Jmol-Application/C3/Crystal-Structure-and-Unit-Cell/English-timed - Revision history

PoojaMoolya at 10:04, 28 October 2020

2020-10-28T10:04:13Z

PoojaMoolya at 12:46, 28 March 2017

2017-03-28T12:46:41Z

PoojaMoolya at 12:41, 28 March 2017

2017-03-28T12:41:33Z

Show changes

Sandhya.np14 at 06:04, 2 June 2016

2016-06-02T06:04:39Z

Sandhya.np14 at 10:26, 11 February 2016

2016-02-11T10:26:57Z

Sandhya.np14 at 12:13, 8 February 2016

2016-02-08T12:13:24Z

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Sandhya.np14 at 10:53, 8 February 2016

2016-02-08T10:53:53Z

Sandhya.np14 at 10:41, 8 February 2016

2016-02-08T10:41:21Z

PoojaMoolya: Created page with " {| border = 1 ! Time ! Narration |- | 00:01 | Welcome to this tutorial on '''Crystal Structure and unit cell''' in '''Jmol.''' |- | 00:07..."

2016-01-21T12:08:30Z

Created page with " {| border = 1 ! <center>Time</center> ! <center>Narration</center> |- | 00:01 | Welcome to this tutorial on '''Crystal Structure and unit cell''' in '''Jmol.''' |- | 00:07..."

New page

{| border = 1
! <center>Time</center>
! <center>Narration</center>

|-
| 00:01
| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Crystal Structure and unit cell''' in '''Jmol.'''

|-
| 00:07
| In this tutorial, we will learn to, Download '''CIF '''that is '''Crystallographic Information file''' from '''Crystallography Open Database.'''

|-
| 00:17
| Open '''CIF '''in Jmol.

|-
| 00:20
| Display '''unit cell''' and '''unit cell parameters '''on Jmol panel.

|-
| 00:25
| And display crystal structures of different crystal systems. For example '''Cubic''', '''Hexagonal '''and''' Rhombohedral.'''

|-
|00:34
| To follow this tutorial you should have Knowledge of high school chemistry.

|-
| 00:39
| And familiar with operations from Jmol window.

|-
| 00:42
| If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.

|-
| 00:48
| To record this tutorial, I am using, Ubuntu Operating System version 14.04

|-
| 00:54
| Jmol version 12.2.32

|-
| 00:57
| Java version 7 and

|-
| 01:01
| Mozilla Firefox browser 35.0

|-
|01:04
| Crystal structures are grouped under seven crystal systems.

|-
| 01:08
| This table shows the list of crystal systems and their corresponding lattice parameters.

|-
|01:14
|Examples for crystals of various compounds and minerals are listed here.

|-
|01:20
| We will display crystal structures of '''Sodium chloride, Graphite '''and''' Calcite '''on''' Jmol panel'''.

|-
| 01:27
| To display the crystal structure on Jmol panel:

|-
| 01:31
| We need to download the Crystallographic Information File of a particular crystal.

|-
| 01:37
| '''CIF''' is a standard text file format for representing crystallographic information.

|-
| 01:43
| '''CIF''' format has the file extension '''.cif.'''

|-
| 01:48
| '''Crystallography Open Database''' is an open-access database.

|-
| 01:53
| The downloadable '''CIF''' are available at '''COD''' website.

|-
| 01:58
| The website can be accessed through the given link.

|-
| 02:03
| Let us open '''COD''' database website and download some''' CIF''' files.

|-
| 02:10
| Here I have opened the '''COD''' website.

|-
| 02:13
| On the left side of the page, information is divided under various headings.

|-
| 02:19
| Under the heading '''Accessing COD Data,''' there are sub-headings like '''Browse''', '''Search''' etc.

|-
| 02:27
| Click on '''Search''' option. A new page opens.

|-
|02:31
|On the '''Search''' page we find many options to search for CIF files.

|-
| 02:36
| Click on '''Hints and Tips''' link.

A page opens with information on how to use search options effectively.

|-
| 02:46
| Go back to the Search page.

|-
| 02:59
| We can search for the crystal structure using '''COD ID'''

|-
|02:54
| '''OpenBabel Fastsearch''' or Type the name of the chemical or mineral in the '''text box'''.

|-
| 03:01
| For example to search for the CIF file of Sodium Chloride:

|-
|03:06
| Type “'''Halite'''” which is the mineral name for sodium chloride, in the text box.

|-
| 03:12
| Scroll down to '''elements '''box.

|-
| 03:15
| Type the symbol for Sodium that is Na and Cl for chloride.

|-
| 03:20
| Scroll down to, '''Number of distinct elements''' box.

|-
| 03:24
| Here we have an option to type minimum and maximum elements.

|-
| 03:29
| Type 2 in the minimum box, if you want crystal structure with only two elements.That is '''Sodium''' and '''Chloride''' .

|-
|03:37
| Click on '''Send''' button.

|-
| 03:40
| A web page opens with crystal structure data files for Sodium chloride.

|-
| 03:45
| Right click on the COD ID and click on “'''open the link in a new tab'''”.

|-
| 03:51
| This page has detailed information regarding the particular crystal structure.

|-
| 03:57
| Go back to the database web page.

|-
| 04:00
| Click on the link “'''archive of CIF files'''” located on the right-hand side of the page.

|-
| 04:08
| A dialogue box opens on the screen, Select '''Open with''' option. Click on '''OK''' button.

|-
| 04:17
| A folder with many '''CIF '''files for sodium chloride crystal opens on the screen.

|-
| 04:23
| Select the files you want to download by clicking on them.

|-
| 04:28
| Click on “'''Extract'''” button on the tool bar.

|-
| 04:32
| Save the files at a convenient location on your system.

|-
| 04:37
| Click on '''Extract. '''Close the window.

|-
| 04:41
| Go back to the search page.

|-
|04:43
|Now download '''CIF''' files for '''graphite''' and '''calcite''' using same procedure as before.

|-
| 04:51
| We will now open the '''CIF''' file of '''sodium chloride''' in Jmol.

|-
| 04:55
| Here I have opened the Jmol window.

|-
| 04:59
| Click on “Open a file” icon in the tool bar.

|-
| 05:03
| Navigate to the location of the '''CIF''' file of '''sodium chloride.''' which we have downloaded from the '''COD''' database.

|-
|05:12
|Click on '''Open'''.

|-
| 05:14
| '''Unit cell''' of sodium chloride crystal opens on the screen.

|-
| 05:19
| '''Unit cell''' is the smallest repeating unit in a crystal.

|-
|05:23
|Stacking of these unit cells in 3 dimensions will form the basis of the crystal structure.

|-
| 05:29
| Back to the Jmol Panel.

|-
| 05:32
| Relevant data for unit cell is displayed on the left-hand side of the panel.

|-
|05:37
|It begins with the '''space group''' classification.

|-
| 05:41
| Sodium Chloride belongs to the cubic lattice system. Hence the vectors''' a''', '''b''' and''' c '''are equal.

|-
| 05:50
| The angles '''alpha''', '''beta''' and '''gamma''' are 90 degrees.

|-
| 05:55
| Right click to open the pop-up menu.

|-
| 05:59
| Scroll down to '''Symmetry''' option.

|-
| 06:01
| In the sub-menu we have options to display symmetry elements.

|-
| 06:05
| We can also display blocks of unit cells using the options in the sub-menu.

|-
| 06:10
| For example click on '''Reload {1 1 1}''' option.

|-
| 06:15
| On the panel we have a unit cell block, showing face center cubic lattice.

|-
| 06:21
| To change the display; Open the pop-up menu, scroll down to style then scheme and click on '''CPK Spacefil'''l.

|-
| 06:29
| Here on the panel we have the crystal structure in CPK display.

|-
| 06:34
| Open the pop-up menu again scroll down to symmetry and click on '''Reload {4 4 4 6 6 6 1}'''option.

|-
|06:44
|This option loads the 27 cell block on Jmol panel.

|-
| 06:49
| Open the pop-up menu go to symmetry go back to '''Reload {1 1 1}''' option.

|-
| 06:56
| To display the symmetry elements, open the pop-up menu again.

|-
| 07:00
| Scroll down to symmetry in the sub-menu and click on '''mirrorplane (x z y)''' option .

|-
| 07:08
| On the panel we have a cubic lattice with '''mirrorplane (x z y)''' displayed.

|-
| 07:16
| Let us now load the CIF file for '''graphite''' ,which belongs to hexagonal crystal system.

|-
| 07:22
| As shown earlier use '''Open a file '''option to load the CIF file for graphite on the panel.

|-
| 07:29
| '''Unit cell''' for '''graphite''' opens on the panel.

|-
| 07:33
| Observe the unit cell parameters,

|-
| 07:35
| The vectors''' a '''equal to '''b''' but not equal to '''c.'''

|-
| 07:40
| Angles, '''alpha''' and '''beta''' equal to 90 degrees and''' gamma '''equal to 120 degrees.

|-
| 07:47
| Open the pop-up menu scroll down to '''Symmetry '''and click on '''Reload {444 666 1}''' option.

|-
| 07:56
| '''Hexagonal lattice''' arrangement of atoms is shown on the screen.

|-
| 08:01
| To change the display , open the pop-up menu go to style, go to scheme click on '''wireframe '''option.

|-
| 08:10
| Similarly I have opened a CIF file of mineral '''calcite''' on the panel.

|-
| 08:16
| '''Calcite''' belongs to the '''rhombohedral''' crystal system.

|-
| 08:20
| You can open the CIF of any crystal system and explore the structure and symmetry options.

|-
| 08:27
| Let's summarize, In this tutorial we have learnt to Download '''CIF''' from '''Crystallography Open Database.'''

|-
|08:35
| Open '''CIF''' in Jmol.

|-
|08:38
|Display '''unit cell''' and '''unit cell parameters.'''

|-
| 08:41
| And display crystal structures of '''sodium chloride''', '''graphite''' and '''calcite'''.

|-
| 08:47
| For assignment

Download '''CIF''' for quartz crystal from '''COD''' database.

|-
|08:53
|Display unit cell on '''Jmol''' panel and explore the symmetry options.

|-
| 08:59
| This video summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project

|-
| 09:02
| If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.

|-
| 09:06
| We Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and Give certificates.

Please contact us.

|-
| 09:12
| The spoken tutorial project is funded by NMEICT-MHRD govt of India.

|-
|09:18
| This is Snehalatha from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining.

|}

@@ Line 189: / Line 189: @@
 |-
 |04:08
-|A dialogue-box opens on the '''screen'''. Select '''Open with''' option. Click on '''OK''' button.
+|A dialog-box opens on the '''screen'''. Select '''Open with''' option. Click on '''OK''' button.
 |-

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {|border=1
-{| border = 1
+|'''Time'''
-| Time
+| '''Narration'''
 | Narration
 |-

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 |-
 | 00:07
-|  In this tutorial, we will learn: * to download '''CIF, '''that is, '''Crystallographic Information file''' from '''Crystallography Open Database'''
+|  In this tutorial, we will learn: * to download '''CIF, '''that is, '''Crystallographic Information File''' from '''Crystallography Open Database'''
 |-
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 |-
 | 00:25
-|*  And display crystal structures of different crystal systems.  For example- '''Cubic''', '''Hexagonal '''and''' Rhombohedral.'''
+|*  And display '''crystal structure'''s of different crystal systems.  For example- '''Cubic''', '''Hexagonal '''and''' Rhombohedral.'''
 |-
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 |-
 | 00:48
-|  To record this tutorial, I am using:* '''Ubuntu Operating System''' version '''14.04'''
+|  To record this tutorial, I am using: * '''Ubuntu Operating System''' version '''14.04'''
 |-
@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 |-
 | 01:31
-| we need to download the '''Crystallographic Information File''' of a particular crystal.
+| we need to download the '''Crystallographic Information File''' of a particular '''crystal'''.
 |-
 | 01:37
-| '''CIF''' is a standard text file format for representing '''crystallographic''' information.
+| '''CIF''' is a standard '''text file format''' for representing '''crystallographic''' information.
 |-
@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 |-
 | 02:13
-|  On the left side of the page, information is divided under various headings.
+|  On the left side of the '''page''', information is divided under various headings.
 |-
@@ Line 150: / Line 150: @@
 |-
 | 03:15
-| Type the symbol for Sodium, that is, Na and Cl for chloride.
+| Type the symbol for Sodium, that is, '''Na''' and '''Cl''' for chloride.
 |-
@@ Line 190: / Line 190: @@
 |-
 | 04:08
-| A dialogue-box opens on the screen. Select '''Open with''' option. Click on '''OK''' button.
+| A dialogue-box opens on the '''screen'''. Select '''Open with''' option. Click on '''OK''' button.
 |-
@@ Line 274: / Line 274: @@
 |-
 | 05:55
-|  Right-click to open the pop-up menu.
+|  Right-click to open the '''pop-up menu'''.
 |-
@@ Line 286: / Line 286: @@
 |-
 | 06:05
-| We can also display '''block'''s of unit cells using the options in the sub-menu.
+| We can also display '''block'''s of '''unit cell'''s using the options in the sub-menu.
 |-
@@ Line 294: / Line 294: @@
 |-
 | 06:15
-|  On the panel, we have a unit cell block, showing face center cubic lattice.
+|  On the panel, we have a unit cell block, showing '''face center cubic lattice'''.
 |-
@@ Line 318: / Line 318: @@
 |-
 | 06:56
-|  To display the symmetry elements, open the pop-up menu again.
+|  To display the '''symmetry element'''s, open the pop-up menu again.
 |-
@@ Line 326: / Line 326: @@
 |-
 | 07:08
-|  On the panel, we have a cubic lattice with '''mirrorplane (x z y)''' displayed.
+|  On the panel, we have a '''cubic lattice''' with '''mirrorplane (x z y)''' displayed.
 |-
 | 07:16
-|  Let us now '''load''' the CIF file for '''graphite''' which belongs to hexagonal crystal system.
+|  Let us now '''load''' the CIF file for '''graphite''' which belongs to '''hexagonal crystal system'''.
 |-
@@ Line 374: / Line 374: @@
 |-
 | 08:20
-|  You can open the '''CIF''' of any crystal system and explore the structure and symmetry options.
+|  You can open the '''CIF''' of any crystal system and explore the '''structure''' and '''symmetry''' options.
 |-
@@ Line 390: / Line 390: @@
 |-
 | 08:41
-|* And display crystal structures of '''sodium chloride''', '''graphite''' and '''calcite'''.
+|* And display '''crystal structure'''s of '''sodium chloride''', '''graphite''' and '''calcite'''.
 |-

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 |-
 | 00:07
-|  In this tutorial, we will learn to download '''CIF, '''that is, '''Crystallographic Information file''' from '''Crystallography Open Database.'''
+|  In this tutorial, we will learn: * to download '''CIF, '''that is, '''Crystallographic Information file''' from '''Crystallography Open Database'''
 |-
 | 00:17
-| Open '''CIF '''in Jmol.
+|* Open '''CIF '''in Jmol
 |-
 | 00:20
-| Display '''unit cell''' and '''unit cell parameters '''on Jmol panel.
+|* Display '''unit cell''' and '''unit cell parameters '''on Jmol panel
 |-
 | 00:25
-|  And display crystal structures of different crystal systems.  For example '''Cubic''', '''Hexagonal '''and''' Rhombohedral.'''
+|*  And display crystal structures of different crystal systems.  For example- '''Cubic''', '''Hexagonal '''and''' Rhombohedral.'''
 |-
 |00:34
-|  To follow this tutorial, you should have Knowledge of high school chemistry
+|  To follow this tutorial, you should have knowledge of high school chemistry
 |-
 | 00:39
-| and familiar with operations from Jmol window.
+| and familiar with operations from '''Jmol window'''.
 |-
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 |-
 | 01:01
-|* '''Mozilla Firefox browser 35.0'''
+|* '''Mozilla Firefox browser 35.0'''.
 |-
@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 |-
 | 01:37
-| '''CIF''' is a standard text file format for representing crystallographic information.
+| '''CIF''' is a standard text file format for representing '''crystallographic''' information.
 |-
@@ Line 122: / Line 122: @@
 |-
 | 02:36
-|  Click on '''hints and tips''' link.
+|  Click on '''hints and tips''' link. A page opens with information on how to use '''search''' options effectively.
 A page opens with information on how to use search options effectively.
 |-
@@ Line 139: / Line 138: @@
 |-
 | 03:01
-|  For example, to search for the CIF file of Sodium Chloride:
+|  For example, to search for the '''CIF''' file of Sodium Chloride:
 |-
@@ Line 147: / Line 146: @@
 |-
 | 03:12
-|  Scroll-down to '''elements '''box.
+|  Scroll down to '''elements '''box.
 |-
@@ Line 155: / Line 154: @@
 |-
 | 03:20
-|  Scroll-down to '''"Number of distinct elements.."''' box.
+|  Scroll down to '''"Number of distinct elements.."''' box.
 |-
@@ Line 171: / Line 170: @@
 |-
 | 03:40
-|  A web page opens with crystal structure data files for Sodium chloride.
+|  A web-page opens with crystal structure data files for Sodium chloride.
 |-
@@ Line 187: / Line 186: @@
 |-
 | 04:00
-|  Click on the link “'''archive of CIF files'''” located on the right-hand side of the page.
+|  Click on the link “'''archive of CIF files'''”, located on the right-hand side of the page.
 |-
@@ Line 243: / Line 242: @@
 |-
 | 05:14
-|  '''Unit cell''' of sodium chloride crystal opens on the screen.
+|  '''Unit cell''' of sodium chloride crystal opens on the '''screen'''.
 |-
@@ Line 251: / Line 250: @@
 |-
 |05:23
-|'''Stack'''ing of these unit cells in 3 dimensions will form the basis of the '''crystal structure'''.
+|'''Stack'''ing of these unit cells in '''3''' dimensions will form the basis of the '''crystal structure'''.
 |-
 | 05:29
-|  Back to the Jmol Panel.
+|  Back to the '''Jmol panel'''.
 |-
@@ Line 287: / Line 286: @@
 |-
 | 06:05
-| We can also display blocks of unit cells using the options in the sub-menu.
+| We can also display '''block'''s of unit cells using the options in the sub-menu.
 |-
@@ Line 299: / Line 298: @@
 |-
 | 06:21
-|  To change the display-  open the pop-up menu, scroll-down to '''Style''', then '''Scheme''' and click on '''CPK Spacefill'''.
+|  To change the display-  open the pop-up menu, scroll down to '''Style''', then '''Scheme''' and click on '''CPK Spacefill'''.
 |-
 | 06:29
-|  Here, on the panel, we have the crystal structure in CPK display.
+|  Here, on the panel, we have the crystal structure in '''CPK''' display.
 |-
@@ Line 323: / Line 322: @@
 |-
 | 07:00
-| Scroll-down to '''Symmetry''' in the sub-menu and click on '''mirrorplane (x z y)''' option.
+| Scroll down to '''Symmetry''' in the sub-menu and click on '''mirrorplane (x z y)''' option.
 |-
@@ Line 335: / Line 334: @@
 |-
 | 07:22
-|  As shown earlier, use '''Open a file '''option to '''load''' the CIF file for graphite on the panel.
+|  As shown earlier, use '''Open a file '''option to '''load''' the '''CIF''' file for graphite on the panel.
 |-
@@ Line 347: / Line 346: @@
 |-
 | 07:35
-| The vectors, 'a' equal to  'b'  but not equal to  'c'.
+| The vectors- 'a' equal to  'b'  but not equal to  'c'.
 |-
 | 07:40
-|  Angles, '''alpha''' and '''beta''' equal to 90 degrees and''' gamma '''equal to 120 degrees.
+|  Angles- '''alpha''' and '''beta''' equal to 90 degrees and''' gamma '''equal to 120 degrees.
 |-
@@ Line 367: / Line 366: @@
 |-
 | 08:10
-|  Similarly, I have opened a CIF file of mineral '''calcite''' on the panel.
+|  Similarly, I have opened a '''CIF''' file of mineral '''calcite''' on the panel.
 |-
@@ Line 375: / Line 374: @@
 |-
 | 08:20
-|  You can open the CIF of any crystal system and explore the structure and symmetry options.
+|  You can open the '''CIF''' of any crystal system and explore the structure and symmetry options.
 |-
@@ Line 400: / Line 399: @@
 |-
 |08:53
-|Display unit cell on '''Jmol''' panel and explore the symmetry options.
+|Display '''unit cell''' on '''Jmol''' panel and explore the symmetry options.
 |-
@@ Line 412: / Line 411: @@
 |-
 | 09:06
-|  We conduct workshops using spoken tutorials and give certificates.
+|  We conduct workshops using spoken tutorials and give certificates. Please contact us.
 Please contact us.
 |-

@@ Line 207: / Line 207: @@
 |-
 | 04:32
-|  Save the files at a convenient location on your system.
+|  '''Save''' the files at a convenient location on your system.
 |-
@@ Line 215: / Line 215: @@
 |-
 | 04:41
-|  Go back to the search page.
+|  Go back to the '''Search''' page.
 |-
 |04:43
-|Now download '''CIF''' files for '''graphite''' and '''calcite''' using same procedure as before.
+|Now, download '''CIF''' files for '''graphite''' and '''calcite''' using same procedure as before.
 |-
@@ Line 227: / Line 227: @@
 |-
 | 04:55
-|  Here I have opened the Jmol window.
+|  Here, I have opened the '''Jmol window'''.
 |-
@@ Line 235: / Line 235: @@
 |-
 | 05:03
-| Navigate to the location of the '''CIF''' file of '''sodium chloride.''' which we have downloaded from the '''COD''' database.
+| Navigate to the location of the '''CIF''' file of '''sodium chloride''' which we have downloaded from the '''COD''' database.
 |-

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 |-
 | 00:07
-|  In this tutorial, we will learn to, Download '''CIF '''that is '''Crystallographic Information file''' from '''Crystallography Open Database.'''
+|  In this tutorial, we will learn to download '''CIF, '''that is, '''Crystallographic Information file''' from '''Crystallography Open Database.'''
 |-
@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 |-
 |00:34
-|  To follow this tutorial you should have Knowledge of high school chemistry.
+|  To follow this tutorial, you should have Knowledge of high school chemistry
 |-
 | 00:39
-| And familiar with operations from Jmol window.
+| and familiar with operations from Jmol window.
 |-
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 |-
 | 00:48
-|  To record this tutorial, I am using, Ubuntu Operating System version 14.04
+|  To record this tutorial, I am using:* '''Ubuntu Operating System''' version '''14.04'''
 |-
 | 00:54
-| Jmol version 12.2.32
+|* '''Jmol''' version '''12.2.32'''
 |-
 | 00:57
-| Java version 7 and
+|* '''Java''' version '''7''' and
 |-
 | 01:01
-| Mozilla Firefox browser 35.0
+|* '''Mozilla Firefox browser 35.0'''
 |-
 |01:04
-|  Crystal structures are grouped under seven crystal systems.
+|  '''Crystal structure'''s are grouped under seven crystal systems.
 |-
 | 01:08
-| This table shows the list of crystal systems and their corresponding lattice parameters.
+| This table shows the list of '''crystal system'''s and their corresponding '''lattice parameter'''s.
 |-
@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 |-
 | 01:27
-|  To display the crystal structure on Jmol panel:
+|  To display the crystal structure on Jmol panel,
 |-
 | 01:31
-| We need to download the Crystallographic Information File of a particular crystal.
+| we need to download the '''Crystallographic Information File''' of a particular crystal.
 |-
@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 |-
 | 01:43
-| '''CIF''' format has the file extension '''.cif.'''
+| '''CIF''' format has the file extension ".cif".
 |-
@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 |-
 | 02:10
-|  Here I have opened the '''COD''' website.
+|  Here, I have opened the '''COD''' website.
 |-
@@ Line 114: / Line 114: @@
 |-
 | 02:27
-|  Click on '''Search''' option. A new page opens.
+|  Click on '''Search''' option. A new '''page''' opens.
 |-
 |02:31
-|On the '''Search''' page we find many options to search for CIF files.
+|On the '''Search''' page, we find many options to search for ''CIF' files.
 |-
 | 02:36
-|  Click on '''Hints and Tips''' link.
+|  Click on '''hints and tips''' link.
-−
 A page opens with information on how to use search options effectively.
 |-
 | 02:46
-|  Go back to the Search page.
+|  Go back to the '''Search''' page.
 |-
 | 02:59
-|  We can search for the crystal structure using  '''COD ID'''
+|  We can search for the crystal structure using  '''COD ID''',
 |-
 |02:54
-| '''OpenBabel Fastsearch''' or  Type the name of the chemical or mineral in the '''text box'''.
+| '''OpenBabel Fastsearch''' or  type the name of the chemical or mineral in the text-box.
 |-
 | 03:01
-|  For example to search for the CIF file of Sodium Chloride:
+|  For example, to search for the CIF file of Sodium Chloride:
 |-
 |03:06
-|  Type “'''Halite'''” which is the mineral name for sodium chloride, in the text box.
+|  Type “Halite” which is the mineral name for sodium chloride, in the text-box.
 |-
 | 03:12
-|  Scroll down to '''elements '''box.
+|  Scroll-down to '''elements '''box.
 |-
 | 03:15
-| Type the symbol for Sodium that is Na and Cl for chloride.
+| Type the symbol for Sodium, that is, Na and Cl for chloride.
 |-
 | 03:20
-|  Scroll down to, '''Number of distinct elements''' box.
+|  Scroll-down to '''"Number of distinct elements.."''' box.
 |-
 | 03:24
-| Here we have an option to type minimum and maximum elements.
+| Here, we have an option to type minimum and maximum elements.
 |-
 | 03:29
-|  Type 2 in the minimum box, if you want crystal structure with only two elements.That is '''Sodium''' and '''Chloride''' .
+|  Type '2' in the minimum box, if you want crystal structure with only two elements, that is, '''Sodium''' and '''Chloride'''. .
 |-
@@ Line 176: / Line 175: @@
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 | 03:45
-|  Right click on the COD ID and click on “'''open the link in a new tab'''”.
+|  Right-click on the '''COD ID''' and click on “'''open the link in a new tab'''”.
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@@ Line 192: / Line 191: @@
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 | 04:08
-| A dialogue box opens on the screen, Select '''Open with''' option. Click on '''OK''' button.
+| A dialogue-box opens on the screen. Select '''Open with''' option. Click on '''OK''' button.
 |-