Nancyvarkey at 11:58, 8 October 2013

2013-10-08T11:58:23Z

AmolBrahmankar: Created page with ''''Title Of Script: '''Data structures in Perl '''Author:''' Amol Brahmankar '''Keywords:''' Data structures in perl video tutorial. {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="bo…'

2013-09-05T04:15:29Z

Created page with ''''Title Of Script: '''Data structures in Perl '''Author:''' Amol Brahmankar '''Keywords:''' Data structures in perl video tutorial. {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="bo…'

New page

'''Title Of Script: '''Data structures in Perl

'''Author:''' Amol Brahmankar

'''Keywords:''' Data structures in perl video tutorial.

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border-top:0.05pt solid #000000;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| <center>'''Visual Clue'''</center>
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Data Structures''' in '''Perl'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide: Learning Objectives
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn about;

'''Data Structures''' available in '''Perl'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide: System Requirements
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here I am using '''Ubuntu Linux12.04''' operating system and '''Perl 5.14.2'''

I will also be using the '''gedit '''Text Editor.

You can use any text editor of your choice.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide: Prerequisites
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| You should have basic knowledge of '''Variables '''in''' Perl'''

Knowledge of''' Comments, loops and conditional statements''' will be an added advantage'''.'''

Please go through the relevant spoken tutorials on the '''spoken tutorial '''website.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Perl has 3 types of data structure -

1. '''Scalar'''

2. '''Array'''

3. '''Hash'''. Also, called as '''Associative Array'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Scalar:'''

# This type of '''data structure''' holds a value of any '''data type'''.
# The '''data type''' can be '''string, number, double''' etc.
# It can also hold the reference to an array or reference to a '''hash.'''

'''Note:''' reference in '''Perl''' will be covered in subsequent tutorial.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide

'''Declaring scalar data structure;'''

'''$count = 12;'''

'''$string = 'I am scalar of type string';'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Scalar''' type of''' data structure''' is as simple as declaring the '''variable'''.

'''$count = 12; '''

'''$string = 'I am scalar of type string';'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Slide'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We can perform the following operations on '''scalar;'''

# Assign a value to it
# Assign one '''scalar''' to another
# '''Arithmetic operations''' on '''number''' type of '''scalars''' like add, subtract etc
# '''string operations''' on '''string''' '''scalar''' like '''concatenation,''' '''substr''' etc

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let us look at an example of s'''calar data structure'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to terminal >> type gedit scalars dot pl & >> Enter.

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to '''terminal''' and type

'''gedit scalars dot pl &'''

and Press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Gedit

<nowiki>#!/usr/bin/perl </nowiki>

<nowiki># Following are the various ways of declaring sclar </nowiki>

$count = 12;

$string = 'I am scalar of type string';

<nowiki>=head </nowiki>

Few of the arithmatic operations that

can be performed on the sclars

<nowiki>=cut </nowiki>

$newCount = $count;

print "Original Count: $newCount\n";

$newCount = $newCount + 12; #Can be written as $newCount += 12;

print "New Count After Addition: $newCount\n";

$newCount = $newCount - 12; #Can be written as $newCount -= 12;

print "New Count After Substraction: $newCount\n";

<nowiki>=head </nowiki>

Few of the string operations that

can be performed on the sclars

<nowiki>=cut </nowiki>

$string = $string. ' in Perl'; #can be written as $string .= ' in Perl';

print "Original String: $string\n";

$newString = substr($string, 0, 11);

print "New String: $newString\n";
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This will open the '''scalars dot pl file in gedit'''.

Type the code as displayed on the screen.

This is the '''declaration''' and '''assignment''' to the '''scalar.'''

These are few '''arithmetic operations''' that can be performed on '''number''' type of '''scalar'''

<nowiki><pause></nowiki>

These are '''string operations '''that can be performed on '''String''' type of '''scalar'''.

<nowiki><pause></nowiki>

'''substr''' is the '''PERL function''' which provides part of the '''string''' as output.

Here '''index 0 '''specifies start of a string, i.e. from where we want to start extraction of the string.

And 11 is the '''offset '''upto where we want the string to be in the output.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Press ctrl + s
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press '''ctrl + s''' to save the file.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to terminal

'''perl scalars.pl'''

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Then switch to the '''terminal '''and '''execute '''the '''Perl script''' as''' '''

'''perl scalars dot pl'''

and press''' Enter.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the output on the terminal

'''Original Count: 12 '''

'''New Count After Addition: 24 '''

'''New Count After Substraction: 12 '''

'''String: I am scalar of type string in Perl '''

'''New String: I am scalar '''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The output shown on '''terminal'''<nowiki> is as highlighted. <pause></nowiki>

''<nowiki><< I Wiil just highlight the output and will not read it while recording >></nowiki>''

'''Original Count: 12 '''

'''New Count After Addition: 24 '''

'''New Count After Substraction: 12 '''

'''String: I am scalar of type string in Perl '''

'''New String: I am scalar '''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, let us look at '''array data structure''' in perl.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Array''':

# It is a list of '''elements'''.
# '''Elements''' can be '''string, number '''etc.
# It has an '''index''', which is used for performing various operations on the '''array'''.
# '''Index''' starts with zero.
# Unlike other programming languages, there is no need to declare an '''array''' or its length before using it in '''Perl'''.
# '''Perl array''', stretches or shrinks as per the '''elements''' added or removed from it

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide

Highlight @variableName = (element 1, element 2, ..., element N);
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The syntax to write an '''array''' is;

'''at the rate variable name space equal to space open bracket list of elements separated with comma close bracket semicolon'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let us look at an example of '''array data structure'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to terminal >> type

gedit perlArray.pl & >> Enter.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to '''terminal''' and type

'''gedit perlArray dot pl &'''

and Press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Gedit

<nowiki>#!/usr/bin/perl</nowiki>

<nowiki>#Number array</nowiki>

@numArray = (98, 99, 92, 97);

<nowiki>#String array</nowiki>

@strArray = ('Perl', 'String', 'Array');

<nowiki>#Mix array</nowiki>

@array = (98, 'StringValue', 92);
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This will open the '''perlArray dot pl file in gedit'''.

Type the following code as displayed on the screen

This is the number array which has elements of number type

This is the string array which has elements of string type

This array has elements of both number and string type.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Gedit

Highlight all 3 types of array

print “Number Array: @numArray\n”;

print “String Array: @strArray\n”;

print “Array: @array\n”;
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This example shows the various types of '''array in Perl'''.

Now let us see how to print the '''array'''.

Type

'''print space double quote Number Array colon space at the rate numArray slash n double quote semicolon'''

'''Press Enter'''

Similarly print other 2 arrays as

'''print “String Array: @strArray\n”;'''

'''print “Array: @array\n”;'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Press ctrl + s
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press '''ctrl + s''' to save the file

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to terminal

'''perl perlArray.pl'''

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Then switch to the '''terminal '''and '''execute '''the '''Perl script''' as''' '''

'''perl perlArray dot pl'''

and press''' Enter.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the output on the terminal

'''Number Array: 98 99 92 97 '''

'''String Array: Perl String Array '''

'''Array: 98 StringValue 92 '''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The following output is displayed on the '''terminal'''<nowiki> <pause></nowiki>

''<nowiki><< I Wiil just highlight the output and will not read it while recording >></nowiki>''

'''Number Array: 98 99 92 97 '''

'''String Array: Perl String Array '''

'''Array: 98 StringValue 92 '''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, let us look at '''Hash data structure''' in '''Perl'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Hash''':

# '''Hash''' is alternatively called as''' Associative array. '''
# It is a '''Key Value pair data structure'''.
# '''Key in hash''' is unique.
# If the same '''key''' is added again, then the '''value''' of that '''key''' will be overridden by the latest '''value''' assigned to the '''key.'''
# '''Value''' can be duplicate.
# It also holds '''value''' of any '''data type'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide

Highlight

%variableName = (

'Key1' => 'Value1' ,

'Key2' => 'Value2'

);
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The syntax of '''hash''' is;

'''percentage variable name space equal to space open bracket '''

'''Press Enter'''

'''single quote key Name single quote space equal to greater than sign space Value comma'''

'''Press Enter'''

'''single quote key Name single quote space equal to greater than sign space Value'''

'''Press Enter'''

'''close bracket semicolon'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let us look at an example of '''hash data structure'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Gedit
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to '''terminal''' and type

'''gedit perlHash dot pl &'''

and Press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Gedit

<nowiki>#!/usr/bin/perl</nowiki>

use Data::Dumper;

<nowiki>#Hash of marks obtain in a subject</nowiki>

%hash = (

'Subject' => 'Math',

'Marks' => 98

);
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This will open the '''perlHash dot pl file in gedit'''.

Type the following code as displayed on the screen;

This '''hash''' indicates the marks obtained in a subject.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Gedit

Highlight

print "Hash: ", Dumper \%hash;
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This example, shows the use of '''hash'''.

Now let us see how to print the '''hash'''.

For now, just note the way I have printed the '''hash'''.

Detailed explanation will be given in a subsequent tutorial.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Press ctrl + s
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press '''ctrl + s '''to save the file

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to terminal

'''perl perlHash.pl'''

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Then switch to the '''terminal '''and execute''' '''the '''Perl script''' as''' '''

'''perl perlHash dot pl'''

and press''' Enter.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the output on the terminal

'''Hash: '''

'''$VAR1 = { '''

''''Subject' => 'Math', '''

''''Marks' => 98 '''

'''};'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The following output is displayed on the '''terminal'''<nowiki>. <pause></nowiki>

''<nowiki><< I Wiil just highlight the output and will not read it while recording >></nowiki>''

'''Hash: '''

'''$VAR1 = { '''

''''Subject' => 'Math', '''

''''Marks' => 98 '''

'''}; '''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide: Summary
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us summarize.

In this tutorial, we have learnt -

* '''scalar'''
* '''Array and'''
* '''Hash Data Structure''' in '''Perl'''
* using sample programs.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide: Assignment
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here is assignment for you -

# Declare '''scalar''' '''variable'''
# Assign '''value''' of '''type''' '''float''' to it and then print it.
# Declare and print an '''array''' of colors 'Red', 'Yellow' and 'Green'.
# Declare and print a '''hash''' of Employee Name and their department.

'''Hint:'''

'Employee' => 'John',

'Department' => 'Engineering'

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| About the Project
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Watch the video available at the following link

It summaries the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can

download and watch it

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Workshops
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass an online

test

For more details, please write to

contact at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Acknowledgment

http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a

Teacher project

It is supported by the National Mission on

Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this Mission is available

spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen Intro

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Hope you enjoyed this '''Perl''' tutorial.

This is Amol Brahmankar signing off.

Thanks for joining

|}

PERL/C2/Data-Structures/English - Revision history

Nancyvarkey at 11:58, 8 October 2013

Nancyvarkey at 11:45, 8 October 2013

AmolBrahmankar: Created page with ''''Title Of Script: '''Data structures in Perl '''Author:''' Amol Brahmankar '''Keywords:''' Data structures in perl video tutorial. {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="bo…'

@@ Line 209: / Line 209: @@
 |The output shown on '''terminal''' is as highlighted. <pause>
-'''New String: I am scalar '''
 |-
+|
@@ Line 286: / Line 284: @@
 |This example shows the various types of '''arrays''' in '''Perl'''.
-Now let us see how to print the '''array'''.
+This is how we can print the '''array''' in '''Perl'''.
 |-
 |Press ctrl + s
@@ Line 319: / Line 312: @@
 |The following output is displayed on the '''terminal''' <pause>
-'''Array: 98 StringValue 92 '''
 |-
+|
@@ Line 354: / Line 349: @@
 '''percentage variable name space equal to space open bracket '''
-'''Press Enter'''
+Press '''Enter'''
 '''single quote key Name single quote space equal to greater than sign space Value comma'''
-'''Press Enter'''
+Press '''Enter'''
 '''single quote key Name single quote space equal to greater than sign space Value'''
-'''Press Enter'''
+Press '''Enter'''
 '''close bracket semicolon'''
@@ Line 461: / Line 456: @@
 In this tutorial, we have learnt -
 * '''scalar'''
-* '''Array and'''
+* '''Array''' and
 * '''Hash Data Structure''' in '''Perl'''
 * using sample programs.