OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Internal-Relay-and-Output-pin/English - Revision history

Nancyvarkey at 01:16, 30 October 2020

2020-10-30T01:16:45Z

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Priyanka.guntaka123: Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Visual Cue''' | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
2020-10-28T09:13:11Z

Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center> | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <cent..."

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{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Internal Relay and Output pin'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: Learning Objectives

Types of sources available for Contacts/Coils

* Internal Relay
* Output pin

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial we will learn about,

* Types of sources available for Contacts/Coils.
* (i.e) '''Internal Relay''' and '''Output pin.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* Ubuntu 18.04''' '''OS
* LDmicro
* OpenPLC version 1 Mainboard
* 24V, 2A SMPS
* USBasp programmer
* Traffic Light module
* Switchboard module

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC version1 Mainboard'''
* '''24V, 2A SMPS'''
* '''USBasp''' programmer
* '''Traffic Light''' module and
* '''Switchboard''' module

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* Normal Contact and Coil
* Negated Contact and Coil

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| * To follow this tutorial, you should know the working of

# '''Normal Contact''' and '''Coil'''
# '''Negated Contact''' and '''Coil'''

* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

hardware-prerequisite.jpg
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First we will understand the working of an '''Internal Relay'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Internal Relay

* It can be thought of as a variable inside a PLC memory bit
* It does not affect the external I/O’s of the PLC

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| * Internal relay can be thought of as a variable inside a '''PLC''' memory bit.
* It does not affect the external I/O’s of the '''PLC'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Contact’

>> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact '''from '''Instructions.'''

Then to the right of it insert a '''Coil''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the Contact >> Rename the contact as ‘switch’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as''' ‘switch’.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the coil >> Select Internal Relay >> Rename it as ‘relay’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the Coil.

In the ‘'''Source'''’ column select ‘'''Internal Relay'''’.

Then rename it as ‘'''relay'''’.

Click the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the coil
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see that '''‘R’''' is prefixed instead of '''‘Y’''' in the name which indicates relay.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Edit -> Insert Rung After’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us add a new rung after the current rung.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Contact’ >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a Contact and a Coil in the newly added rung as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the contact >> Select Internal Relay >> Rename the contact as ‘switch’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the '''Contact'''.

In the '''‘Source’''' column select '''‘Internal''' '''Relay’'''.

Then rename it as '''‘relay’'''.

Click the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Rrelay’ in the IO list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the '''I/O''' list we can observe there is only one '''‘Rrelay’'''.

Both Contact and Coil are represented by the same '''internal''' '''relay'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the coil >> Rename it as ‘LED’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now rename the Coil as ‘'''LED’''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Simulation mode’ >> Click ‘Simulate -> Real-time simulation’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''

Next, start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of Xswitch, Rrelay and YLED in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the state of '''Xswitch''', '''YLED '''and''' Rrelay''' are 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of Rrelay and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the state of '''‘YLED’''' and '''‘Rrelay'''' have changed to 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Rrelay

Highlight ‘Rrelay’ in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now double click on '''Rrelay'''.

We can notice that we are not able to change the state of '''Rrelay'''.

This is because the Internal relay operates in the internal logic of the '''PLC'''.

It does not operate on the '''I/O''' pins directly.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn off the simulation mode.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us compile the logic.

The detailed steps on how to compile and save the logic are explained in the earlier tutorials.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters

>> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the microcontroller '''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its parameters as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign '''PC0''' '''pin''' to '''‘Xswitch’''' and '''PA0''' to '''‘YLED’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Rrelay in the I/O list

Highlight the text in the dialog box

>> Click the OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on '''Rrelay''' in the I/O list.

A dialog box opens.

It says that '''‘Can only assign pin number to input/output pins’'''.

Recall that, Internal relay represents a variable inside PLC memory.

Click on the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus working of this example is similar to the '''‘Normal Contact’''' example'''.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| So we will skip the hardware part.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘internalrelay.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Save the file as '''‘internalrelay.ld’ '''as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now learn about the source type '''‘Output''' '''pin’''' of the contact.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click File >> Click New
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open a new file in '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Contact’ >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil '''as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the Contact >> Rename the contact as ‘switch’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the Contact as ‘'''switch’'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the Coil >> Rename it as ‘LED1’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then rename the Coil as ‘'''LED1'''’.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Edit -> Insert Rung After >> Place the cursor in the newly added rung >> Click ‘Instructions -> Insert Contact’ >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a rung below.

Again, insert a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil''' in the newly added rung.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the contact >> Select Output pin >> Rename the contact as ‘LED1’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the '''Contact'''.

In the '''‘Source’''' column select '''‘Output''' '''pin’'''.

Then rename it as '''‘LED1’'''.

Click the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the name of the contact viz. YLED1
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe the name of the Contact is prefixed by '''Y '''and not''' X.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the coil >> Check the ‘Negated’ box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the Coil.

Check the '''‘Negated’''' box and rename it as '''LED2'''.

Click the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Simulation mode’ >> Click ‘Simulate -> Real-time simulation’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Start real-time simulation as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the states of all the instructions
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the state of '''Xswitch''' and '''YLED1''' are 0 and '''YLED2''' is 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch

Highlight the state of YLED1 and YLED2
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

We can observe that the state of the '''YLED1''' changes to 1 and '''YLED2''' to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| That is the output of '''YLED1''' is given as input to '''YLED2'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation

>> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the simulation mode as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us compile the logic.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP

Click on Settings

>> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the microcontroller '''AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.'''

Adjust its parameters as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight Xswitch pin number

Double-click on YLED1 in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on YLED2 in I/O list >> Select PA1 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that Xswitch has already been assigned pin PC0

Now, assign pin '''PA0''' to '''‘YLED1’''' and '''PA1''' to '''‘YLED2’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile >> rename it as ‘output-pin.hex’ >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Compile the logic as '''‘outputpin.hex’''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Rename it as ‘outputpin.ld’ >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then save the ladder diagram as '''‘outputpin.ld’''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this logic on hardware.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:outputpin.hex’ ''' >> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the terminal by pressing CTRL+ALT+T keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file.

Type the command as shown to upload the hex file to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| outputpin.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| outputpin.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' and 5V of '''Switchboard''' to GND and 5V of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Then connect '''NO1''' of the '''Switchboard''' to '''PC0''' of '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| outputpin.png

Point to the connections
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Beside the yellow LED of '''Traffic''' '''Light''' module, you will see a +5V pin.

Connect this +5V pin to 5V of the '''Mainboard'''.

Connect the '''‘EN’''' pin to the GND of the '''Mainboard'''.

Connect the '''‘L’''' pin to '''PA0''' of the '''Mainboard''' which represents '''YLED1'''.

Connect the '''‘Ri’''' pin to '''PA1''' of the '''Mainboard''' which represents '''YLED2'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly turn on the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the left green LED will be glowing.

Recall that bottom LED connections should be given logic low for an LED to glow.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point the output
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now press the switch '''NO1'''.

The right green LED starts glowing and the left one goes off at the same time.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus the output of the left green LED acts as input to the right green LED.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the power supply.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: Summary

* Internal Relay
* Output pin

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt about different source types such as

* Internal Relay
* Output pin

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7: Assignment

Draw a ladder logic to latch an LED

Hint:

* The LED should turn on when a switch is pressed
* It should stay on even after it is released.

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| As an assignment, draw a ladder logic to latch an LED.

Hint:

* The LED should turn on when a switch is pressed
* It should stay on even after it is released.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* Please post your timed queries in this Forum

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}