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Created page with "{| border=1 |- || '''Time''' || '''Narration''' |- || 00:01 || Hello and welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Creating User Account''' in '''Linux.''' |- || 00:08 || In this..."

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{| border=1
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|| '''Time'''
|| '''Narration'''
|-
|| 00:01
|| Hello and welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Creating User Account''' in '''Linux.'''
|-
|| 00:08
|| In this tutorial we will learn about

|-
|| 00:10
||Creating '''user account '''with different options

'''slash etc slash passwd file''', '''slash etc slash shadow file'''
|-
|| 00:22
|| To record this tutorial, I am using '''Ubuntu Linux 16.04 OS'''
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|| 00:29
|| To practice this tutorial, You should have gone through the''' Linux '''tutorial series''' '''on this website.

|-
|| 00:36
||And you must have '''root access '''to the computer.
|-
|| 00:41
|| In an earlier tutorial on basics of '''system administration''', we have learnt

To add a''' user '''using the following command:

|-
|| 00:49
||Please note that the '''option field '''here, is not mandatory.

|-
|| 00:54
||We will elaborate on the '''option field''' in this tutorial.

|-
|| 00:59
|| Open the '''Terminal '''by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt and T '''keys simultaneously on the keyboard.
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|| 01:06
|| First, you should login as '''superuser '''or '''root user'''.

|-
|| 01:11
||To do so type: '''sudo space su '''and press '''Enter.'''
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|| 01:18
|| Type your''' password '''and then press '''Enter'''.
|-
|| 01:22
|| Notice, our '''login prompt '''has changed to a '''hash''' symbol.

|-
|| 01:27
||This indicates that we are in the '''root user '''mode.
|-
|| 01:31
|| Now, let’s consider a scenario of a college.

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|| 01:35
||We will have students, departments, etc.

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|| 01:39
||As a '''system administrator''', you should first create a '''user account '''for individual students.
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|| 01:46
|| Let’s add one '''user''' say '''amit''' using '''adduser command'''.

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|| 01:51
||So, on the '''terminal '''type: '''adduser space amit '''and press '''Enter'''
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|| 02:00
|| It will prompt us to type the '''password''' for the''' user amit.'''

|-
|| 02:04
||Let’s type '''pass underscore amit '''and press '''Enter.'''
|-
|| 02:10
|| Retype the same '''password '''and press '''Enter.'''
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|| 02:14
|| When it prompts for the '''Full Name '''field, type the name of the '''user '''as '''Amit '''with '''A '''in caps.

Press '''Enter.'''

|-
|| 02:23
||Leave the other fields empty by pressing the '''Enter key.'''
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|| 02:28
|| Press '''Y '''to confirm that the information you provided is correct.

Press '''Enter'''
|-
|| 02:36
|| So, we got back our '''root command prompt.'''

The user '''amit''' is created now.
|-
|| 02:42
|| '''Linux''' automatically assigns a '''UID '''or''' User ID''' to the '''user'''.

|-
|| 02:49
|| It also creates a '''home directory '''for the '''user '''in the '''system’s home''' folder.

In this case, it is '''slash home slash amit'''
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|| 03:00
|| A '''group '''is also created with the same name as the '''username '''of the '''user'''.
|-
|| 03:05
|| Now, say we want a '''customized user ID '''or '''group '''

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|| 03:11
||Or a '''home directory''' other than the default one

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|| 03:15
||Or we want to change the '''default login shell '''

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|| 03:20
|| '''adduser''' supports options for each of these requirements.

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|| 03:25
||Also you can combine multiple options to set multiple values in a single '''command'''.

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|| 03:32
|| '''Hyphen u '''option is used to set '''user ID'''

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|| 03:37
||'''Hyphen home''' sets '''user home directory'''

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|| 03:41
||'''Hyphen shell '''sets the '''login shell '''for the '''user'''

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|| 03:46
||'''Hyphen c''' option is used to mention '''comments'''
|-
|| 03:51
|| Let us take an example.

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|| 03:53
||Say we want to add a '''user Kaushik with '''

'''user ID '''as '''1050'''

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|| 04:00
||'''home directory '''as '''testdir '''

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|| 04:04
||'''login shell '''as''' slash bin slash sh'''

|-
|| 04:08
||Also add “'''Kaushik is a re-registered student” '''in the''' comments'''.

|-
||04:14
|| Switch to the '''terminal.'''

Let me clear the '''terminal'''.

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|| 04:18
||Type the '''command '''as shown here

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|| 04:23
||Press '''Enter.'''
|-
|| 04:26
|| It will ask you to enter the '''password''' for '''Kaushik.'''

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|| 04:30
||I will type the '''password '''as '''pass underscore kaushik '''

press '''Enter.'''
|-
|| 04:37
|| Retype the same '''password '''and press '''Enter.'''
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|| 04:42
|| Give the '''Full Name '''of the '''user '''as '''Kaushik '''with '''K''' in caps

press '''Enter.'''
|-
|| 04:51
|| And proceed as we have done before.
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|| 04:57
|| So, the''' user kaushik''' is created now.
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|| 05:01
|| Now type '''ls space /home '''and press '''Enter.'''

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|| 05:07
||Notice, we have a new '''directory testdir.'''
|-
|| 05:12
|| How can we view other information such as '''user ID, login shell '''etc.?

|-
|| 05:19
||In '''Linux''', all '''configuration files '''are stored in simple '''text files'''.

|-
|| 05:25
||'''''/etc/passwd'' '''file contains the entire information about all the '''user accounts.'''

|-
|| 05:33
|| Let us have a look at the '''/etc/passwd '''file.

|-
|| 05:37
||Switch to the '''terminal'''

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|| 05:40
||Type '''cat space /etc/passwd '''and press '''Enter.'''
|-
|| 05:48
|| There will be an entry in this file for every '''user '''on the system.

|-
|| 05:53
||Our '''passwd''' file shows this line for user '''Amit'''.

|-
|| 05:58
||Each line has seven '''fields '''separated by '''colon'''.

|-
|| 06:02
||Let us understand the '''fields '''one by one.
|-
|| 06:06
|| The first '''field '''is the '''username amit.'''

|-
|| 06:10
||Remember, '''username '''should start with a lowercase letter, followed by any number of lowercase letters or digits

|-
|| 06:19
||No special character other than '''underscore '''is allowed in the '''username'''

|-
|| 06:25
||You should remember this while you are creating a '''user account'''
|-
|| 06:29
|| The second field is for '''password'''.

|-
|| 06:32
||An '''x''' character indicates that the '''encrypted hash password '''is stored in the file '''/etc/shadow'''.
|-
|| 06:41
|| The third field is '''user ID '''for that particular '''user'''.
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|| 06:46
|| '''User id 0''' is reserved for '''root user'''.

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|| 06:50
||'''User ids '''upto '''999 '''are reserved for other '''administrative '''or '''system users'''.

|-
|| 06:58
||Real '''user account id''' starts from '''1000'''.

|-
|| 07:02
||So, you should specify a number more than '''1000 '''in the '''adduser command'''.

|-
|| 07:08
|| The fourth '''field '''stores the '''primary group id''' for the '''user'''.

|-
|| 07:13
||At the fifth place, we have the''' comments field'''.

|-
|| 07:17
||It basically stores information about the '''user '''such as name of the '''user''', '''room number, phone number, '''etc.
|-
|| 07:26
|| The sixth '''field '''indicates the '''home directory''' for the '''user'''.

|-
|| 07:31
||At the end, we have the '''login shell '''of the '''user'''.
|-
|| 07:36
|| Notice that, we have default values set for '''user Amit.'''

|-
|| 07:42
||However, '''user kaushik '''is created with our customized values.
|-
|| 07:48
|| Now, let’s have a look at the '''/etc/shadow''' file, where the '''encrypted passwords '''are stored.

|-
|| 07:57
||Type '''cat space /etc/shadow '''and press '''Enter.'''
|-
|| 08:05
|| In this file, every line has information about a particular '''user'''.

|-
|| 08:10
||And each line contains various fields separated by '''colon'''.

|-
|| 08:16
||The first '''field '''is '''username''', which must correspond to '''username field '''in '''/etc/passwd''' file.
|-
|| 08:25
|| Notice, the second '''field '''is the '''encrypted password '''for that '''user'''.

Let us skip the other '''fields '''for now.
|-
|| 08:33
|| To exit from the '''root user access''', type '''exit''' and press '''Enter.'''
|-
|| 08:39
|| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.
|-
|| 08:44
|| In this tutorial we learnt about- Creating '''user account '''with different options like

Specific '''user id''', Specific '''Home Directory''', Specific '''shell'''

|-
|| 08:56
||And adding '''comments '''

|-
|| 08:59
|| We also learnt about some of the '''fields '''in the *'''/etc/passwd '''and '''/etc/shadow '''files.

|-
||09:10
|| As an assignment

Create '''user ankit '''with '''User ID '''as '''1500'''

|-
|| 09:17
|| '''Home directory '''named '''ankit underscore newdir'''

|-
|| 09:22
||'''Login shell '''as '''/bin/csh'''

|-
|| 09:27
|| Include''' “Hostel 15”''' in the '''comment'''

|-
|| 09:30
||Use a single '''command''' to perform all the tasks

|-
|| 09:34
||Check the''' /etc/passwd''' file for the details of '''user account ankit'''

|-
|| 09:41
|| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.
|-
|| 09:49
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' team conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.
|-
|| 09:58
|| Do you have questions in this Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site.

|-
|| 10:03
||Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

|-
|| 10:10
||Someone from our team will answer them.
|-
|| 10:14
|| The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial.

|-
|| 10:19
||Please do not post unrelated and general questions on them.

This will help reduce the clutter.

|-
|| 10:26
||With less clutter, we can use these discussion as instructional material.
|-
|| 10:32
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

|-
|| 10:38
|| The script has been contributed by Antara and this is Praveen from IIT Bombay signing off.

Thank you for joining.
|-
|}

Linux-for-Sys-Ads/C2/Creating-user-account/English-timed - Revision history

PoojaMoolya: Created page with "{| border=1 |- || '''Time''' || '''Narration''' |- || 00:01 || Hello and welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Creating User Account''' in '''Linux.''' |- || 00:08 || In this..."