OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/Normal-Contact/English - Revision history

Nancyvarkey at 08:22, 1 July 2021

2021-07-01T08:22:55Z

Nirmala Venkat at 09:24, 23 June 2021

2021-06-23T09:24:54Z

Nirmala Venkat: Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Visual Cue''' | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
2021-06-23T09:23:57Z

Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center> | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <cent..."

New page

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Normal Contact.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: Learning Objectives

* Normal Contact

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn about the working of '''Normal Contact'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' OS
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC''' ''Mainboard'''
* 24V, 2A '''SMPS'''
* '''USBasp programmer'''
* '''Traffic Light module'''
* '''Switchboard module'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 18.04 operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC''' '''Mainboard'''
* 24V, 2A '''SMPS'''
* '''USBasp programmer'''
* '''Traffic Light module''' and
* '''Switchboard module'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* '''Program OpenPLC''' '''Mainboard''' and
* '''Interface OpenPLC modules''' with '''Mainboard'''.

If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* To follow this tutorial, you should know how to
'''program OpenPLC Mainboard''' and
'''interface OpenPLC modules''' with the '''Mainboard'''.
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

hardware-prerequisite.jpg
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Coil''' from '''Instructions'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the '''coil''' as '''LED'''. Click the OK button.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the''' Coil''' as '''LED '''as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the left of the coil

Click ‘Instruction -> Insert Contact’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the left of the '''Coil'''.

Insert a '''Contact''' from '''Instructions'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the contact
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the '''Contact'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| A dialog box opens.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight Negated

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can find a check-box called ‘'''Negated'''’ just below the name box.

If it is checked then the '''Contact''' is a '''Negated Contact'''.

If it is unchecked then the '''Contact''' is a '''Normal Contact.'''

'''Normal Contact''' will pass the '''signal''' when its '''state''' is '''logic 1'''.

Thus, we have two types of '''Contacts'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight Source column
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| These '''Contacts''' have three '''source types''' which are '''Internal Relay, Input pin, '''and''' Output pin'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight unchecked Negated box

Highlight Input pin
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| By default, '''Negated''' is unchecked with '''source''' as ‘'''Input pin'''’.

‘'''Input pin'''’ represents that '''Contact''' reads an '''input pin''' of the '''microcontroller'''.

Don't change them.

Keep the default '''settings''' as it is.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will learn about other '''types''' of '''Contact''' and '''sources''' in the later tutorials.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename it as ‘switch’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the '''Contact''' as ‘'''switch'''’ and click the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will check the working of this '''logic'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Simulation mode’ >> Click ‘Simulate -> Real-time simulation’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the '''simulation mode'''.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''

Next, start '''real-time simulation''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight state of Xswitch and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Observe the '''state''' of '''Xswitch''' and '''YLED''' in the '''I/O list'''.

Initially, the '''state''' of '''Xswitch''' and '''YLED''' are 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The '''input''' to the '''Xswitch''' is '''logic 1''' as it is connected to '''positive rail'''.

Change the '''state''' of '''Xswitch''' to 1 by double-clicking on it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight state of YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the '''state''' of the '''YLED''' has changed to 1.

That means '''input''' to '''YLED''' is '''logic 1'''.

This in turn indicates that '''output''' of '''Xswitch''' is '''logic 1'''.

Thus, when the '''state''' of a '''Normal Contact''' is 1, it passes the '''signal''' through it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn off the '''simulation mode'''.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us '''compile''' the '''logic'''.

The detailed steps on how to '''compile''' and save the '''logic''' are explained in the earlier tutorials.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16 >>Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select '''microcontroller AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its '''parameters''' as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign '''pin PA0''' to the '''Coil YLED'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then assign the '''pin PC0''' to '''Xswitch'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile as >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> rename it as ‘normalcontact.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Compile''' it as ‘'''normalcontact.hex'''’.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save As >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder>> Rename it as ‘normalcontact.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then save the '''ladder diagram''' as ‘'''normalcontact.ld'''’.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this '''logic''' on '''hardware'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''Mainboard''' to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the '''power supply'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Go to terminal >> type '''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:normalcontact.hex '''>> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the '''Terminal''' by pressing '''CTRL+ALT+T''' keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you have saved the '''hex''' file.

Type the '''command''' as shown and upload this '''hex''' file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the '''power supply'''.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any '''hardware''' damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| normalcontact-NO.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| normalcontact-NO.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' and 5V of the '''Switchboard''' to '''GND''' and 5V of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Then connect '''NO1''' of the '''Switchboard''' to '''PC0''' of the '''Mainboard.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| normalcontact-NO.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND pin''' of the red '''LED''' of '''Traffic Light module''' to '''GND''' pin of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect the '''+5V pin''' of the red '''LED''' to '''PA0 pin''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn on the '''power supply'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe the red '''LED''' is '''OFF''' initially.

It is '''ON''' whenever the '''NO1''' is pressed.

That is the corresponding '''switch LED''' and the red '''LED''' glows simultaneously.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| normalcontact-NC.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now connect '''PC0''' to '''NC1''' instead of '''NO1 '''as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let me show the live demo of the '''output'''.

We can observe that the red '''LED''' glows even before the '''switch''' is pressed.

And turns '''OFF''' whenever the '''NC1''' is pressed.

That is the corresponding '''switch LED''' and the red '''LED''' glows alternately.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| normalcontact-L.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now connect '''PC0''' to '''L1 '''as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially, the red '''LED''' is off.

When '''L1''' is pressed, both''' L1 switch LED''' and the red '''LED''' turns '''ON'''.

The '''LED''' will turn '''OFF''' when we press '''L1''' one more time as these are '''latch switches'''.

Thus, the corresponding '''switch LED''' and the red '''LED''' glows simultaneously.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This shows how a '''Normal Contact''' behaves with different types of '''switches'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn '''OFF''' the '''power supply'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Summary

* Normal Contact

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt about working of '''Normal Contact'''.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: Evaluation

Suppose that the '''input''' to '''Normal Contact''' is '''logic 0''' with its state as '''logic 1'''.

What will be the '''state/output''' of the '''Normal Coil'''?
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here is a self assessment question for you:

Suppose that the input to '''Normal Contact''' is '''logic 0''' with its '''state''' as '''logic 1'''.

What will be the '''state''' of the '''Normal Coil''' ?

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7: Answer

The state of the Normal Coil will be 0
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The answer is the '''state''' of the '''Normal Coil''' will be 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| * Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight Negated
-| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can find a check-box called ‘'''Negated'''’ just below the name box.
+| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can find a check-box called ‘'''Negated'''’ just below the '''Name''' box.
 If it is checked then the '''Contact''' is a '''Negated Contact'''.
@@ Line 127: / Line 127: @@
 |-
 | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Simulation mode’ >> Click ‘Simulate -> Real-time simulation’
-| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the '''simulation mode'''.
+| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn '''ON''' the '''simulation mode'''.
 For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''
@@ Line 157: / Line 157: @@
 |-
 | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
-| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn off the '''simulation mode'''.
+| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn '''OFF''' the '''simulation mode'''.
 For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''
@@ Line 243: / Line 243: @@
 |-
-| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
+| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn '''ON''' the '''power supply'''.
-| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn on the '''power supply'''.
+| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn '''ON''' the '''power supply'''.
 |-
-| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
+| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Red '''LED''' is '''OFF''
 | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe the red '''LED''' is '''OFF''' initially.
@@ Line 259: / Line 262: @@
 |-
-| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
+| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Red '''LED''' glows
 | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let me show the live demo of the '''output'''.
@@ Line 273: / Line 280: @@
 |-
-| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
+| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Red '''LED''' is '''OFF'''
-| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially, the red '''LED''' is off.
 When '''L1''' is pressed, both''' L1 switch LED''' and the red '''LED''' turns '''ON'''.
@@ Line 287: / Line 299: @@
 |-
-| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
+| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn '''OFF''' the '''power supply'''.
 | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn '''OFF''' the '''power supply'''.

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 * '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' OS
 * '''LDmicro'''
-* '''OpenPLC''' ''Mainboard'''
+* '''OpenPLC''' '''Mainboard'''
 * 24V, 2A '''SMPS'''
 * '''USBasp programmer'''