PoojaMoolya at 12:32, 24 July 2019

2019-07-24T12:32:58Z

Show changes

Sandhya.np14 at 06:27, 14 August 2018

2018-08-14T06:27:12Z

Sandhya.np14 at 06:25, 14 August 2018

2018-08-14T06:25:03Z

Sandhya.np14 at 06:11, 14 August 2018

2018-08-14T06:11:01Z

Show changes

Snehalathak at 06:50, 13 August 2018

2018-08-13T06:50:14Z

Snehalathak at 12:40, 7 August 2018

2018-08-07T12:40:16Z

PoojaMoolya: Created page with "{|border=1 ||'''Time''' ||'''Narration''' |- || 00:01 || Welcome to this tutorial on '''Gene Machine - The Lac Operon''' simulation. |- || 00:08 || In this tutorial we will,..."

2018-07-31T09:57:48Z

Created page with "{|border=1 ||'''Time''' ||'''Narration''' |- || 00:01 || Welcome to this tutorial on '''Gene Machine - The Lac Operon''' simulation. |- || 00:08 || In this tutorial we will,..."

New page

{|border=1
||'''Time'''
||'''Narration'''

|-
|| 00:01
|| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Gene Machine - The Lac Operon''' simulation.

|-
|| 00:08
|| In this tutorial we will, Demonstrate '''Gene Machine - The Lac Operon PhET simulation'''.

|-
|| 00:16
|| To follow this tutorial, Learner should be familiar with topics in high school Biology.

|-
|| 00:23
|| Here I am using, Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04

Java version 1.7.0.

|-
|| 00:34
|| Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2

|-
|| 00:40
|| Using this simulation, students will learn about,

|-
|| 00:44
|| Lactose regulation.

|-
|| 00:46
|| Genes involved in Lactose regulation.

|-
|| 00:50
|| Factors affecting '''LacZ''' gene regulation.

|-
|| 00:55
|| The '''lac operon''' is a set of genes responsible for regulating lactose metabolism in E.coli bacteria.

|-
|| 01:05
|| An '''operon''' is made up of 3 basic DNA components: '''Promoter''', '''Operator''' and '''Structural gene'''.

|-
|| 01:17
|| '''Promoter''': Initiates transcription.

|-
|| 01:20
|| '''Operator''': It is a Segment of DNA where repressor binds.

|-
|| 01:26
|| '''Structural gene''': A gene which codes for protein.

|-
|| 01:31
|| The three structural genes in '''lac Operon''' are: '''lacZ''', '''lacY''', and '''lacA'''.

|-
|| 01:40
|| These genes are transcribed as a single mRNA, under control of one promoter.

|-
|| 01:47
|| Genes in the '''lac operon''' specify proteins that help the cell utilize lactose.

|-
||01:55
|| Genes of the '''Lac Operon''' can be expressed and their proteins translated.

|-
|| 02:01
|| The gene product of '''lacZ''' is '''β-galactosidase''' which cleaves lactose.

|-
|| 02:08
|| '''lacY''' encodes '''Beta-galactoside permease''', It will enable transport of lactose into the cell.

|-
|| 02:17
|| '''lacA''' encodes for '''β-galactoside transacetylase'''.

|-
|| 02:23
|| Use the given link to download the simulation.

|-
|| 02:28
|| I have already downloaded '''Gene Machine-The Lac Operon''' simulation to my '''Downloads''' folder.

|-
|| 02:36
|| To run the simulation, open the terminal.

|-
|| 02:40
|| At the prompt type, '''cd Downloads''' and press enter.

|-
||02:47
|| Then type, '''java space hyphen jar space gene hyphen machine hyphen lac hyphen operon undrenscore en dot jar''' and press enter.

|-
|| 03:04
|| '''Gene-Machine-The Lac Operon''' Simulation opens.

|-
|| 03:09
|| The simulation screen shows 2 tabs at the top,

'''Lactose Regulation''' and

'''Lactose Transport'''

|-
|| 03:19
|| On the '''Lactose Regulation''' screen, You will see two floating '''RNA polymerase''' in blue colour.

|-
||03:27
|| Observe an incomplete '''operon''' which needs to be assembled.

|-
|| 03:32
|| Here, you need to match each part given at the bottom, to it's specific place on the gene.

|-
|| 03:39
|| Click on the '''Show Legend check box''' at the bottom-right corner.

|-
|| 03:44
|| This will turn-on the '''Legend''' panel on the right-side of the screen.

|-
|| 03:49
|| The '''Legend''' panel helps you to identify the molecules present on the screen.

|-
|| 03:56
|| At the bottom of the screen we have, A slider to set the speed of the animation,

'''Play'''/'''Pause''',

'''step''' button and

'''Reset All''' button.

|-
|| 04:10
|| Let us now start assembling the gene.

|-
|| 04:14
|| Click on '''lacI promoter'''.

|-
||04:17
|| The specific portions on the gene are highlighted in yellow color.

|-
||04:23
||Drag '''lacI promoter''' and place it on the '''operon'''.

|-
||04:28
|| Similarly drag '''lacI gene''' and place it on the '''operon'''.

|-
|| 04:33
|| The floating '''RNA Polymerase''' molecule binds briefly to the '''lacI promoter'''.

|-
|| 04:39
|| This will activate the '''lacI gene''' to produce '''mRNA'''.

|-
||04:44
|| This '''mRNA''' is translated to '''LacI''' protein which is seen floating on the screen.

|-
|| 04:51
|| '''LacI''' is a '''lac''' repressor protein.

|-
||04:55
|| It binds to the '''Lac operator''' region of the '''Operon'''.

|-
||05:00
|| In the absence of '''lactose''', it will block the '''RNA polymerase''' to transcribe the '''LacZ gene'''.

|-
|| 05:08
|| Notice that as soon as '''LacI protein''' is produced, '''Lactose injector''' appears on the top-left corner of the screen.

|-
|| 05:18
||Click on the '''Show Lactose Meter''' check-box at the bottom-left corner.

|-
||05:24
|| Meter will give an idea about interior lactose level.

|-
||05:29
|| Next assemble the '''LacZ''' gene.

|-
||05:32
|| Drag and place,

'''Lac promoter''',

'''Lac operator'''

as prompted by the highlighted yellow portions on the '''operon'''.

|-
|| 05:42
|| '''LacI''' protein floating around will now bind to the operator region of '''operon'''.

|-
|| 05:49
|| Now place the '''LacZ gene''' on '''operon'''.

|-
|| 05:53
|| Since the '''LacI''' is bound to the '''LacZ''' Operator region, it blocks the '''RNA polymerase''' to produce '''mRNA'''.

Hence no '''LacZ''' enzyme is produced.

|-
|| 06:06
|| Pump a few molecules of '''lactose''' on to the screen using '''Lactose injector'''.

|-
||06:13
|| There are 2 options for pumping, '''Manual''' and '''Auto'''.

|-
||06:19
|| Select '''Manual''' option.

|-
||06:22
||Press the red button on the '''injector'''.

|-
||06:26
|| Observe the Lactose level in '''lactose meter'''.

|-
|| 06:30
|| '''LacI''' bound to the operator, acts like '''Lactose''' sensor.

|-
||06:35
|| '''Lactose''' molecule bind to the '''LacI''' and leaves the Operator region.

|-
|| 06:41
|| The '''RNA Polymerase''' will now be able to transcribe the gene.

|-
||06:46
|| This '''mRNA''' is in turn translated to '''LacZ''' protein.

|-
|| 06:52
|| '''LacZ''' is '''Beta-galactosidase''' enzyme.

|-
||06:56
|| It cleaves lactose into glucose and galactose.

|-
|| 07:01
|| Lactose molecules bind to '''LacZ''' protein.

|-
||07:05
|| '''LacZ''' protein dissociates lactose molecules as shown on the screen.

|-
||07:11
|| Observe the Interior Lactose Level meter, lactose level decreases.

|-
|| 07:17
|| Click on '''Lactose Transport''' screen.

|-
|| 07:21
|| In addition to all the features of the '''Lactose regulation screen''', '''Lactose Transport''' screen has '''Cell Membrane''' and '''LacY gene'''.

|-
|| 07:31
|| As demonstrated previously, assemble the Operon.

|-
||07:36
|| Drag and place all the components of the Operon in their respective places.

|-
|| 07:52
|| Click on '''Show Legend''' and '''Show Lactose Meter''' check box.

|-
|| 07:58
|| Pump-in few molecules of Lactose using Lactose injector.

|-
|| 08:03
|| Click on '''Auto''' radio button on the Lactose injector.

|-
|| 08:08
|| '''LacI''', '''LacZ''' and '''LacY''' proteins are produced.

|-
|| 08:14
|| '''LacY''' is '''Beta-galactoside permease''' enzyme.

|-
||08:19
|| It enables transport of lactose into the cell.

|-
|| 08:24
|| Observe that '''LacY''' protein, binds to the '''Cell Membrane'''.

|-
|| 08:29
|| Now lactose molecules permeate into cell with the help of '''LacY''' protein.

|-
|| 08:36
|| Inside the cell, lactose molecules are metabolized by '''LacZ''' enzyme as shown on the screen.

|-
|| 08:46
|| Factors affecting '''LacZ''' gene regulation-

|-
||08:51
|| The '''lac''' repressor acts as a lactose sensor.

|-
||08:55
|| It blocks transcription of the '''Lac operon''', when there is no lactose present in the cell.

|-
|| 09:02
|| When lactose is present, the ''lac'' repressor loses its ability to bind DNA.

|-
|| 09:09
|| It floats off the '''operator''', clearing the way for '''RNA polymerase''' to transcribe the '''operon'''.

|-
|| 09:17
|| Let us summarize,

In this tutorial we have demonstrated - How to use '''Gene Machine-The Lac Operon''', '''PhET simulation'''.

|-
|| 09:29
|| We have also learnt about, Lactose regulation.

|-
||09:35
|| Genes involved in Lactose regulation.

|-
||09:39
|| Factors affecting '''LacZ gene '''regulation.

|-
|| 09:44
|| An an assignment, Remove some of the components of the '''Operon''' such as Operator, Promoter and Genes.

|-
||09:54
|| Run the simulation. And Observe the results and give explanation.

|-
|| 10:01
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
|| 10:10
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team: conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

|-
||10:21
|| For more details, please write to us.

|-
||10:25
|| Please post your timed queries on this forum.

|-
|| 10:30
|| This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.

|-
|| 10:39
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.

|-
|| 10:53
|| This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha Kaliappan and Meenal Ghoderao from IIT Bombay.

Thanks for joining.

|}

@@ Line 228: / Line 228: @@
 |-
 || 05:42
-|| '''LacI''' protein floating around will now bind to the operator region of '''operon'''.
+|| '''LacI''' protein floating around will now bind to the Operator region of '''operon'''.
 |-
@@ Line 262: / Line 262: @@
 |-
 || 06:30
-|| '''LacI''' bound to the operator, acts like '''Lactose''' sensor.
+|| '''LacI''' bound to the Operator, acts like '''Lactose''' sensor.
 |-

@@ Line 194: / Line 194: @@
 |-
 ||04:55
-|| It binds to the '''Lac operator''' region of the '''Operon'''.
+|| It binds to the '''Lac Operator''' region of the '''Operon'''.
 |-
@@ Line 222: / Line 222: @@
 '''Lac promoter''',
-'''Lac operator'''
+'''Lac Operator'''
 as prompted by the highlighted yellow portions on the '''operon'''.
@@ Line 366: / Line 366: @@
 |-
 || 09:09
-|| It floats off the '''operator''',  clearing the way for '''RNA polymerase''' to transcribe the '''operon'''.
+|| It floats off the '''Operator''',  clearing the way for '''RNA polymerase''' to transcribe the '''operon'''.
 |-

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 |-
 || 00:44
-|| Lactose regulation.
+||1.Lactose regulation.
 |-
 || 00:46
-|| Genes involved in Lactose regulation.
+|| 2.Genes involved in Lactose regulation.
 |-
 || 00:50
-|| Factors affecting '''LacZ''' gene regulation.
+|| 3.Factors affecting '''LacZ''' gene regulation.
 |-

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 |-
 || 00:01
-|| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Gene Machine - The Lac Operon''' simulation.
+|| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Gene Machine - The Lac Operon''' '''simulation'''.
 |-
 || 00:08
-|| In this tutorial we will, Demonstrate '''Gene Machine - The Lac Operon PhET simulation'''.
+|| In this tutorial we will, Demonstrate '''Gene Machine - The Lac Operon, PhET simulation'''.
 |-