Nancyvarkey at 05:56, 29 September 2015

2015-09-29T05:56:21Z

Nirmala Venkat: Created page with "'''>>Title of script''':''' Including files or modules in a PERL program''' '''Author: Nirmala Venkat''' '''Keywords: Include Module, do, use, require, PERL, PERL programmin..."

2015-09-28T11:18:43Z

Created page with "'''>>Title of script''':''' Including files or modules in a PERL program''' '''Author: Nirmala Venkat''' '''Keywords: Include Module, do, use, require, PERL, PERL programmin..."

New page

'''>>Title of script''':''' Including files or modules in a PERL program'''

'''Author: Nirmala Venkat'''

'''Keywords: Include Module, do, use, require, PERL, PERL programming, video tutorial'''

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Visual Cue'''
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Narration'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 1:

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Welcome to the''' Spoken Tutorial''' on''' Including files or modules in a PERL program'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 2:

Learning objectives

* '''do method'''
* '''use method'''
* '''require method'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this tutorial we will learn to use
* '''do'''
* '''use '''and
* '''require'''
methods in''' PERL''' programming.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 3:
System Requirements
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| For this tutorial, I am using
* '''Ubuntu Linux 12.04''' operating system
* '''Perl 5.14.2 and'''
* '''gedit''' Text Editor
You can use any text editor of your choice.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 4:

Pre-requisites
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should have working knowledge of''' Perl''' programming.
If not, then go through the relevant''' Perl''' spoken tutorials on the''' spoken tutorial''' website.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 5:
'''do file name / module name'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Do Method:
These are simple ways to include the source code from other files into the current script file.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us understand how to use '''do()''' method.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to the''' datetime.pl '''in '''gedit'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Open a new file in your text editor and name it as '''datetime.pl'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Scroll and show the code in '''gedit'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In the''' datetime dot pl''' file, type the following code as displayed on the screen.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| From here onwards, remember to press the '''Enter key '''after every command on the '''terminal'''.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us understand the code now.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''<nowiki>#!/</nowiki>usr/local/bin/perl'''

'''$datestring = localtime();'''

'''sub msgThanks {'''

'''print("Thank you...\n");'''

'''}'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The current date and time is stored in a variable''' dollar datestring.'''
Here, I have a''' function''' by name''' msgThanks,''' which returns a “'''Thank you'''” message.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press''' Ctrl+S'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, press''' Ctrl+S''' to save the file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Next let us look at another '''Perl '''program which will make use of this file''' datetime dot pl'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to the''' main.pl '''in '''gedit'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Open a new file in your text editor and name it as '''main dot pl'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Scroll and show the code in '''gedit'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In the''' main dot pl''' file, type the following code as displayed on the screen.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me explain the code now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''<nowiki>#!/</nowiki>usr/bin/perl'''

'''print "Welcome to Spoken tutorials!! \n";'''

'''print "\n";'''

'''do "datetime.pl";'''

'''print ("Have a nice day! \n");'''

'''print ("Today's date: $datestring \n");'''

'''msgThanks();'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here, the first line prints the welcome message.

'''do()''' method is called with the filename from where we want to use the code.

Current date and time is stored in the''' $datestring''' variable of''' datetime dot pl file.'''

And at the end, we call the''' msgThanks()''' function from the same file.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press''' Ctrl+S'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, press''' Ctrl+S''' to save the file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us execute the program.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In terminal >> type''' perl main.pl''' and press''' Enter'''.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch back to the''' terminal''' and type

'''perl main dot pl '''and press''' Enter'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the output

'''Welcome to Spoken tutorials!!'''

'''Have a nice day!'''
'''Today's date: Thu Aug 13 10:57:15 2015'''
'''Thank you...'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Observe the output on the '''terminal.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| <nowiki><<</nowiki>PAUSE>>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Next we will learn how to use''' require method''' and''' use method''' in a '''Perl''' program.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 6:

'''require and use methods'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| These '''methods''' are used -

* when we have collections of '''subroutines '''
* that can be used in multiple '''Perl '''programs.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 6a:

'''use method:'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
* '''use''' method is used only for the '''modules'''.
* It is verified at the time of '''compilation'''
* There is no need to give the '''file extension'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 6b:

'''require method:'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
* '''require '''method is used for both '''Perl''' '''programs '''and '''modules'''
* It is verified at the '''run time'''
* One needs to give the '''file extension'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 7:

'''use module name<nowiki>;</nowiki>'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
* The syntax of '''use method '''is

'''use module name semicolon'''

* '''Perl modules''' are the files which end with '''.pm''' extension.
* Reusability of code is implemented through '''modules'''.
* These are similar to libraries in other languages.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now I will show a simple program with the''' use method''' to include a''' module''' in '''Perl''' code.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to '''sum.pm''' file
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Open a new file In your '''text editor '''and name it as '''sum dot pm.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Scroll and show the code
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In the''' sum dot pm''' file, type the following code as displayed on the screen.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''<nowiki>#!/</nowiki>usr/bin/perl'''

'''sub total {'''

'''my $sum = 0;'''

'''foreach my $num(@_){'''

'''$sum =$sum+ $num<nowiki>;</nowiki>'''

'''}'''

'''print "The total is : $sum\n";'''

'''}'''

'''1;'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here, I have a simple '''function''' which will calculate the sum of a given set of numbers.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press''' Ctrl+S'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, press''' Ctrl+S''' to save the file

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We will write another '''Perl''' script where we’ll use this''' sum.pm''' file.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me open the sample program app dot pl file which I have saved already

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In the''' app dot pl''' file, type the following code as displayed on the screen.

Let me explain the code now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''<nowiki>#!/</nowiki>usr/bin/perl'''

'''use sum<nowiki>;</nowiki>'''

'''total(1, 7, 5, 4, 9);'''

'''total(1...10);'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The first line shows the use method with the '''module '''name.

In our case, the '''module '''name is '''sum'''.

We are passing 1,7,5,4,9 as '''input parameters '''to the function '''total''' in '''sum dot pm '''file.

Again, in the next line, we are passing 1 to 10 as '''input parameters '''to the same '''function'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press''' Ctrl+S'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, press''' Ctrl+S''' to save the file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us execute the program.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In terminal >> type''' perl app.pl''' and press''' Enter'''.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch back to the''' terminal''' and type

'''perl app dot pl'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the output

'''The total is 26'''

'''The total is 55'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Observe the output displayed on the '''terminal.'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to '''sum.pm'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us see few more options in''' use method'''.

Switch back to''' sum.pm '''in the '''text editor.'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Add the below code

'''use strict;'''
'''use warnings;'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| At the beginning of the source code, add the lines

'''use strict semicolon'''

'''use warnings semicolon'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''<nowiki>#!/</nowiki>usr/bin/perl'''

'''use strict<nowiki>;</nowiki>'''

'''use warnings<nowiki>;</nowiki>'''

'''sub total {'''

'''my $sum = 0;'''

'''foreach my $num(@_){'''

'''$sum =$sum+ $num<nowiki>;</nowiki>'''

'''}'''

'''print "The total is : $sum\n";'''

'''}'''

'''1;'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''use strict''' and''' use warnings''' are '''compiler flags '''that instruct''' Perl''' to behave in a stricter way.

These are used to avoid common programming mistakes.

'''use strict''' forces the user to declare all the '''variables''' used in the program.

If there are '''errors''', '''use strict''' will abort the execution.

'''use warnings''' will only provide warnings but continue with the execution.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Remove''' my''' from the code

'''$sum =0;'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Assume that we forgot to declare the '''variable $sum '''as''' my'''.

Let us now see how the same program is executed.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press '''Ctrl+S'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press''' Ctrl+S''' to save the file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us execute the program.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In terminal >> type''' perl app.pl''' and press''' Enter'''.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch back to the''' terminal''' and type

'''perl app dot pl'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the output

Global symbol "$sum" requires explicit package name at sum.pm line 8.

Global symbol "$sum" requires explicit package name at sum.pm line 9.

Global symbol "$sum" requires explicit package name at sum.pm line 10.

Compilation failed in require at app.pl line 5.

BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at app.pl line 5.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We can see that the program is aborted without executing the result.

The first set of lines displayed on the terminal are error messages generated by “'''use strict'''”.

The last two are the abort messages.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| So, this is how the '''use method '''options work.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Next let us see a '''Perl program '''where we use the''' require''' method.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to '''commonfunctions.pl '''in '''gedit '''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me open the sample program''' commonfunctions.pl''' which I have already saved.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Scroll and show the code
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type the following code as displayed on the screen in your '''commonfunctions dot pl''' file.

Let us understand the code now.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''sub square() {'''

'''my ($number) = @_;'''

'''return ($number * $number);'''

'''}'''

'''sub square_root() {'''

'''my ($number) = @_;'''

'''return (sqrt($number));'''

'''}'''

'''sub random_number() {'''

'''my ($number) = @_;'''

'''return (rand($number));'''

'''}'''

'''<nowiki># </nowiki>generate a random number in perl between a range of numbers'''

'''sub random_range() {'''

'''my ($lrange, $urange) = @_;'''

'''return int(rand($urange-$lrange))+ $lrange<nowiki>;</nowiki>'''

'''}'''

'''1;'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here we can see a collection of commonly used '''functions'''.

The first function''' square()''' returns the square of a number.

The second function''' square underscore root()''' returns the square root of a given number.

Next function''' random underscore number()''' generates a random number.

The last function''' random underscore range()''' generates a random number between a lower range and upper range of numbers.

Note that we need the '''1 semicolon''' at the end of the file.

This is because''' Perl''' needs the last expression in the file to return a true value.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press''' Ctrl+S'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, press''' Ctrl+S''' to save the file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Next we will write a''' Perl''' program in which we’ll call these '''subroutines '''using''' require''' method.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to '''callprogram.pl'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me open the sample program''' callprogram dot pl''' which I have already saved.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type the following code as displayed on the screen in your file.

Let me explain the code now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''<nowiki>#!/</nowiki>usr/bin/perl'''

'''use strict<nowiki>;</nowiki>'''

'''use warnings<nowiki>;</nowiki>'''

'''require 'commonfunctions.pl';'''

'''print "1.Square of a number \n";'''

'''print "2.Square root of a number \n";'''

'''print "3.Random number in the given range\n";'''

'''print "4.Quit \n";'''

'''print "Enter the Option: ";'''

'''my $option<nowiki> = <>;</nowiki>'''

'''if ($option == 1)'''

'''{'''

'''<nowiki># </nowiki>Find a square of a number'''

'''print "Enter a number: ";'''

'''my $number<nowiki> = <>;</nowiki>'''

'''print "Square of $number is: " .square($number) . "\n";'''

'''}'''

'''elsif ($option == 2)'''

'''{'''

'''<nowiki># </nowiki>Find a square root of a number'''

'''print "Enter a number: ";'''

'''my $number<nowiki>1 = <>;</nowiki>'''

'''print "Squareroot of $number1 is:" .square_root($number1) . "\n";'''

'''}'''

'''elsif ($option == 3)'''

'''{'''

'''<nowiki># </nowiki>Find a random number in the given range'''

'''print "Enter a lower range: ";'''

'''my $lower<nowiki> = <>;</nowiki>'''

'''print "Enter a upper range:";'''

'''my $upper<nowiki> = <>;</nowiki>'''

'''print "Random number in the given range is: " .random_range($lower,$upper) . "\n";'''

'''}'''

'''elsif ($option == 4)'''

'''{ exit<nowiki>;</nowiki>'''

'''}'''

'''else { print "Incorrect option. Exiting the program \n";'''

'''}'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''require''' reads the''' commonfunctions.pl''' file containing '''Perl''' code and compiles it.

This program gives 4 options to the user.

The user has to choose one option at a time.

One is to find the square of a number.

Two is for square root of a number.

Three is for a random number in the given range.

Four is to quit the program.

If option one is typed, it will ask the user to enter a number.

The value is stored in''' $number.'''

This is passed to the function''' square''' in''' commonfunctions.pl''' file.

The '''function''' returns the square of a number.

The '''print statement''' prints the square of a number as output.

If option two is typed, the square root of a number is displayed as output.

The execution is followed as explained in the previous '''function square'''.

If option three is typed, a random number is displayed as output in the given range.

Else if option is four, the program exits.

If any option other than the ones specified is given, the '''print statement '''says “Incorrect option”.

Note that in this program we have called only three functions out of four from''' commonfunctions.pl'''.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press''' Ctrl+S'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, press''' Ctrl+S''' to save the file

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us execute the program.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In terminal >> type''' perl callprogram.pl''' and press''' Enter'''.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch back to the''' terminal''' and type

'''perl callprogram dot pl'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight the output'''

1.Square of a number

2.Square root of a number

3.Random number in the given range

4.Quit

Enter the Option: 2

Enter a number: 169

Square root of 169 is: 13
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Observe the output

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I'll execute the program once again with a different option.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In terminal >> type''' perl callprogram.pl''' and press''' Enter'''.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type''' perl callprogram dot pl'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight the output'''

'''1.Square of a number'''

'''2.Square root of a number'''

'''3.Random number in the given range'''

'''4.Quit'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Enter the Option: 3'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Enter the Option as 3.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Enter a lower range: 50'''

'''Enter a upper range: 99'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Enter a lower range as 50.

Enter a upper range as 99.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Random number in the given range is: 71'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We can see the random number is generated in the given range of numbers.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Try other options on your own.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarise.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 8:

'''Summary'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this tutorial we learnt to use

* '''do'''
* '''use'''
* '''require'''

'''methods '''in''' PERL''' programming.

'''Note''': "'''use Module'''" is recommended over "'''require Module'''", because it determines '''module availability '''at '''compile time'''.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 9:

'''Assignment'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here is an assignment for you.

# Write a''' Perl''' program''' reminder.pl''' where you will write a letter to the participants.
# Prompt the user to enter''' To''' and''' From''' name
# Call the subroutines from''' Letter.pm''' using '''‘use’''' method.
# Write the below functions in''' Letter.pm '''file.

* LetterDate() function returns the current date and time
* To() function returns the name of the participants
* From() function returns the sender name
* Lettermsg() function returns the content of the letter
* Thanksmsg() function returns thanks and regards.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 10:

'''Output'''

To: Mr. Ram, 23 Gandhi Nagar, Mumbai-400034.

From: Vikash

Date: Thu Aug 13 11:25:29 2015

Greetings!!

This is to remind you that your registration fees of Rs. 500.00 is pending.

If you have not yet made the payment, kindly do so immediately.

Thanks and regards,

Vikash.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The output should be displayed as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 11:

About Spoken Tutorial project

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 12:

Spoken Tutorial workshops

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' Team

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 13:

Acknowledgement

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at

this link.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This is Nirmala Venkat from IIT Bombay, signing off. Thanks for watching.

|}

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:05, 28 September 2015
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	\| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"\| Now, press''' Ctrl+S''' to save the file.		\| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"\| Now, press''' Ctrl+S''' to save the file.

−	\|-
−	~~\| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"\|~~
−	~~\| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"\| Let us execute the program.~~

	\|-		\|-

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:19, 28 September 2015
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	'''>>Title of script''':''' Including files or modules in a PERL program'''	+	'''Title of script''':''' Including files or modules in a PERL program'''

	'''Author: Nirmala Venkat'''		'''Author: Nirmala Venkat'''

PERL/C3/Including-files-or-modules/English - Revision history

Nancyvarkey at 05:56, 29 September 2015

Nancyvarkey: Reverted edits by PoojaMoolya (talk) to last revision by Nirmala Venkat

PoojaMoolya at 12:05, 28 September 2015

Nirmala Venkat at 11:19, 28 September 2015

Nirmala Venkat: Created page with "'''>>Title of script''':''' Including files or modules in a PERL program''' '''Author: Nirmala Venkat''' '''Keywords: Include Module, do, use, require, PERL, PERL programmin..."

@@ Line 332: / Line 332: @@
 | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press '''Ctrl+S'''
 | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press''' Ctrl+S''' to save the file.
 |-
@@ Line 356: / Line 352: @@
 | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We can see that the program is aborted without executing the result.
-The first set of lines displayed on the terminal are error messages generated by “'''use strict'''”.
+The first set of lines displayed on the '''terminal''' are '''error messages''' generated by “'''use strict'''”.
 The last two are the abort messages.
@@ Line 414: / Line 410: @@
 | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here we can see a collection of commonly used '''functions'''.
-The first function''' square()''' returns the square of a number.
+The first '''function square()''' returns the square of a number.
-The second function''' square underscore root()''' returns the square root of a given number.
+The second '''function square underscore root()''' returns the square root of a given number.
-Next function''' random underscore number()''' generates a random number.
+Next '''function random underscore number()''' generates a random number.
-The last function''' random underscore range()''' generates a random number between a lower range and upper range of numbers.
+The last '''function random underscore range()''' generates a random number between a lower range and upper range of numbers.
 Note that we need the '''1 semicolon''' at the end of the file.
-This is because''' Perl''' needs the last expression in the file to return a true value.
+This is because''' Perl''' needs the last expression in the file to return a '''true value'''.
 |-

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:37, 29 September 2015
Line 118:		Line 118:
	\| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"\| Now, press''' Ctrl+S''' to save the file.		\| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"\| Now, press''' Ctrl+S''' to save the file.

		+	\|-
		+	\| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"\|
		+	\| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"\| Let us execute the program.

	\|-		\|-