium''' and '''potassium''' ions.

Point to the respective '''leak channels'''.
|| To observe the exchange of ions properly, keep the '''simulation''' speed slow.

Click on '''Slow Motion''' radio button at the bottom of the screen.

'''Sodium''' and '''potassium''' ions are seen continuously moving in and out of the membrane.

They move through the respective '''leak channels'''.

|-
|| In the '''Show''' box, click on '''Charges''' and '''Concentrations''' check-boxes.
|| In the '''Show''' box, check against '''Charges''' and '''Concentrations''' check-boxes.

|-
|| Point to concentrations of '''Sodium''' and '''potassium''' ions outside and inside of the membrane.

|| Note the concentrations of '''potassium''' and '''sodium''' ions, outside and inside the membrane.

Axoplasm will contain

* high concentration of '''potassium''' ions

* and low concentration of '''sodium''' ions.

|-
|| Point to concentrations outside '''Sodium''' and '''potassium''' ions.
|| The fluid outside the axon contains

* low concentration of '''potassium''' ions

* and high concentration of '''sodium''' ions.

This forms a concentration gradient across the membrane.

|-
|| Point to charges on the membrane.

|| As a result, outer surface of the membrane is positively charged.

While its inner surface becomes negatively charged.

Therefore the membrane is polarised.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 9'''

'''Resting Potential'''
|| The electrical potential difference across the axon membrane is called Resting Potential.

|-
|| Click the check-box for '''Potential Chart''' in '''Show''' box.
|| In the '''Show''' box, Check the check-box for '''Potential Chart'''.

|-
|| Click on '''Stimulate Neuron''' button
|| To stimulate the neuron, click on '''Stimulate Neuron''' button.

|-
|| Point to ions and '''channels'''.

Point to the charges.

Point to '''gated channel'''.

Click on '''Pause''' button.
|| Notice that '''Sodium''' ions move inside and '''potassium''' ions move outside.

During the exchange of ions charges get exchanged.

At this stage the nerve fibre is said to be in '''action potential''' or '''depolarized'''.

This movement of ions happen through '''gated channels'''.

Pause the '''simulation''' briefly.

|-
|| Point to the peak in '''membrane potential''' chart.
|| Observe the increase in the '''membrane potential''' in the potential chart.

Action potentials in neuron are known as nerve impulses.

|-
|| Click on the '''Play''' button.
|| Click on the '''Play''' button to start the '''simulation'''.

|-
|| Cursor on the neuron.

Click on '''stimulate Neuron''' button.

Cursor on the interface.
|| After a period of action potential, again reversal of the process takes place.

During this process the '''sodium''' and '''potassium''' ions move in and out.

This restores the resting potential of the membrane.

This process is called repolarization.

Now the fibre is ready to receive responsive stimulations.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 10'''

'''Summary'''

|| Let us summarize,

In this tutorial we have demonstrated,

How to use, '''Neuron PhET simulation'''.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 11'''

'''Summary'''

|| Using this '''simulation''' we have learnt about,

* Movement of ions across the membranes when the neuron is stimulated or at rest

* Function of '''leak''' and '''gated channels'''

* Membrane permeability

* Sequence of events that generates an action potential

|-
|| '''Slide Number 12'''

'''Assignment'''

|| As an Assignment

Observe,

the difference between a '''gated channel''' and a '''leak channel'''.

the sequence in which ion '''channels''' open or close to propagate an action potential.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 13'''

'''About Spoken Tutorial project'''
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 14'''

'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 15'''

'''Forum for specific questions:'''

Do you have questions in THIS '''Spoken Tutorial'''?

* Please visit this site
* Choose the minute and second where you have the question.
* Explain your question briefly
* Someone from our team will answer them.

|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 16'''

'''Acknowledgements'''

|| This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.

|-
|| '''Slide number 17'''

'''Acknowledgement'''
|| The Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by '''NMEICT''', '''MHRD Government of India'''.

More information on this Mission is available at this link.
|-
||
|| This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha and Meenal from IIT Bombay.

Thank you for joining.

|}

@@ Line 243: / Line 243: @@
 |-
 || Click the check-box for '''Potential Chart''' in '''Show''' box.
-|| In the '''Show''' box, Check the check-box for '''Potential Chart'''.
+|| In the '''Show''' box, check the check-box for '''Potential Chart'''.
 |-
@@ Line 280: / Line 280: @@
 |-
-|| Click on the '''Play''' button.
+|| Click on '''Play''' button.
-|| Click on the '''Play''' button to start the '''simulation'''.
+|| Click on '''Play''' button to start the '''simulation'''.
 |-

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 Java version 1.7.0
-Firefox Web Browser Version 53.02.2
+Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2
 |-
@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 || Click on '''Neuron_en.html''' file.
-Click on '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' option.
+Right click on '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' option.
 Point to '''Neuron simulation'''.
@@ Line 373: / Line 373: @@
 * Someone from our team will answer them.
-|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.
+|| Please post your timed queries on this forum.
 |-

@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 Point to ion '''channels'''.
-|| The '''simulation''' window shows a cross-section of a axon.
+|| The '''simulation''' window shows a cross-section of an axon.
 The nerve fibre or axon is like a cylinder.

@@ Line 325: / Line 325: @@
 * Function of '''leak''' and '''gated channels'''
 * Membrane permeability
@@ Line 331: / Line 336: @@
 |-
-|| '''Slide Number 12'''
+|| '''Slide Number 13'''
 '''Assignment'''
@@ Line 344: / Line 349: @@
 |-
-|| '''Slide Number 13'''
+|| '''Slide Number 14'''
 '''About Spoken Tutorial project'''
@@ Line 352: / Line 357: @@
 |-
-|| '''Slide Number 14'''
+|| '''Slide Number 15'''
 '''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
@@ Line 362: / Line 367: @@
 |-
-|| '''Slide Number 15'''
+|| '''Slide Number 16'''
 '''Forum for specific questions:'''
@@ Line 376: / Line 381: @@
 |-
-|| '''Slide Number 16'''
+|| '''Slide Number 17'''
 '''Acknowledgements'''
@@ Line 383: / Line 388: @@
 |-
-|| '''Slide number 17'''
+|| '''Slide number 18'''
 '''Acknowledgement'''

@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 || Using this '''simulation''' we will learn about,
-Movement of ions across the membranes when the neuron is stimulated or at rest
+* Movement of ions across the membranes when the neuron is stimulated or at rest
-Function of '''leak''' and '''gated channels'''
+* Function of '''leak''' and '''gated channels'''
 |-
 || '''Slide Number 6'''
 '''Learning Goals'''
-|| Membrane permeability
+||
-Sequence of events that generates an action potential
+* Sequence of events that generates an action potential
 |-
 || '''Slide Number 7'''
@@ Line 73: / Line 74: @@
 || Click on '''Neuron_en.html''' file.
-Click on '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' Option.
+Click on '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' option.
 Point to '''Neuron simulation'''.
 || To open the '''simulation''', right click on '''Neuron_en.html''' file.
-Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' Option.
+Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' option.
 '''Simulation''' opens in the browser.
@@ Line 211: / Line 212: @@
 * high concentration of '''potassium''' ions
-* and low concentration of '''sodium''' ions.
+* and low concentration of '''sodium''' ions
 |-
@@ Line 219: / Line 220: @@
 * low concentration of '''potassium''' ions
-* and high concentration of '''sodium''' ions.
+* and high concentration of '''sodium''' ions
 This forms a concentration gradient across the membrane.

@@ Line 285: / Line 285: @@
 || Cursor on the membrane.
-Click on '''stimulate Neuron''' button.
+Point to '''sodium''' and '''potassium''' ions.
 || After a period of action potential, again reversal of the process takes place.
 During this process the '''sodium''' and '''potassium''' ions move in and out.
-This restores the resting potential of the membrane.
+|-
 This process is called repolarization.
@@ Line 351: / Line 356: @@
 || The '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:
-conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
+conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests.
-−
 gives certificates on passing online tests.
 For more details, please write to us.

@@ Line 133: / Line 133: @@
 || At the bottom of the screen we have,
-* a box with '''Fast Forward''', '''Normal''' and '''Slow Motion''' radio button
+* a box with '''Fast Forward''', '''Normal''' and '''Slow Motion''' radio buttons
 * '''Rewind''', '''Play/Pause''' and '''Step''' buttons
-* '''Stimulate neuron''' button and
+* '''Stimulate Neuron''' button and
 * '''Reset''' button
@@ Line 236: / Line 236: @@
 '''Resting Potential'''
-|| The electrical potential difference across the axon membrane is called Resting Potential.
+|| Resting Potential
 |-
@@ Line 251: / Line 253: @@
 Point to the charges.
 || Notice that '''Sodium''' ions move inside and '''potassium''' ions move outside.
 During the exchange of ions charges get exchanged.
 At this stage the nerve fibre is said to be in '''action potential''' or '''depolarized'''.
 This movement of ions happen through '''gated channels'''.
-Pause the '''simulation''' briefly.
+||Pause the '''simulation''' briefly.
 |-
@@ Line 275: / Line 283: @@
 |-
-|| Cursor on the neuron.
+|| Cursor on the membrane.
 Click on '''stimulate Neuron''' button.
@@ Line 379: / Line 387: @@
 |-
 ||
-|| This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha and Meenal from IIT Bombay.
+|| This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha Kaliappan and Meenal Ghoderao from IIT Bombay.
 Thank you for joining.
 |}

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 || To follow this tutorial,
-learner should be familiar with topics in high school biology.
+Learner should be familiar with topics in high school biology.
 |-
@@ Line 133: / Line 133: @@
 || At the bottom of the screen we have,
-* a box with, '''Fast Forward''', '''Normal''' and '''Slow Motion''' radio button
+* a box with '''Fast Forward''', '''Normal''' and '''Slow Motion''' radio button
 * '''Rewind''', '''Play/Pause''' and '''Step''' buttons
 * '''Stimulate neuron''' button and
@@ Line 146: / Line 146: @@
 '''About Neuron'''
-|| Neurons are highly specialized cells in nervous system.
+|| About '''Neuron'''
 They can detect, receive and transmit different kinds of stimuli.