Nancyvarkey: Created page with "'''Script - Format ''' {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185c..."

2016-08-05T10:22:31Z

Created page with "'''Script - Format ''' {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185c..."

New page

'''Script - Format '''

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| '''FOSS'''   
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| LaTeX

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| '''Tutorial Title:'''
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Mathematical Symbols in LaTeX

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| '''Author:'''
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Kannan Moudgalya

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| '''Reviewer:'''
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Ambika Vanchinathan

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| '''Date:'''
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Original: 18 July 2007.  Revised: 6 July 2016

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| '''Keywords:'''
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Video tutorial, LaTeX tutorial, Dollar sign, Greek symbols, spaces in maths, minus sign, fractions, braces, subscripts, superscripts, amsmath package, matrix, pmatrix, bmatrix

|}

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.185cm;"| Show Slide 1
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.185cm;"| Welcome to this '''spoken tutorial''' on '''Mathematical Typesetting''' in '''LaTeX'''.

My name is Kannan Moudgalya.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.185cm;"| Slide 2: LaTeX pronunciation
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.185cm;"| A reminder: we should call it LaTeX and not latex.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Show Slide 3

'''Learning Objectives'''
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn how to create mathematical symbols in '''LaTeX'''.

In particular,

* How to get into and leave from the mathematical mode
* The role of spaces and creating them
* Mathematical symbols
* Finally, '''A M S math package''' and its use in creating '''matrices'''

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Show Slide 4

'''System Requirements'''
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| I am creating this tutorial on our less than 10,000 Rupee laptop.

I am using '''Ubuntu, TeXworks''', and '''LaTeX.'''

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.185cm;"| Show Slide 5

'''Prerequisites'''
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.185cm;"| The prerequisites are the following:

* Basic spoken tutorials on '''LaTeX.'''
* Exposure to the '''side-by-side '''tutorial.
* All are available from our website.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.185cm;"| Show Slide 6

Learning material used in this tutorial
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.185cm;"|
* I shall use the file '''maths.tex'''
* It is available as a code file, in our web page, where you found this tutorial
* In the same location, you will find this '''pdf''' file from the '''TeX user group, India'''
* We shall use it when we do assignments

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.185cm;"| Go to TeXworks window
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.185cm;"| Let me go to the '''‘TeXworks’''' window.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.185cm;"| Go to TeXworks, opened in 600x400, with maths.tex read in
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.185cm;"| I have already opened the file '''maths.tex'''.

Please download this file and practise along with me.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| \setlength\parindent{0pt}
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| We have already seen the commands that are at the top of this file.

This command removes the paragraph indent.

We will study the effect of this statement through an assignment.
|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Let us start with Greek symbols that are used in mathematics.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|

$\alpha$
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| We use '''dollar''' sign to get into mathematical mode in '''LaTeX'''.

Let us begin with '''alpha'''.

We write '''$ back slash alpha $'''.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Compile
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Let us compile and see that we get the Greek letter '''alpha''' in the '''pdf'''.

The first dollar says that we are getting into the mathematical mode.

The second dollar says that we are leaving this mode.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| From now on, I will not explicitly mention dollar or the back slash.

But you have to do exactly what you see on the screen.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| $\beta$, $\gamma$, $\delta$
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Similarly we write '''beta, gamma,''' and '''delta'''.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Compile
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| I did not save the '''tex''' file, as '''TeXworks''' does it automatically.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Delete everything except alpha
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Let us delete these.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| $\alphaa$
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| We will next take up the concept of spaces in mathematical expressions.

How do we generate '''alpha a'''?

That is, the product of '''alpha''' and '''a'''.

Let us try '''alpha a'''.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Compile
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Let me compile.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Highlight error
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|'''LaTeX''' complains that '''alpha''' a is an undefined control sequence.

It says that it does not understand this command.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Let me close this.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Space between alpha and a

| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|'''LaTeX''' handles this through a '''space''' after every command.

Let us leave a '''space''' after '''alpha'''.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Compile
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Let us abort the compilation.

Let us recompile.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
This has solved the problem.

As it is used to terminate a command, the '''space''' does not appear in '''pdf'''.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| What do we do if we WANT to introduce '''spaces''' in the output?

We have to explicitly tell '''LaTeX''', as we do now.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| \\

Append $\alpha \ a$

| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|

Let us ask '''LaTeX''' to start a new line.

Let us write '''alpha backslash space a'''.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Compile
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Compile it.

This has created a '''space'''.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Append $\alpha \quad a$

Compile
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
If you want more '''space''', use '''quad''', as we do now.

Compile it.

You can see that '''quad''' has left a large '''space'''.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| We will now move to another topic.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Delete 2nd and 3rd lines

Compile.
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Let us delete the last two lines.

Let’s compile.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Prepend “Product of $\alpha$ and a is” to $\alpha a$

Compile.

| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| What happens to the font when we go from the text to the mathematical mode?

To understand this, let us write '''“Product of $\alpha and a is”'''.

Compile.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| You can see that the fonts of these two '''a''''s are different.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Change “ a “ to “ $a$ “

Compile.
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| This is solved by writing this ''''a'''' also inside '''dollar''' signs.

Compile.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Now the fonts of these of two '''a'''’s are identical.

Not keeping the font of variables identical is a common mistake.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Delete everything
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Let’s get rid of these.

Let’s compile.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| -$\alpha$

Compile

| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Let us now discuss a rule for creating '''minus''' signs.

Suppose that we want to create '''minus alpha'''.

Let’s compile.

Notice that the minus sign appears as a small dash here.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Append \\ $-\alpha$ in next line

Compile

| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Let us also copy, with the '''minus''' sign inside '''dollar'''.

Let us compile again.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| See the difference in the '''minus''' sign now.

The second one is what we need.

This dash is not to be used.

Not putting the '''minus''' sign within '''dollars''' is a common mistake made by beginners.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Delete all
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Let us delete all of these.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Next we would like to explain the ''''frac'''' command that is used to create fractions.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| \frac a b

Compile
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| ''''frac a b''''.

Let’s compile.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Point or highlight as per narration
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|It generates ''''a by b''''.

The command ''''frac'''' is terminated by a '''space'''.

It looks for two '''arguments'''.

The first character ''''a'''' is taken as the first '''argument'''.

It becomes the numerator.

The second character ''''b'''' is taken as the second '''argument'''.

It becomes the denominator.

Notice that the size of '''a''' and '''b''' gets reduced automatically.

What do we do if we have longer characters?

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| \frac ab cd, don’t compile

| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| What if we want to create '''ab''' by '''cd'''.

I want you to try this.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| \frac{ab}{cd}

Compile

| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| In '''LaTeX''', the '''arguments''' longer than one character are enclosed by braces.

For example, let us put braces here.

When we compile THIS, we get the desired output.

All the entries within the braces are taken as a single '''argument'''.

As a result, one can enter any complicated expression within braces.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Delete all
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Let us delete all of these.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Now we will look at subscripts and superscripts.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| X_a

| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|''''x' underscore 'a'''' creates ''''x sub a''''.

The size of ''''a'''' gets automatically reduced to an appropriate level.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|What if we want to put '''ab''' as the subscript?

You have to use braces.

Try it yourself.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| x^3
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Superscripts are created by the '''caret''' or the '''up arrow''' symbol.

For example, if you want to create ''''x'''' to the power 3, you will write: '''x up arrow 3'''.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| x_a^b
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| We can also put subscripts and superscripts simultaneously.

Let us put '''x sub a superscript b'''.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Compile
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Let’s compile.

Once again, using braces, we can produce complicated subscripts and superscripts.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Delete
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Let me delete this.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|

\usepackage{amsmath}
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Alright, next we will move onto '''Matrices'''.

The package '''a m s math''' has some '''matrix''' definitions that I like.

Let us include it through the '''usepackage''' command.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|$\begin{matrix}

a & b

\end{matrix}$

| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| The '''ampersand''', that is the ''''and'''' symbol, is used to separate the columns.

Let us create a matrix now.

We write '''begin matrix'''.

'''a''' and '''b''', '''end matrix'''

Don’t forget the '''dollar''' signs.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Compile
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Compile and see the matrix, as expected.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|After b, put \\, CR

c & d & e

| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Now suppose, we want to add a second row to this.

We put two '''back slash'''es, meaning, go to the next line.

Suppose that we want three entries in the second row, say, '''c, d, e'''.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Compile

| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Compile it and see the second row also included now.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Change matrix to pmatrix in both places, compile

| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|Supposing we change matrix to '''pmatrix''', at begin and end.

Compile and get this.

It is now time for YOU to start exploring.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Let us go to the slides now.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Show Slide 5

Summary
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Let us summarise what we learnt in this tutorial.

Entering and leaving the mathematical mode

Using spaces and creating them

Fractions, subscripts and superscripts

Defining an argument with braces

'''amsmath''' package to create matrices

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Show slide 6
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Let me give some assignments.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| # Spaces

| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| This assignment is on '''spaces''' - large and small.

Please pause the video, read the slide and do the assignment.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| 2.  Fractions and braces
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| This assignment is on fractions using braces.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| 3.  Subscripts, superscripts
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| This assignment is on subscripts and superscripts.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| 4.  Matrices
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Through this assignment, we shall learn a few more methods to create matrices.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| 5.  More maths symbols

Highlight chap11-prn.pdf

Show this file (cont. mode)

Go back to the slides
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| This assignment is on creating more mathematical symbols.

This is based on the '''TUG India LaTeX''' guide.

Let us see that document now.

I already asked you to download this document from our web page.

You will reproduce some symbols given in this document.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| 6.  Package amssymb
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| You will try out more symbols through the next assignment.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| 7. More of TUG India Document
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| This assignment is also based on the '''TUG India''' document.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| 8. Paragraph indent
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| You will experiment with the paragraph indent in this assignment.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| About project slide
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.079cm;"| This video summarises the '''Spoken Tutorial''' project.

If you do not have good bandwidth, you may download and watch it.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Workshop slide
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.079cm;"| We conduct workshops using '''Spoken Tutorials.'''

Give certificates.

Please contact us.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Forum slide
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.079cm;"| * Do you have questions in THIS '''Spoken Tutorial?'''
* Please visit this site.
* Choose the minute and second where you have the question.
* Explain your question briefly.
* Someone from our team will answer them.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| Slide for no cluttering
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.079cm;"| * The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial.
* Please do not post unrelated and general questions.
* This will help reduce the clutter.
* With less clutter, we can use these discussions as instructional material.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"| General questions
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.079cm;"| * For topics not covered in spoken tutorials, visit '''stack exchange''' at this address.
* This is a great place to get answers on '''LaTeX'''.
* You may also have questions on our workshops, certificates, etc.
* For this, get in touch with us at this email address.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Spoken Tutorial''' project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185cm;"|
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.079cm;"| Thanks for joining.

Goodbye.

|}

LaTeX/C2/Mathematical-Typesetting/English - Revision history

Nancyvarkey: Created page with "'''Script - Format ''' {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding-top:0.049cm;padding-bottom:0.049cm;padding-left:0.185cm;padding-right:0.185c..."