Linux-New/C2/Basics-of-System-Administration-in-Linux/English - Revision history

Madhurig: Madhurig moved page Linux-Ubuntu/C2/Basics-of-System-Administration-in-Linux/English to Linux-New/C2/Basics-of-System-Administration-in-Linux/English

2026-03-24T11:09:52Z

Madhurig moved page Linux-Ubuntu/C2/Basics-of-System-Administration-in-Linux/English to Linux-New/C2/Basics-of-System-Administration-in-Linux/English

Madhurig at 10:57, 11 March 2026

2026-03-11T10:57:16Z

Madhurig at 14:24, 24 January 2026

2026-01-24T14:24:25Z

Ketkinaina: Created page with "'''Title of the Script: Basics of System Administration in Linux''' '''Author: EduPyramids''' '''Keywords: '''su, adduser, usermod, userdel, UID, GID, du, df, Linux, System..."

2026-01-23T20:58:52Z

Created page with "'''Title of the Script: Basics of System Administration in Linux''' '''Author: EduPyramids''' '''Keywords: '''su, adduser, usermod, userdel, UID, GID, du, df, Linux, System..."

New page

'''Title of the Script: Basics of System Administration in Linux'''

'''Author: EduPyramids'''

'''Keywords: '''su, adduser, usermod, userdel, UID, GID, du, df, Linux, System Admin, EduPyramids, video tutorial.

{|border=1
|-
|| '''Visual Cue'''
|| '''Narration'''
|-
|| '''Slide 1'''

'''Title Slide'''
|| Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Basics of System Administration in Linux.'''
|-
|| '''Slide 2'''

'''Learning Objectives'''
|| In this tutorial, we will learn to:
* Create, modify, switch, and delete Linux user accounts.
* View details of users, groups, and system IDs.
* Monitor disk usage, file and directory sizes, and file system space.
* Use basic Linux commands for system and storage management.
|-
|| '''Slide 3'''

'''System Requirements'''
|| To record this tutorial, I am using,

'''Ubuntu '''version 24 point zero 4.
|-
|| '''Slide 4'''

'''Pre-requisites'''

[https://edupyramids.org/ https://EduPyramids.org]

|| To follow this tutorial,

Learners should have '''Ubuntu '''version 24 point zero 4.

Admin access or the root permission to execute the commands shown in the tutorial.

For the prerequisite Linux tutorials please visit this website.
|-
|| '''Slide 5'''

'''Code files'''

The following code file is required to practice this tutorial.

'''sa-commands.txt'''

This file is provided in the Code Files link of this tutorial page.
|| The following code file is required to practice this tutorial.

This file is provided in the Code Files link of this tutorial page.
|-
||
|| Let us create a new user account.
|-
|| '''Slide 6'''

'''adduser '''
|| The '''adduser''' command creates a new user with login credentials.

We can add user accounts with the help of the '''sudo '''command.
|-
|| '''Slide 7'''

'''sudo'''
|| The '''sudo '''command lets authorized users run commands as administrators.

The '''sudo '''command has several options.

We will learn these as we progress in this tutorial.
|-
|| '''Type: sudo adduser '''

and press '''Enter'''.

'''Type administrator password''' and press '''Enter'''. Highlight message '''adduser: Only one or two names allowed'''
|| Let us now learn how to create a new user.In the terminal type '''sudo space add user'''and press '''Enter'''.

Type the '''administrator password''' and press '''Enter'''.

The password typed in the terminal is not visible, so type it carefully.

After entering the password, a message saying'''Only one or two names allowed.'''
|-
|| Type '''sudo adduser edupyramids'''

Press '''Enter'''.Show side by side in files '''edupyramids.'''
|| So, let us create a new user account named '''edupyramids'''. Type: '''sudo space adduser space edupyramids '''and press '''Enter'''.

We have now created a new user called '''edupyramids'''.

A separate home directory is created automatically during the user creation.
|-
|| Type password: '''edup12345'''Press '''Enter'''again type password: '''edup12345 '''press '''Enter'''

Highlight additional details asking in the terminal.
|| Please note that you will be prompted to set a '''new password''' for the user '''edupyramids'''.

Type a password of your choice.I am typing '''edu p 1 2 3 4''' '''5''' as the password and press '''Enter'''.

We will be asked to type the new password again.The password is requested twice for security and confirmation.

The password for the new user is now set.
|-
|| Full Name: '''EduPyramids'''press '''Enter'''

Press '''y'''Press '''Enter'''
|| Next, we are prompted to enter additional details.Let us enter only the '''Full Name''' as '''EduPyramids'''.

Let’s leave the remaining fields blank by pressing the '''Enter''' key.

Finally, to confirm the information type '''y''' and press Enter. This confirms that all the entered details are correct.
|-
|| Type''' ls /home'''Press '''Enter'''Highlight '''edupyramids'''
|| Let us now check if the user account has been created.

For that type: '''l s space slash home'''and press '''Enter'''.

Here, we can see our newly created user named '''edupyramids'''.The next command we will look at is '''su'''.
|-
|| '''Slide 8'''

'''su command'''
|| '''su''' stands for '''switch user'''.It is used to switch from the current user to another user account.
|-
|| '''Switch to the terminal'''

'''Type'''

'''su - edupyramids'''

'''press enter'''

'''Highlight edupyramids@spoken-Inspiron-One- :/$'''

'''enter password: edup12345'''

Type '''logout'''

and press enter
|| Now type, '''su space hyphen space edupyramids''' and press '''Enter'''.

At the prompt enter the password for the user '''edupyramids'''. Please recall that the password we had set was '''edu p 1 2 3 4 5'''.

Observe that the Terminal shows the new user prompt.

To log out from this user, type '''logout''' and press '''Enter'''.

The terminal now logs out from the current user, '''edupyramids'''.

It returns to the previous user account, '''spoken'''.
|-
|| '''Slide 9'''

'''usermod command '''
|| Let us now learn about the '''user mod''' command.

The '''user mod''' command lets a superuser modify existing user accounts.

It can lock or disable accounts, manage passwords, and set account expiry dates.
|-
|| '''Type sudo usermod -e 2026-12-27 edupyramids'''

'''Highlight -e'''
|| We will now set an expiry date for the user account '''edupyramids'''.

Type: '''sudo space usermod space hyphen e space 2026 hyphen 12 hyphen 27 space edupyramids '''and press '''Enter'''.If prompted, type the admin password.

The user account expiry date is now set using the '''hyphen e''' option.

This means the user account '''edupyramids''' will be disabled after 27 December 2026.
|-
|| '''Type id'''

and press Enter.
|| At the terminal, type '''id''' and press Enter.

The output shows, '''User I D, Group I D''',and the groups to which the current user belongs.
|-
|| '''Slide 10'''

'''UID '''
|| '''U I D '''stands for '''User I D. '''It is a unique number assigned by the system to each user account.

It identifies the user for permissions and ownership.
|-
|| '''Slide 11'''

'''GID'''
|| '''G I D '''stands for '''Group I D.'''

It is a unique number assigned to a group.

It identifies a group of users for file and directory permissions.
|-
|| Type''' id -u '''press''' Enter'''
|| To display only the '''User I D''', type:'''id space hyphen u press Enter'''

The output shows only the user ID of the current user.
|-
|| Type '''id -n -u''' press '''Enter'''
|| To see the '''username''' instead of the''' numeric ID''', type '''id space hyphen n space hyphen u'''

and press Enter.

The output shows the '''username''' corresponding to the user ID.
|-
|| Type''' id -g '''press''' EnterHighlight output'''Type''' id -G '''press''' EnterHighlight output'''
|| Let us now learn the commands related to '''Group ID'''s.

At the terminal, type '''id space hyphen g''' and press Enter.

This displays the '''primary group ID''' of the current user.

To see all group IDs of the current user,

type: '''id hyphen capital G '''and press '''Enter'''

You can now see a list of all '''group IDs''' associated with the current user.
|-
||
|| Now let us learn to delete a user using the '''userdel''' command.The '''userdel''' command permanently deletes a user account.
|-
|| Type''' sudo userdel -r edupyramids '''press''' Enter'''Type''' ls /home '''press''' Enter'''
|| Type '''sudo space userdel space hyphen r space edupyramids '''and press '''Enter'''.

The '''hyphen r '''option removes the user along with its user’s home directory.

Press '''Enter''' to see what happens.

Now, the user '''edupyramids''' has been deleted.

To verify this, type:

'''ls space slash home '''

and press '''Enter'''.

We can see that the user account '''edupyramids''' has been deleted.

The''' hyphen r''' option removes the home directory as well.
|-
|| '''Slide 12'''

'''df and du '''
|| Some useful system administration commands are '''d f''' and '''d u'''.

The '''d f''' command displays the available and used disk space.

The''' d u''' command shows how much disk space a file or directory occupies.
|-
||
|| Let us clear the screen
|-
|| '''Type df -h '''press''' Enter'''
||

On the terminal type:

'''d f space hyphen h'''

and press '''Enter'''.

We see:
* The size of each file system.
* The space used and available.
* The mount points.

The '''hyphen h '''option shows the sizes in human-readable format, for easy understanding.
|-
|| Type: '''touch test1 test2 test3''' and press '''Enter'''.
|| Let us now try some options with the '''d u''' command.

Let me create test files named as test1 test2 test3 in my home directory.
|-
|| Type''' du -s * '''press''' Enter'''

Highlight the summary in the output

'''Type cd /home/spoken '''and press '''Enter'''.

type: '''du -s * '''and press '''Enter'''.

Highlight the summary of the sizes shown in the output

type '''du -ch *'''press '''Enter'''

Highlight the output
|| Now type:

'''d u space hyphen s space asterisk '''and press '''Enter'''.Option '''hyphen s''' gives a summary per file.

This command gives a summary of the sizes of all files in the folder.

Next, type '''du hyphen c h asterisk '''press''' Enter '''to''' '''observe the output.

'''hyphen c''' provides a total size.

'''h''' makes sizes human-readable.
|-
|| '''Slide 13'''

'''Summary'''

In this tutorial we have learnt to:
* Create, modify, switch, and delete Linux user accounts.
* View details of users, groups, and system IDs.
* Monitor disk usage, file and directory sizes, and file system space.
* Use basic Linux commands for system and storage management.
|| With this we come to the end of this tutorial.

Let us Summarize.
|-
|| '''Slide 14'''

'''Assignment'''

As an assignment
# Create a new user''' demo '''and verify the home directory.
# Switch users using '''su''' and '''logout'''.
# Set an expiry date for this user using usermod -'''e'''.
# Check the '''UID''' and '''GID''' of users
# Use '''df -h''' and '''du -ch <nowiki>*</nowiki> '''to check disk usage for practice files.
|| As an assignment, please do the following.
|-
|| '''Slide 15'''

'''Thank you'''
|| This Spoken Tutorial is brought to you by EduPyramids Educational Services Private Limited, SINE, IIT Bombay.Thank you.
|-
|}

← Older revision	Revision as of 11:09, 24 March 2026
(No difference)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Title of the Script: Basics of System Administration in Linux'''
 '''Author: EduPyramids'''
@@ Line 82: / Line 83: @@
 and press '''Enter'''.
-'''Type administrator password''' and press '''Enter'''. Highlight message '''adduser: Only one or two names allowed'''
+'''Type administrator password''' and press '''Enter'''.
 || Let us now learn how to create a new user.
@@ Line 210: / Line 213: @@
 and the groups to which the current user belongs.
 |-
-|| '''Slide 10'''
-−
-'''UID '''
-|| '''U I D '''stands for '''User I D. '''It is a unique number assigned by the system to each user account.
-−
-It identifies the user for permissions and ownership.
-|-
-|| '''Slide 11'''
-−
-'''GID'''
-|| '''G I D '''stands for '''Group I D.'''
-−
-It is a unique number assigned to a group.
-−
-It identifies a group of users for file and directory permissions.
-|-
 || Type''' id -u '''press''' Enter'''
 || To display only the '''User I D''', type:'''id space hyphen u press Enter'''
@@ Line 238: / Line 226: @@
 The output shows the '''username''' corresponding to the user ID.
 |-
-|| Type''' id -g '''press''' EnterHighlight output'''Type''' id -G '''press''' EnterHighlight output'''
+|| Type''' id -g '''press''' Enter.
 || Let us now learn the commands related to '''Group ID'''s.
@@ Line 256: / Line 248: @@
 The '''userdel''' command permanently deletes a user account.
 |-
-|| Type''' sudo userdel -r edupyramids '''press''' Enter'''Type''' ls /home '''press''' Enter'''
+|| Type''' sudo userdel -r edupyramids '''press''' Enter'''
 || Type '''sudo space userdel space hyphen r space edupyramids ''' and press '''Enter'''.
@@ Line 275: / Line 269: @@
 The ''' hyphen r''' option removes the home directory as well.
 |-
-|| '''Slide 12'''
-−
-'''df and du '''
-|| Some useful system administration commands are '''d f''' and '''d u'''.
-−
-The '''d f''' command displays the available and used disk space.
-−
-The''' d u''' command shows how much disk space a file or directory occupies.
-|-
 ||
 || Let us clear the screen
@@ Line 358: / Line 344: @@
 # Check the '''UID''' and '''GID''' of users
 # Use '''df -h''' and '''du -ch <nowiki>*</nowiki> '''to check disk usage for practice files.
 || As an assignment, please do the following.
 |-
@@ Line 363: / Line 350: @@
 '''Thank you'''
-|| This Spoken Tutorial is brought to you by EduPyramids Educational Services Private Limited, SINE, IIT Bombay.Thank you.
 |-
 |}

@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 '''Type administrator password''' and press '''Enter'''. Highlight message '''adduser: Only one or two names allowed'''
-|| Let us now learn how to create a new user.In the terminal type '''sudo space add user'''and press '''Enter'''.
+|| Let us now learn how to create a new user.
 Type the '''administrator password''' and press '''Enter'''.
@@ Line 94: / Line 96: @@
 Press '''Enter'''.Show side by side in files '''edupyramids.'''
-|| So, let us create a new user account named '''edupyramids'''. Type: '''sudo space adduser space edupyramids '''and press '''Enter'''.
+|| So, let us create a new user account named '''edupyramids'''.
 We have now created a new user called '''edupyramids'''.
@@ Line 106: / Line 110: @@
 || Please note that you will be prompted to set a '''new password''' for the user '''edupyramids'''.
-Type a password of your choice.I am typing '''edu p 1 2 3 4''' '''5''' as the password and press '''Enter'''.
+Type a password of your choice.
-We will be asked to type the new password again.The password is requested twice for security and confirmation.
+The password is requested twice for security and confirmation.
 The password for the new user is now set.
@@ Line 115: / Line 124: @@
 Press '''y'''Press '''Enter'''
-|| Next, we are prompted to enter additional details.Let us enter only the '''Full Name''' as '''EduPyramids'''.
+|| Next, we are prompted to enter additional details.
 Let’s leave the remaining fields blank by pressing the '''Enter''' key.
-Finally, to confirm the information type '''y''' and press Enter. This confirms that all the entered details are correct.
+Finally, to confirm the information type '''y''' and press Enter.
 |-
 || Type''' ls /home'''Press '''Enter'''Highlight '''edupyramids'''
 || Let us now check if the user account has been created.
-For that type: '''l s space slash home'''and press '''Enter'''.
+For that type: '''l s space slash home'''
-Here, we can see our newly created user named '''edupyramids'''.The next command we will look at is '''su'''.
+Here, we can see our newly created user named '''edupyramids'''.
 |-
 || '''Slide 8'''
 '''su command'''
-|| '''su''' stands for '''switch user'''.It is used to switch from the current user to another user account.
+|| '''su''' stands for '''switch user'''.
 |-
 || '''Switch to the terminal'''
@@ Line 150: / Line 168: @@
 || Now type, '''su space hyphen space edupyramids''' and press '''Enter'''.
-At the prompt enter the password for the user '''edupyramids'''. Please recall that the password we had set was '''edu p 1 2 3 4 5'''.
+At the prompt enter the password for the user '''edupyramids'''.
 Observe that the Terminal shows the new user prompt.
@@ Line 174: / Line 194: @@
 || We will now set an expiry date for the user account '''edupyramids'''.
-Type: '''sudo space usermod space hyphen e space 2026 hyphen 12 hyphen 27 space edupyramids '''and press '''Enter'''.If prompted, type the admin password.
+Type: '''sudo space usermod space hyphen e space 2026 hyphen 12 hyphen 27 space edupyramids '''and press '''Enter'''.
 The user account expiry date is now set using the '''hyphen e''' option.
@@ Line 185: / Line 207: @@
 || At the terminal, type '''id''' and press Enter.
-The output shows, '''User I D, Group I D''',and the groups to which the current user belongs.
+The output shows, '''User I D, Group I D''',
 |-
 || '''Slide 10'''
@@ Line 224: / Line 247: @@
 To see all group IDs of the current user,
-type: '''id hyphen capital G '''and press '''Enter'''
+type: '''id hyphen capital G ''' and press '''Enter'''
 You can now see a list of all '''group IDs''' associated with the current user.
 |-
 ||
-|| Now let us learn to delete a user using the '''userdel''' command.The '''userdel''' command permanently deletes a user account.
+|| Now let us learn to delete a user using the '''userdel''' command.
 |-
 || Type''' sudo userdel -r edupyramids '''press''' Enter'''Type''' ls /home '''press''' Enter'''
-|| Type '''sudo space userdel space hyphen r space edupyramids '''and press '''Enter'''.
+|| Type '''sudo space userdel space hyphen r space edupyramids ''' and press '''Enter'''.
-The '''hyphen r '''option removes the user along with its user’s home directory.
+The '''hyphen r ''' option removes the user along with its user’s home directory.
 Press '''Enter''' to see what happens.
@@ Line 248: / Line 273: @@
 We can see that the user account '''edupyramids''' has been deleted.
-The''' hyphen r''' option removes the home directory as well.
+The ''' hyphen r''' option removes the home directory as well.
 |-
 || '''Slide 12'''
@@ Line 276: / Line 301: @@
 * The mount points.
-The '''hyphen h '''option shows the sizes in human-readable format, for easy understanding.
+The '''hyphen h ''' option shows the sizes in human-readable format, for easy understanding.
 |-
 || Type: '''touch test1 test2 test3''' and press '''Enter'''.
@@ Line 298: / Line 323: @@
 || Now type:
-'''d u space hyphen s space asterisk '''and press '''Enter'''.Option '''hyphen s''' gives a summary per file.
+'''d u space hyphen s space asterisk '''and press '''Enter'''.
 This command gives a summary of the sizes of all files in the folder.
-Next, type '''du hyphen c h asterisk '''press''' Enter '''to''' '''observe the output.
+Next, type '''du hyphen c h asterisk '''press''' Enter '''to observe the output.
 '''hyphen c''' provides a total size.