Nirmala Venkat: Created page with " {| border="1" |- | align=center| '''Visual Cue''' | align=center| '''Narration''' |- || Slide 1: || Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''CTU Counter''' |- || Slide 2: Lea..."

2021-07-14T10:43:31Z

Created page with " {| border="1" |- | align=center| '''Visual Cue''' | align=center| '''Narration''' |- || Slide 1: || Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''CTU Counter''' |- || Slide 2: Lea..."

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{| border="1"
|-

| align=center| '''Visual Cue'''
| align=center| '''Narration'''
|-
|| Slide 1:
|| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''CTU Counter'''
|-
|| Slide 2: Learning Objectives
* Count up (CTU) counter

|| In this tutorial, we’ll learn about the working of '''Count up''' counter

|-
|| Slide 3: System Requirements
* Ubuntu 18.04 OS
* LDmicro
* OpenPLC Mainboard
* 24V, 2A SMPS
* USBasp programmer
* Traffic Light module
* Switchboard module

|| To record this tutorial I am using:
* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC Mainboard'''
* '''24V, 2A SMPS'''
* '''USBasp''' programmer
* '''Traffic Light''' module and
* '''Switchboard''' module

|-
|| Slide 4: Pre-requisites
* Working of Contact, Coil and RESET instructions
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]

||
* To follow this tutorial, you should know the working of

# '''Contact'''
# '''Coil''' and
# '''RESET''' instructions.

* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
|| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

hardware-prerequisite.jpg
|| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.
|-
|| Slide 5: Counters

3 types of counters
# Count up (CTU)
# Count down(CTD)
# Count circular(CTC)

|| In '''LDmicro''', we have 3 types of '''counters'''.

'''Count up''' which is represented as '''CTU'''.

'''Count down''' which is represented as '''CTD''' and

'''Count circular '''which is represented as '''CTC'''.
|-
||
|| Here first we will learn about '''CTU counter'''.

In this tutorial, we will create a '''logic''' to turn '''on''' an '''LED'''.

The '''condition''' is when the switch is pressed for more than or equal to 3 times.
|-
|| Open the LDmicro from the launcher bar
|| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.
|-
|| Click ‘Instructions -> Insert Contact’ >>

Place the cursor to the right of the contact >>

Click ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
|| Insert a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil''' as shown.
|-
|| Double-click on Xnew >> Type switch in name box >> Click OK button
|| Rename the '''Contact''' as '''‘switch’.'''
|-
|| Double click on the Ynew >> Rename it as ‘LED’ >> Click OK button
|| Then rename the '''Coil''' as '''‘LED’.'''.
|-
|| Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Click Instructions -> Counters -> Insert CTU
|| Place the cursor to the right of '''Xswitch'''.

Now insert a '''CTU''' from '''Instructions''' as shown here.
|-
|| Double-click on Cnew
|| Double-click on the '''counter'''.
|-
|| In the name column, type count
|| We can observe there are two columns.

First one is for the name of the '''counter'''.

Type '''‘count’''' in it.
|-
|| In the True if >= column type 3

Click the OK button
|| Second column is the '''condition''' column ‘'''True if >=’'''.

Here, we have to enter the desired count value.

We will enter 3 as the count value.

Click on the '''OK''' button.

Note that the name is prefixed by '''C''' by default.
|-
||
|| We will now check the working of this '''logic'''.
|-
|| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >>

Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
|| Let us turn '''on''' the '''simulation mode'''.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''

Next, start '''real-time simulation''' as shown.
|-
|| Highlight the state of Xswitch, YLED and Ccount in the I/O list
|| We can observe initially the states of '''Xswitch''', '''YLED''' and '''Ccount''' are 0.
|-
|| Double click on Xswitch in the I/O list
|| Double click on the '''Xswitch to '''change its state to 1.
|-
|| Highlight the state of Ccount and YLED
|| We can observe the state of the '''counter Ccount''' changes to 1.

But, the state of '''YLED''' is still 0.
|-
|| Double click on Xswitch
|| Now, change the state of '''Xswitch''' back to 0.
|-
|| Highlight the state of Ccount
|| We can observe the state of '''Ccount''' is still 1.
|-
||
|| That is the '''counter''' value updates only with the rising edge of its input.
|-
|| Double click on Xswitch for 3 times
|| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' from 0 to 1 for a couple more times.
|-
|| Highlight the state of Ccount
|| After 3 low to high transitions of '''Xswitch''', the state of '''Ccount''' reaches 3.
|-
|| Highlight the state of YLED
|| We can now observe the state of '''YLED''' changes to 1.
|-
|| Double click on Xswitch for 2 times
|| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 0.

Again change it back to 1.
|-
|| Highlight the state of YLED
|| The state of '''Ccount''' changes to 4.

We can observe that the state of '''YLED''' is still 1.
|-
||
|| Once the '''counter''' reaches desired count value, its output will always be 1.

This is because of the '''condition >= 3''' in the '''CTU''' instruction.
|-
|| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
|| Now, turn '''off''' the '''simulation mode'''.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode.'''
|-
||
|| Now let us '''compile''' the '''logic'''.

The detailed steps on how to '''compile''' and save the '''logic''' are explained in the earlier tutorials.
|-
|| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16
|| Click on '''Settings''' and select the '''microcontroller AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its '''parameters''' as shown here.
|-
|| Double-click on Xswitch in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
|| Assign '''pin PC0''' to '''Xswitch '''and '''PA0''' to '''YLED'''.
|-
|| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘ctu.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click '''OK''' button
|| '''Compile''' the '''logic''' as '''ctu.hex.'''
|-
|| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘ctu.ld’ >> Click on Save
|| Then save the '''ladder diagram''' as '''ctu.ld.'''
|-
||
|| We will now see the working of this '''logic''' on hardware.
|-
|| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

|| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn '''on''' the '''power supply'''.
|-
|| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:ctu.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
|| Open the '''Terminal''' by pressing '''CTRL+ALT+T''' keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you have saved the '''hex file'''.

Type the '''command''' as shown to upload the '''hex file''' to the '''Mainboard'''.
|-
|| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
|| Turn '''off''' the '''power supply'''.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.
|-
|| ctu.png
|| Let us see the connection details now.
|-
|| ctu.png to show all the connections as per the narration
|| Connect '''GND pin''' of the red '''LED''' of '''Traffic Light''' module to '''GND''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect '''+5V pin''' of red '''LED''' to '''PA0 pin''' of the '''Mainboard'''.
|-
|| ctu.png to show all the connections as per the narration
|| Connect '''GND''' and '''5V''' of '''switchboard''' to '''GND''' and '''5V''' of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Then connect '''NO1''' of the '''Switchboard''' to '''PC0''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.
|-
|| Turn on the power
|| After making all the connections properly, turn '''on''' the '''power supply'''.
|-
|| Red '''LED''' doesn't glow
|| Initially the red '''LED''' will not glow.
|-
|| Press switch '''NO1''' thrice
|| It will glow only when the switch''' NO1''' is pressed for at least three times.

So, press the switch''' NO1''' for 3 times.
|-
|| '''LED''' glows
|| We can see the '''LED''' will be glowing even after the '''NO1''' is released.
|-
|| Turn off the power.
|| Turn '''off''' the '''power supply'''.
|-
|| Slide 6: Resetting CTU

CTU counters can be reset using RES instruction
|| In order to turn '''off''' the '''LED''' we need to '''reset''' the '''counter'''.

It can be done by using a '''RESET''' instruction as learnt in the '''RTO''' tutorial.
|-
||
|| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.
|-
|| Slide 7: Summary
* Count up (CTU) counter
|| In this tutorial we learnt about working of '''Count up counter'''.
|-
|| Slide 8: Assignment
* Draw a ladder diagram to turn on an LED when the switch is pressed for >= 5 times.
* Include logic to reset the LED.

Hint: Use another Contact and RES instruction
|| As an assignment do the following:

# Draw a '''ladder diagram''' to turn '''on''' an '''LED'''. The '''condition''' is when the switch is pressed for more than or equal to 5 times.
# Include '''logic''' to '''reset''' the '''LED'''.

Hint: Use another '''Contact''' and '''RES''' instruction.
|-
|| Slide 9:

About Spoken Tutorial project
|| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it
|-
|| Slide 10:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
|| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:
* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us
|-
|| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
|| Please post your timed queries in this forum
|-
|| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
|| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.
|-
|| Slide 13:

Acknowledgement
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.
|-
|| Slide 14:

Thank you slide
|| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.
|-
|}

OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C3/CTU-Counter/English - Revision history

Nirmala Venkat: Created page with " {| border="1" |- | align=center| '''Visual Cue''' | align=center| '''Narration''' |- || Slide 1: || Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''CTU Counter''' |- || Slide 2: Lea..."