Ns-3-Network-Simulator/C3/Infrastructure-based-Wireless-Network/English - Revision history

Madhurig at 06:57, 12 April 2024

2024-04-12T06:57:36Z

Madhurig at 12:46, 8 April 2024

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Madhurig at 12:19, 8 April 2024

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Nirmala Venkat: Created page with "{| border="1" |- || '''Visual Cue''' || '''Narration''' |- || Show Slide: '''Title Slide''' || Welcome to Spoken tutorial on '''Infrastructure''' '''based''' '''wireless netwo..."

2024-04-08T05:37:02Z

Created page with "{| border="1" |- || '''Visual Cue''' || '''Narration''' |- || Show Slide: '''Title Slide''' || Welcome to Spoken tutorial on '''Infrastructure''' '''based''' '''wireless netwo..."

New page

{| border="1"
|-
|| '''Visual Cue'''
|| '''Narration'''
|-
|| Show Slide: '''Title Slide'''
|| Welcome to Spoken tutorial on '''Infrastructure''' '''based''' '''wireless network'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show Slide:

'''Learning Objectives'''
|| In this tutorial, we will learn to
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create an '''infrastructure''' based '''wireless network'''.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create three '''UDP flows''' in the channels.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Analyze the flow using a '''flow monitor'''.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Visualize the network using '''NetAnim'''.</div>

|-
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show Slide:

'''System Requirements'''
|| To record this tutorial, I am using
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Ubuntu Linux OS version 22.04.'''</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''ns-3 version '''3.38.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''NetAnim''' visualizer tool.</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show slide:

'''Pre-requisites'''
|| To follow this tutorial:
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The learner must have basic knowledge of ns-3 software</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">For pre-requisite ns-3 tutorials, please visit this website [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ https://spoken-tutorial.org]</div>

|- style="border:0.6pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"
|| <div style="color:#252525;">Show Slide:</div>

<div style="color:#252525;">'''Code Files'''</div>
||
* <div style="margin-left:1.87cm;margin-right:0cm;"><span style="color:#252525;">The files used in this tutorial are provided in the </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Code files'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> link.</span></div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.87cm;margin-right:0cm;"><span style="color:#252525;">Please download and extract the </span><span style="color:#000000;">files</span><span style="color:#252525;">.</span></div>
* <div style="color:#252525;margin-left:1.87cm;margin-right:0cm;">Make a copy and then use them while practicing.</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show Slide:

'''Infrastructure based Wifi network'''
|| For this tutorial, we would be creating the below infrastructure.

In this diagram, the '''nodes 0, 2 '''and''' 3''' are '''station nodes.'''

'''Node 1''' is the '''access point '''of the '''infrastructure'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
||
|| Now, let us learn about '''DSSS'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show Slide:

'''About DSSS'''
|| '''DSSS rate''' is '''data rate''' in a Wifi system.

It uses '''Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum modulation'''.

In a '''DSSS system''', data is spread over a '''wider bandwidth''' using a '''spreading code'''.

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show Slide:

'''About DSSS'''
|| The '''spreading code''' is a sequence of '''chips''' that modulates the '''data signal.'''
'''DSSS rate '''represents the speed of information transmitted after spreading.

'''DSSS''' can transfer up to''' 11 Mbps''' of '''data.'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Open code editor
|| I have created the source file '''wifi-simple-infra.cc''' for this program.

The source code contains the required functions to create an '''infrastructure based wireless network.'''

Now we will go through the source code in the text editor.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''std::string phyMode("DsssRate1Mbps");'''
|| We set the '''dsss rate''' of the '''physical layer''' to '''1 Mbps'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''double rss = -80'''
|| Next, we’ll set the''' Received Signal Strength '''or''' RSS''' to '''-80 dBm.'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''uint32_t packetSize = 1000;'''

'''uint32_t numPackets = 100;'''
|| Now we shall set the '''packet size''' to '''1000 bytes'''.

Then we’ll set the '''number of packets''' to be transmitted as '''100'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''Time interval = Seconds(0.003);'''
|| Further, we set the '''time interval''' between the '''packet transfer''' as '''0.003 seconds'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''uint32_t sinkNode = 1;'''

'''uint32_t sourceNode = 0;'''

|| Let us set up the '''source''' and''' sink nodes''' for the '''flow''' that we are yet to create.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''Config::SetDefault("ns3::WifiRemoteStationManager::NonUnicastMode", StringValue(phyMode));'''

|| Then we configure '''non-unicast mode '''of the '''wifi channel.'''

'''Non-unicast mode''' means that the data may be sent from one node to many nodes.

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''NodeContainer c;'''

'''c.Create(4);'''

|| Now, let us create a '''node container''' with '''four nodes'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''WifiHelper wifi;'''

'''if (verbose) { WifiHelper::EnableLogComponents(); } wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_STANDARD_80211b);'''

|| We shall now put the '''wifi''' '''network interface cards '''together.

For that, let us use the''' WifiHelper class.'''

Using '''Wifi-helper''' class, we '''enable logging components''' and '''set the wifi standard'''.

Here, the '''standard''' set is '''IEEE 802.11b.'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy;'''

'''wifiPhy.Set("RxGain", DoubleValue(0));'''

|| Then we shall use '''YansWifiPhyHelper class '''to set the '''RxGain attribute''' to''' zero'''.

'''RxGain''' is used to adjust the sensitivity of the receiving signal.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel;'''

'''wifiChannel.SetPropagationDelay("ns3::ConstantSpeedPropagationDelayModel");'''

'''wifiChannel.AddPropagationLoss("ns3::FixedRssLossModel", "Rss", DoubleValue(rss));'''
|| We use '''YansWifiChannelHelper''' '''class''' to set attributes of the '''transmitting channel'''.

Let us set the '''Propagation delay''' and '''add '''the '''propagation loss''' to our model.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create());'''
|| Next, we connect the''' wifi physical layer '''to the '''wifi-channel'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''WifiMacHelper wifiMac;'''

'''wifi.SetRemoteStationManager("ns3::ConstantRateWifiManager","DataMode", StringValue(phyMode), "ControlMode", StringValue(phyMode));'''

|| Now let us add MAC''' protocol '''to the '''Network Interface Cards''' that we installed.

Then we set a '''constant rate''' for '''data''' and '''control modes '''of '''wifi stations.'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''Ssid ssid = Ssid("wifi-default");'''
|| Then, we assign '''SSID '''to the network.

'''SSID''' or '''Service Set Identifier''' is a sequence of characters uniquely identifying a network.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''wifiMac.SetType("ns3::StaWifiMac", "Ssid", SsidValue(ssid));'''

'''NetDeviceContainer staDevice = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, c);'''

'''NetDeviceContainer devices = staDevice;'''
|| Let us now set up the '''station node '''by setting up''' MAC protocol '''and installing''' NIC.'''

We create a container '''staDevice '''to '''hold''' the '''installed Wifi devices'''.

As a next step, we shall take a copy of '''staDevice container '''in '''devices container.'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight

'''wifiMac.SetType("ns3::ApWifiMac", "Ssid", SsidValue(ssid));'''

'''NetDeviceContainer apDevice = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, c.Get(1));'''

'''devices.Add(apDevice);'''

|| Similarly, we shall set up the '''Access Point''' of the '''wireless network'''.

We have set up the '''AP node '''of the '''wireless network using ApWifiMac protocol'''.

We are also installing '''wifiphy''' to the '''node1''' of the wireless network.

Then '''ssid''' is assigned to the '''AP node''' of the network.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''MobilityHelper mobility;'''

'''Ptr<ListPositionAllocator> positionAlloc = CreateObject<ListPositionAllocator>();'''

'''positionAlloc->Add(Vector(3.0, 4.0, 3.0));'''

'''mobility.SetPositionAllocator(positionAlloc);'''
|| Now set up '''mobility '''for the nodes by allocating '''positions '''for the '''nodes''' created.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''mobility.SetMobilityModel("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");'''

'''mobility.Install(c);'''

|| Let us '''set''' the''' model '''to be '''ConstantPositionMobilityModel.'''

It represents the '''stationary''' or '''static nodes''' in a '''network simulation.'''

Also, '''install '''the''' model '''that we '''set,''' to all the '''nodes''' that we created.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''InternetStackHelper internet;'''

'''internet.Install(c);'''

|| Then let us install the''' internet stack''' on all the nodes.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;'''

'''ipv4.SetBase("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");'''

'''Ipv4InterfaceContainer i = ipv4.Assign(devices);'''

|| Now, we shall '''assign IP addresses''' to the '''nodes''' that we created
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''TypeId tid = TypeId::LookupByName("ns3::UdpSocketFactory");'''

|| The highlighted command is used to get the '''TypeId''' of '''UdpSocketFactory.'''

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''Ptr<Socket> recvSink = Socket::CreateSocket(c.Get(sinkNode), tid);'''
|| We shall create a receiving '''socket''' for the '''UDP Flow'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''InetSocketAddress local = InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), 80);'''
|| Let us create an '''internet socket''' '''address''' using any '''IPv4 address''' and '''port 80.'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''recvSink->Bind(local);'''
|| Then '''bind '''the '''receiving socket''' to the '''local addres'''s and to the '''port 80'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''recvSink->SetRecvCallback(MakeCallback(&ReceivePacket));'''</span>
|| Now set the '''receive''' '''callback function''' for the '''receiving socket'''.

When the '''packet '''is received in the '''sinknode''', we call '''RecievePacket function'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''Ptr<Socket> source = Socket::CreateSocket(c.Get(sourceNode), tid);'''
|| Let us then '''create''' a'''n UDP socket '''on '''node 0, '''which is our '''sourceNode'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''InetSocketAddress remote = InetSocketAddress(i.GetAddress(sinkNode, 0), 80);'''
|| We shall create an''' internet socket '''using '''Ipv4 address''' of '''sinknode''' and '''port 80'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''source->Connect(remote);'''
|| Let us connect the '''source socket '''to the '''remote address''' and '''port 80.'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''void'''

'''ReceivePacket(Ptr<Socket> socket)'''

'''{'''

'''while (socket->Recv()){ }'''

'''}'''

|| Now let’s define the '''function''' to '''call''' when the '''packets''' are received.

Here, we are invoking the '''receive functionality''' of the '''socket'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''static void'''

'''GenerateTraffic(Ptr<Socket> socket, uint32_t pktSize, uint32_t pktCount, Time pktInterval)'''

|| Then we define a '''function '''called '''generate packet traffic'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''if (pktCount > 0)'''

'''{'''

'''socket->Send(Create<Packet>(pktSize));'''

'''Simulator::Schedule(pktInterval,'''

'''&GenerateTraffic,'''

'''socket,'''

'''pktSize,'''

'''pktCount - 1,'''

'''pktInterval);'''

'''}'''

'''else'''

'''{'''

'''socket->Close();'''

'''}'''
|| When the '''number of''' '''packets''' is not''' zero''', we '''invoke''' the '''send '''function.

We also schedule the '''simulator '''to '''invoke '''the''' GenerateTraffic function.'''

When the '''number of packets''' is''' zero''', we '''close '''the '''socket'''.

Then, we '''stop invoking send function'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Only Narration
|| We have created''' two''' other '''UDP flows as well'''.

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''Simulator::Schedule(Seconds('''

'''10),&GenerateTraffic,source,packetSize,numPackets,interval);'''
|| Let us '''schedule''' the '''simulator''' to '''callback''' the '''generate_traffic function.'''

This procedure happens after '''ten seconds '''from the start''' of execution'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''Ptr<FlowMonitor> flowMonitor;'''
|| Then, '''Initialize''' '''flow monitor''' for '''tracing.'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| HIghlight '''FlowMonitorHelper flowHelper;'''

'''flowMonitor= flowHelper.InstallAll();'''

|| We shall then install a '''flow monitor''' on all the '''nodes'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''AnimationInterface anim ("animationwifi-infra-2.xml"); '''
|| Let us create the''' XML output''' of the program.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| HIghlight '''Ptr<Ipv4FlowClassifier> classifier=DynamicCast<Ipv4FlowClassifier> (flowHelper.GetClassifier());'''
|| Let us further create an object of the '''Ipv4FlowClassifier class.'''

The created '''object '''returns a''' pointer''' to the '''flow classifier.'''

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''std::map<FlowId,FlowMonitor::FlowStats> stats=flowMonitor->GetFlowStats();'''
|| To store the information about the '''network flow, '''let us use this command.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight the '''entire for loop.'''
|| Let’s retrieve the details of the flow using a '''for loop.'''

'''iter arrow first '''is used to collect the '''ID''' of the '''flow.'''

'''iter arrow second '''is used to collect the '''data '''associated with the''' flow.'''

We will analyze the '''type of flow''' and '''print''' the''' delay''' and '''throughput'''.

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''Simulator::Destroy()'''
|| The '''Destroy() '''function ends the simulation.

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Press '''Ctrl, Alt '''and '''T keys''' simultaneously

Navigate to the '''ns-allinone-3.38/ns3.38 '''directory

Type '''mv ~/Downloads/wifi-simple-infra.cc scratch/wifi-simple-infra.cc '''to move the source file to '''scratch '''directory.
|| Now we will observe the simulation.

Open the terminal by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt''' and '''T keys''' simultaneously.

Using the '''cd '''command, navigate to the installation directory of '''ns-3'''.

Go to the '''ns-3.38''' directory.

Move your '''source file''' to the '''scratch '''directory within the '''ns-3.38''' '''directory'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Type ./'''ns3 run scratch/wifi-simple-infra.cc'''
|| Run the command ./'''ns3 run scratch/wifi-simple-infra.cc '''

'''wifi-simple-infra.cc '''is the name of the source file.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Keep the terminal open and show the output of the command
|| After compilation, we get the details of each '''packet transfer'''.

'''TxPackets''' refers to the packets sent whereas '''RxPackets''' refers to the packets received.

We also see the '''average end to end delay''' and '''throughput''' of the '''wireless network'''.

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Navigate to '''netanim '''directory under '''ns-allinone-3.38'''

Type '''cd ..'''

Type '''cd netanim'''
|| Now, to visualize the network, we will use '''NetAnim'''.

Navigate to the '''netanim '''directory under '''ns-allinone-3.38.'''

For that, type '''cd .. '''in the terminal window.

Then type '''cd netanim'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Type ./'''NetAnim'''
|| Now type '''./NetAnim. '''

The '''NetAnim''' window should open.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Click on the Open''' XML trace file '''icon on the top left corner of the window.
|| Click on the Open''' XML trace file '''icon on the top left corner of the window.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| In the file picker, navigate to the '''ns-allinone-3.38/ns3.38 '''directory and select the '''animationwifi-infra-2.xml '''file.
|| In the file picker, '''navigate''' to the '''ns-allinone-3.38, '''then to''' ns3.38 '''directory.

Then select the''' animationwifi-infra-2.xml '''file.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| On the toolbar, click on the '''play button'''

Close the NetAnim window
|| On the toolbar, '''click''' on the '''play button''' to view the''' simulation.'''

We see the '''flow details''' of the''' wireless network.'''

Now, we can close the '''NetAnim''' window.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show Slide: '''Summary'''
|| <div style="color:#252525;">This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize. </div>

<div style="color:#252525;">In this tutorial, we have</div>

* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Created an '''infrastructure''' based '''wireless network'''.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Created three '''UDP flows''' in the channels.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Analyzed the flow using a '''flow monitor'''.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Visualized the network using NetAnim.</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show Slide : '''Assignment'''
|| As an assignment, please do the following

* <div style="margin-left:2.54cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create a '''simulation''' for a''' wireless network''' with three '''nodes'''.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:2.54cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create one''' access point (AP)''' and two '''stations'''.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:2.54cm;margin-right:0cm;">The '''AP '''and '''stations''' should use an '''802.11g physical layer'''.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:2.54cm;margin-right:0cm;">Implement''' UDP traffic''' between the''' stations''' and the '''AP.'''</div>
* <div style="margin-left:2.54cm;margin-right:0cm;">Set '''packet size''' as '''1500 bytes''' and send '''200 packets''' from each '''station''' to the''' AP.'''</div>
* <div style="margin-left:2.54cm;margin-right:0cm;">Set the''' RSS''' at the '''AP''' to''' -70 dBm'''.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:2.54cm;margin-right:0cm;">Set the''' interval''' between '''packets''' to '''0.005 seconds.'''</div>
* <div style="margin-left:2.54cm;margin-right:0cm;">Analyze the '''flow''' using '''flow monitor'''.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:2.54cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Visualize''' the '''network''' using '''NetAnim'''.</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show Slide:

'''Assignment- Observation'''
|| In the terminal window, you will get the following output.

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show Slide:

'''Assignment- Observation'''
|| In the NetAnim window, you would observe the following network.

Observe the packet transfer.
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"
|| <div style="color:#252525;">Show Slide:</div>

<div style="color:#252525;">'''About Spoken Tutorial Project'''</div>
|| <span style="color:#252525;">The video at the following link summarizes the </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Spoken Tutorial project'''</span><span style="color:#252525;">.</span>

<div style="color:#252525;">Please download and watch it.</div>
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"
|| <div style="color:#252525;">Show Slide:</div>

<div style="color:#252525;">'''Spoken Tutorial Workshops'''</div>
|| <span style="color:#252525;">The </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Spoken Tutorial Project'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> team conducts workshops and gives certificates.</span>

<div style="color:#252525;">For more details, please write to us.</div>
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"
|| <div style="color:#252525;">Show Slide:</div>

<div style="color:#252525;">'''Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial'''</div>
| style="color:#252525;" | Please post your timed queries in this forum.
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"
|| <div style="color:#252525;">Show Slide:</div>

<div style="color:#252525;">'''FOSSEE Forum'''</div>
|| <span style="color:#252525;">For any general or technical questions on </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''ns-3'''</span><span style="color:#252525;">, visit the</span><span style="color:#252525;">''' FOSSEE forum'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> and post your question.</span>
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"
|| <span style="color:#252525;">Show Slide: </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Acknowledgement'''</span>
|| <span style="color:#252525;">'''Spoken Tutorial'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> Project was established by the </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Ministry of Education, Government of India'''</span><span style="color:#252525;">.</span>
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"
|| Show Slide: '''Acknowledgement'''
|| <span style="color:#252525;">We thank </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Dr.Moyukh Laha'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> from </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''IIT Kharagpur'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> for his domain support.</span>

<span style="color:#252525;">We would also like to thank </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Dr. R. Radha, Dr. X. Anita, and Dr.T.Subbulakshmi '''</span><span style="color:#252525;">from</span><span style="color:#252525;">''' VIT, Chennai '''</span><span style="color:#252525;">for their support.</span>
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"
|| <div style="color:#252525;">Show Slide: Thank you</div>

<div style="color:#252525;"></div>
|| <span style="color:#252525;">This is </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Arun Santhosh'''</span><span style="color:#252525;">,a FOSSEE Summer Fellow 2023, IIT Bombay signing off.</span>
<div style="color:#252525;">Thank you for joining.</div>
|-
|}

@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 '''About DSSS'''
-|| '''DSSS rate''' is '''data rate''' in a Wifi system.
+|| '''DSSS rate''' is '''data rate''' in a '''Wifi''' system.
 It uses '''Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum modulation'''.
@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 '''DSSS rate '''represents the speed of information transmitted after spreading.
-'''DSSS''' can transfer up to''' 11 Mbps''' of '''data.'''
+'''DSSS''' can transfer up to  11 '''Mbps''' of '''data.'''
 |-
 || Open code editor
@@ Line 223: / Line 223: @@
 || Highlight '''TypeId tid = TypeId::LookupByName("ns3::UdpSocketFactory");'''
-|| The highlighted command is used to get the '''TypeId''' of '''UdpSocketFactory.'''
+|| The highlighted command is used to get the '''TypeId''' of '''UdpSocketFactory'''.
 |-
@@ Line 233: / Line 233: @@
 |-
 || Highlight '''recvSink->Bind(local);'''
-|| Then bind the '''receiving socket''' to the '''local addres'''s and to the '''port 80'''.
+|| Then bind the '''receiving socket''' to the '''local address''' and to the '''port 80'''.
 |-
 || Highlight <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''recvSink->SetRecvCallback(MakeCallback(&ReceivePacket));'''
@@ Line 241: / Line 241: @@
 |-
 || Highlight '''Ptr<Socket> source = Socket::CreateSocket(c.Get(sourceNode), tid);'''
-|| Let us then create a '''UDP socket''' on '''node''' 0, which is our '''sourceNode'''.
+|| Let us then create an '''UDP socket''' on '''node''' 0, which is our '''sourceNode'''.
 |-
 || Highlight '''InetSocketAddress remote = InetSocketAddress(i.GetAddress(sinkNode, 0), 80);'''
-|| We shall create an''' internet socket '''using '''Ipv4 address''' of '''sinknode''' and '''port 80'''.
+|| We shall create an''' internet socket ''' using '''Ipv4 address''' of '''sinknode''' and '''port 80'''.
 |-
 || Highlight '''source->Connect(remote);'''
-|| Let us connect the '''source socket '''to the '''remote address''' and '''port 80.'''
+|| Let us connect the '''source socket ''' to the '''remote address''' and '''port 80.'''
 |-
 || Highlight '''void'''
@@ Line 298: / Line 298: @@
 || When the number of packets is not zero, we invoke the '''send '''function.
-We also schedule the '''simulator '''to '''invoke '''the''' GenerateTraffic function.'''
+We also schedule the '''simulator '''to  invoke  the''' GenerateTraffic function.'''
 When the number of packets is zero, we  close  the '''socket'''.
@@ Line 305: / Line 305: @@
 |-
 || Only Narration
-|| We have created''' two''' other '''UDP flows as well'''.
+|| We have created two other '''UDP''' flows as well.
 |-
@@ Line 313: / Line 313: @@
 || Let us  schedule the '''simulator''' to '''callback''' the '''generate_traffic function.'''
-This procedure happens after  ten seconds from the start  of execution.
+This procedure happens after ten seconds from the start of execution.
 |-
 || Highlight '''Ptr<FlowMonitor> flowMonitor;'''
-|| Then,  Initialize '''flow monitor''' for '''tracing.'''
+|| Then,  Initialize '''flow monitor''' for '''tracing'''.
 |-
 || HIghlight '''FlowMonitorHelper flowHelper;'''
@@ Line 334: / Line 334: @@
 |-
 || Highlight '''std::map<FlowId,FlowMonitor::FlowStats> stats=flowMonitor->GetFlowStats();'''
-|| To store the information about the '''network flow, '''let us use this command.
+|| To store the information about the '''network flow''', let us use this command.
 |-
 || Highlight the '''entire for loop.'''
-|| Let’s retrieve the details of the flow using a '''for loop.'''
+|| Let’s retrieve the details of the flow using a '''for loop'''.
 '''iter arrow first '''is used to collect the '''ID''' of the '''flow.'''
@@ Line 347: / Line 347: @@
 |-
 || Highlight '''Simulator::Destroy()'''
-|| The '''Destroy() '''function ends the simulation.
+|| The '''Destroy() ''' function ends the simulation.
 |-
@@ Line 357: / Line 357: @@
 || Now we will observe the simulation.
-Open the terminal by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt''' and '''T keys''' simultaneously.
+Open the terminal by pressing '''Ctrl''', '''Alt''' and '''T keys''' simultaneously.
 Using the '''cd '''command, navigate to the installation directory of '''ns-3'''.
@@ Line 363: / Line 363: @@
 Go to the '''ns-3.38''' directory.
-Move your '''source file''' to the '''scratch '''directory within the '''ns-3.38''' '''directory'''.
+Move your '''source file''' to the '''scratch ''' directory within the '''ns-3.38''' '''directory'''.
 |-
 || Type ./'''ns3 run scratch/wifi-simple-infra.cc'''
-|| Run the command ./'''ns3 run scratch/wifi-simple-infra.cc '''
+|| Run the command ./'''ns3 space run space scratch/wifi-simple-infra.cc '''
 '''wifi-simple-infra.cc '''is the name of the source file.
@@ Line 400: / Line 400: @@
 |-
 || In the file picker, navigate to the '''ns-allinone-3.38/ns3.38 '''directory and select the '''animationwifi-infra-2.xml '''file.
-|| In the file picker, '''navigate''' to the '''ns-allinone-3.38, '''then to''' ns3.38 '''directory.
+|| In the '''file picker''', '''navigate''' to the '''ns-allinone-3.38, '''then to''' ns3.38 '''directory.
 Then select the''' animationwifi-infra-2.xml '''file.
@@ Line 411: / Line 411: @@
 We see the '''flow details''' of the''' wireless network.'''
-Now, we can close the '''NetAnim''' window.
 |-
 || Show Slide: '''Summary'''
@@ Line 421: / Line 421: @@
 * Created three '''UDP flows''' in the channels.
 * Analyzed the flow using a '''flow monitor'''.
-* Visualized the network using NetAnim.
+* Visualized the network using '''NetAnim'''.
 |-
@@ Line 427: / Line 427: @@
 || As an assignment, please do the following
-* Create a '''simulation''' for a''' wireless network''' with three '''nodes'''.
+* Create a '''simulation''' for a ''' wireless network''' with three '''nodes'''.
-* Create one''' access point (AP)''' and two '''stations'''.
+* Create one ''' access point (AP)''' and two '''stations'''.
 * The '''AP '''and '''stations''' should use an '''802.11g physical layer'''.
-* Implement''' UDP traffic''' between the''' stations''' and the '''AP.'''
+* Implement''' UDP traffic''' between the''' stations''' and the '''AP'''.
 * Set '''packet size''' as '''1500 bytes''' and send '''200 packets''' from each '''station''' to the''' AP.'''
 * Set the''' RSS''' at the '''AP''' to''' -70 dBm'''.
@@ Line 447: / Line 447: @@
 '''Assignment- Observation'''
-|| In the NetAnim window, you would observe the following network.
+|| In the '''NetAnim''' window, you would observe the following network.
 Observe the packet transfer.
@@ Line 468: / Line 468: @@
 '''Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial'''
-| style="color:#252525;" | Please post your timed queries in this forum.
+|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.
 |-
 || Show Slide: