Health-and-Nutrition/C2/Pre-pregnancy-Nutrition/English - Revision history

Gmungrey at 07:05, 30 July 2019

2019-07-30T07:05:28Z

Bellatony911 at 03:37, 25 June 2019

2019-06-25T03:37:30Z

Gmungrey at 10:14, 21 June 2019

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Gmungrey at 10:12, 21 June 2019

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Bellatony911 at 12:59, 20 June 2019

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Bellatony911 at 12:46, 20 June 2019

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Bellatony911 at 12:43, 20 June 2019

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Bellatony911 at 12:01, 20 June 2019

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Gmungrey: Created page with " {|border=1 | Visual Cue |Narration |- | Title slide | Welcome to the '''Spoken Tutorial''' on pre-pregnancy nutrition. |- | Collage: Veg..."

2019-06-17T05:54:13Z

Created page with " {|border=1 | <center>Visual Cue</center> |<center>Narration</center> |- | Title slide | Welcome to the '''Spoken Tutorial''' on pre-pregnancy nutrition. |- | Collage: Veg..."

New page

{|border=1

| <center>Visual Cue</center>
|<center>Narration</center>

|-
| Title slide

| Welcome to the '''Spoken Tutorial''' on pre-pregnancy nutrition.

|-
| Collage: Veg and non-veg foods

Image: Pre-pregnant woman

| In this tutorial we will learn about-Nutritional requirements during reproductive age and pre-pregnancy period.

|-
| Image: muscle

| Let us first begin with '''protein''':

|-
| Image: muscle tissue

Image: cell repair

Image: growth and development

Image: joint

Image: healthy liver

Image: immunity

Image: provides energy
|
* '''Protein''' is required for growth and maintenance of muscle tissue
* It aids in cell repair and bone development as well as for joints,
* Helps in improving immunity and maintaining a healthy liver,
* And, also provides energy

|-
|
Image: digestive system and body

Image: breakdown of toxins

Image: maintain blood sugar

Image: carry signal to and fro to the brain

|
'''Protein''' forms chemicals which helps in -
* digestion,
* break down of toxins in the body
* maintaining blood sugar and
* carrying signal to and from the brain

|-
| Image:Diminished growth of fetus for its age

Image: poor height and high risk of infection

Image: poor memory and motor skills in baby

Group Image: infection in baby with viruses

|
Deficiency of '''protein''' leads to -
* diminished growth of fetus for its age,
* poor height, memory and motor skills in the baby,
* along with high risk of infection

|-
|Image: wrinkled skin

Image: hairfall

Image: tiredness and weakness

Image: frequent infection in adults

Image: muscle loss

|
In adults it leads to -
* Wrinkling of skin,
* Hair fall,
* Tiredness and weakness,
* Frequent infections and
* Muscle loss

|-
| Group image: hair, nails and skin
| Another '''protein''' called '''Keratin''' is an important part of -hair, nails and skin

|-
| Image: collage of '''protein''' rich foods

Image: 22 green and red dots for amino acids

Image: 9 red dots for amino acids
| Interestingly,
The '''Protein''' is made up of different substances called '''amino acids '''
* There are in total 22 '''Amino acids '''
* Out of which 9 '''amino acids '''have to be taken from the diet

|-
| Image: complete '''protein''' non veg collage

Image: incomplete '''protein''' veg collage

| Let us now look at the two types of '''Protein''' which are -
* The Complete '''protein''' and
* The Incomplete '''protein'''

|-
| Image: complete '''protein''' collage of non veg foods while editing

| All 9 '''Amino acids''' mentioned earlier are present in animal '''proteins'''.
* That is why animal '''proteins''' are called complete '''proteins'''.

|-
| Image: collage of pulses

Image: collage of cereals

Image: collage of pulses

| On the other hand, In plant based '''proteins''' -
* some of these 9 necessary '''Amino acids''' are in lesser amounts
For example, cereals are low in '''Lysine''' while pulses are low in '''Methionine'''

|-
| Image: combination of grains and pulse

|
* It is therefore important to consume different plant '''proteins''' together in combinations
* For example, Grains and pulses should be consumed in a combination
* as they both will provide enough quantities of necessary '''Amino acids'''

|-
| Image: fats droplet

Image: Good health

| Now we will learn about another important nutrient - Fat
* Good fats from foods are important for good health

|-
| Image: body with blue dots indicating fat

Image: collage of omega-3 fatty acid rich food

| There are some fats that cannot be produced by the body
Like -
* '''Omega-3 fatty acids '''
Hence they should be taken from the diet

|-
| Image: heart

Image: inflammation in body

Image: pregnant woman

Image: low birth weight baby

Image: intelligence in baby

|
* These fats maintain heart health.
* Reduce inflammation in the body
* And can help to improve the chances of getting pregnant

* They also reduce the risk of premature birth of the baby
* And increase intelligence of the baby

|-
| Image: group image of eye, cell growth, fertility and immune system

| After learning about '''protein''' and fat, we will now learn about '''vitamin-A'''
|-
| Image: eye health

Image: cell growth

Image: increases chances of pregnancy

Image: immune system

| '''Vitamin-A''' helps to maintain healthy eyes ,
* It regulates cell growth,
* increases the chances of pregnancy and
* Improves immunity during pre-pregnancy period

|-
| Image: strength and health of woman

| Like '''Vitamin A''', the entire Vitamin '''B-complex''' plays a crucial role in-
* Strength and health of women in all stages of life.

|-
| Image: vitamin B-6 rich food sources collage

| Among all the '''B-Vitamins''', we will first look at '''Vitamin B-6'''- '''pyridoxine '''

|-
| Image: nervous system

Image: brain development

| '''Vitamin B6- Pyridoxine''' is required
* For functioning of the nervous system,
* Thereby improving the brain development

|-
| Image: pregnancy related nausea

| Also, it may provide relief from pregnancy related nausea.

|-
| Group image: anemic cells, NTD, infertility, miscarriage

| Yet another nutrient is,''' Vitamin B12-'''

|-
| Group Image: anemia

Image: Neural tube defects

Image: add arrows to indicate spine and central nervous system of baby while editing

Image: first month of pregnancy

| Which along with '''folate''' & '''choline '''helps to prevent -

* '''Anemia''' and '''Neural tube defects'''

'''Neural tube''' defects are birth defects that -
* affect the spine and central nervous system of the baby,
* which are formed during the first month of pregnancy

|-
| Image: neural tube

Image: brain and spine

| Note that, A '''neural tube''' is a part of the foetus that develops into the brain and spinal cord.

|-
| Image: group image of three collage with rich sources of folate, vitamin B12 and choline rich food

| Hence, it is important to have enough
* '''Folate''',
* '''Vitamin-B12''' and
* '''Choline''' in the body before getting pregnant.

|-
| Image: anemic cells

Image: infertility add cross mark while editing

Image: miscarriage
| Deficiency of '''vitamin B-12''' also leads to '''Anemia''', infertility and miscarriage.

|-
| Image: group image

| Now, we will learn about another important nutrient -''' Folate'''

|-
| Image: cell development

Image: arrows on cells and between lungs to other organs while editing

| '''Folate '''which is also known as '''Vitamin-B9''',
* helps the body to make healthy new cells.
These cells carry '''oxygen''' from the lungs to all parts of the body.

|-
| Image: anemia

Image: brain and spine

| Deficiency of '''folate '''in pregnant mothers leads to
* '''Anemia''' and
* defects of the brain and spine called '''Neural Tube Defect'''

|-
| Image: neural tube defects group image

| Note that:

'''Neural Tube Defects '''has been explained earlier in the same tutorial.

|-
|| Image: Rbc

Image: fetal growth

| We will now learn about the role of IronIron is required for formation of '''Hemoglobin''' in the blood and for fetal growth.

|-
| Image: high blood pressure

Image: LBW baby

Image: miscarriage

| Low levels of '''hemoglobin''' in pregnancy can lead to
* High blood pressure during pregnancy
* Preterm delivery
* Low birth weight baby and
* Miscarriages

|-
| GIF : Rbc moving

Image: anemic cells

| Apart from this '''Hemoglobin '''helps to transport '''oxygen''' to other tissues and cells
Low levels of '''Hemoglobin''' or iron
* leads to Anemia.

|-
| Image: menstrual cramps

Image: worms infestation

Image: collage of iron food sources

Image: poor absorption

Image: peanut with yellow layer

| Moreover, Iron may be low in women Due to -
* Monthly menstruation,
* Worm infestation
* Diet low in Iron and
* Poor absorption due to '''Phytic''' '''acid''' and '''Oxalates''' in the food

|-
| Image: collage of all cooking methods

Image: soaking

Image: sprouting

Image: roasting

Image: fermentation

| In order to decrease '''Phytic acid''' and '''Oxalates'''
And to increase absorption of nutrients, use pre-cooking methods like -
* Soaking,
* Sprouting
* Roasting and
* Fermentation

|-
| Image: tiredness

Image: breathlessness

GIF: Heart palpitation

Image: Pale skin

| Signs of Iron deficiency '''Anemia''' are-
* Tiredness and lack of energy
* Breathlessness
* Increase in heart rate
* Pale skin

|-
| Image: collage of vitamin C sources
Image: vitamin-C and immunity

Image: woman with yellow outline

| Remember , With Iron, always consume '''Vitamin-C '''rich foods as it will help in iron absorption
'''Vitamin-C '''also enhances immunity and thus reduces infections.

|-
| Group Image: bones and vit-d

Image: building healthy bones

Gif: fetus requires calcium

Image: development of bones

Image: development of teeth

| Next we will learn the importance of '''Calcium '''& '''Vitamin D'''It is suggested to consume '''Calcium''' as it helps in development of bones
The fetus requires '''Calcium''' for bone and teeth development.

|-
|| Image: strong and porous bone

Image: spine for absorption of calcium

| Low levels of '''Calcium''' can cause weak bones
However, remember that-
* '''Vitamin-D''' is required to absorb '''calcium '''in the body.

|-
| Image: vitamin D exposure

Image: clock

Image: clock

| The best way to obtain '''Vitamin-D''' is-
* exposure to sunlight between 11.00 am to 3.00 pm for 15 to 20 mins

|-
| Image: brain development

| Next, we will learn about '''Choline.'''

|-
| GIF: brain development

Image: memory and attention in the baby
| '''Choline''' is important for brain development of the babyAs it enhances memory and attention span.

|-
| Image: fatty liver

Image: miscarriages

Image: neural tube defects

| Deficiency of''' Choline''' leads to-
* fatty liver in adults
* Miscarriages and
* '''Neural tube defects''' in fetus -
* which is mentioned earlier in this tutorial

|-
| Image: zinc

| Let’s move ahead and learn the importance of '''Zinc''',

|-
| Image: improves immunity

Image: cell growth

Image: building DNA and '''protein'''

Image: healing of wounds

Image: fertility

Image: fetal development

| '''Zinc''' is important for immunity and cell growth
It helps in making genetic material and '''protein''' in the body
It helps in healing of wounds.
Also it contributes to ovulation and fertility in women
And it is important for growth of the fetus

|-
| Image: affect sense of taste

Image: sense of smell

Image: placenta

Image: placental cord
| Note that - Lack of dietary '''Zinc '''can affect -

* the sense of taste and smell.
* delay the growth of placenta:
** which is the cord that transports nutrients from mother to the fetus.

|-
| Image: affects growth of embryo

Image: results in LBW
| Lack of '''Zinc''' also - affects the growth of embryo

And results in low birth weight baby

|-
| Image: salt ( iodine)

Image: thyroid gland

| Another significant nutrient that we will look at, is, '''Iodine-''''''Iodine''' is required by the body to maintain normal levels of thyroid hormone,
* which are produced by the '''Thyroid''' '''gland'''

|-
| Image: miscarriage

Image: stillbirth

Image: congenital abnormalities like-

Image: cleft lip

Image: cleft palate

Image: low birth weight baby

Image: stunted growth

Image: mental retardation

| Deficiency of '''Iodine '''in mother leads to- Increased risk of miscarriage and stillbirth of the baby

* And it can also lead to-Birth deformities
* Low birth weight
* Stunted growth and
* Mental retardation in the baby

|-
| Image: nervous system

Image: prevents cramps and

Image: migraine headache
|| '''Magnesium''' is another nutrient which helps to calm the nervous system.
It prevents
* cramps and
* migraine headaches by relaxing the blood vessels in the brain

|-
| Image: blood pressure

Image: maintains rhythm of heart

Image: DNA production

Image: bone development

| It also maintains healthy blood pressure and rhythm of the heart
* It helps in production of genetic material and
* enhances bone development

|-
| Image: healthy nutrition for healthy pregnancy

Group image: alcohol

Image: miscarriage

Image: weak embryo

Image: tobacco

| Apart from a healthy nutrition for a healthy pregnancy -,It is important to avoid Alcohol as it can lead to miscarriage or weak embryo.

Other things to be avoided are-
* Tobacco

|-
| Group image: Cigarettes, Drugs, Self medication

Group Image: Sugar, tea and coffee, junk food

|
* Cigarettes
* Drugs
* Self medication
* Excessive use of sugar,
* Tea and coffee,
* Junk food and sweetened beverages

|-
| Image: female reproductive system

Image: adverse effects on pregnancy
| As these substances can affect reproductive health and have adverse effects on pregnancy.

|-
| image: woman on weighing scale

| Note that,

It is also important to manage weight before becoming pregnant,

|-
| Image: underweight women

Image: low birth weight baby

Image: 8 months calendar indicating 7 and 8 months

| Underweight women give birth to small babies or preterm babies
* Which are born during 7 to 8 months of pregnancy

|-
| Image: radiant warmer
| Such babies are at highest risk of premature deaths.

|-
| Image: women with increased weight and glucometer and bp

Image: neonatal baby with complications

| However, on the other hand, Women with increased weight have -
* high risk of gestational diabetes and blood pressure.
Also, it can lead to neonatal complications.

|-
| Image: consulting a healthcare provider

| Therefore, women should consult a healthcare provider
* to maintain a healthy weight before getting pregnant.

|-
| Image: collage of cereals, non-veg food, pulses, nuts, eggs, vegetables, dairy
| Along with this, it is very important to consume a healthy, well-balanced diet - containing vegetarian and/or non-vegetarian foods

|-
| Collage: Non-veg foods

Collage: dry fish

| Remember, that all non-veg foods are rich in -
* '''protein''', '''omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-9'''
* '''zinc, iron , calcium, choline and Vitamin-D'''

|-
| Collage: Pulses, millets, cereals, nuts
| Along with animal derived food, plant derived foods,
* Pulses, millet, cereals, nuts and seeds will help in formation of-
** Immune system,
** Muscles,
** Bones,

|-
| Collage: Pulses, millets, cereals, nuts

Collage: Fruits and vegetables

|
** liver,
** hair,
** skin ,
** eyes and
** brain.

|-
| Group Image: collage while editing

Image:Milk

Image: Curd

Image: Cheese

Image: paneer

| Apart from these, dairy products will also aid in the formation of bones and teeth of the baby

|-
| Collage: Leafy vegetables

Collage: Oil seeds

| Alternately,

Leafy vegetables and seeds are also rich in -

'''Calcium '''helps in the formation of bones and teeth of the baby

|-
| Collage: Food sources of Vitamin C

| Like leafy vegetables, Fruits are also rich in '''Vitamin-C''' and they help in- improving immunity,
absorption of Iron and
prevent infections

|-
| Collage: Beans, nuts, seeds
| For fertility of the woman and growth of the baby-Beans, nuts and seeds should be consumed along with other non-veg food.

|-
| Collage: Dairy products
| Various non-veg foods like Fish, dairy, eggs help to-
* maintain normal thyroid hormone,
* Improve growth and
* prevent physical defects

|-
| Collage: Food sources of Magnesium
| Nuts and seeds are rich in''' magnesium''' and are essential for-
* Functioning of nervous system and
* prevention of leg cramps

|-
| Slide: Acknowledgement slide

| This brings us to the end of this tutorial on-

Pre-pregnancy Nutrition.

Thank you for joining.
|-
|}

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 | Image:  muscle
-| Let us first begin with '''protein''':
+| Let us first begin with '''Protein''':
 |-
@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 The '''Protein''' is made up of different substances called '''Amino acids '''
 * There are in total 22 '''Amino acids '''
-* Out of which 9 '''amino acids '''have to be taken from the diet
+* Out of which 9 '''Amino acids '''have to be taken from the diet
 |-
@@ Line 120: / Line 120: @@
 |-
-| Image: complete '''protein''' collage of non veg foods while editing
+| Image: complete '''Protein''' collage of non veg foods while editing
-| All 9 '''Amino acids''' mentioned earlier are present in animal '''proteins'''.
+| All 9 '''Amino acids''' mentioned earlier are present in animal '''Proteins'''.
-* That is why animal '''proteins''' are called complete '''proteins'''.
+* That is why animal '''Proteins''' are called complete '''Proteins'''.
 |-
@@ Line 184: / Line 184: @@
 | Image: group image of eye, cell growth, fertility and immune system
-| After learning about '''protein''' and fat, we will now learn about '''vitamin-A'''
+| After learning about '''Protein''' and fat, we will now learn about '''vitamin-A'''
 |-
 | Image: eye health
@@ Line 330: / Line 330: @@
 Image: anemic cells
-| Apart from this, '''Hemoglobin '''helps to transport '''oxygen''' to other tissues and cells
+| Apart from this,
 '''Hemoglobin '''helps to transport '''oxygen''' to other tissues and cells
 Low levels of '''Hemoglobin''' or iron
@@ Line 401: / Line 401: @@
 |-
-| Group Image: bones and vit-d
+| Group Image: bones and vitamin-d
 Image: building healthy bones
@@ Line 542: / Line 542: @@
 | Deficiency of '''Iodine '''in mother leads to -
 Increased risk of miscarriage and stillbirth of the baby
 * And it can also lead to - birth deformities
@@ Line 592: / Line 590: @@
 |-
 |Image: tobacco
-|Other things to be avoided are-
+|Other things to be avoided are -
 * Tobacco
@@ Line 665: / Line 663: @@
 | Remember, that all non-veg foods are rich in -
-* '''protein''', '''omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-9'''
+* '''protein''', '''omega-3 fatty acids''', '''vitamin B-12''', '''vitamin B-9'''
-* '''zinc, iron , calcium, choline and Vitamin-D'''
+* '''zinc''', iron , '''calcium''', '''choline''' and '''Vitamin-D'''
 |-
 | Collage: Pulses, millets, cereals, nuts
 | Along with animal derived food, plant derived foods,
-* Pulses, millet, cereals, nuts and seeds will help in formation of-
+* Pulses, millet, cereals, nuts and seeds will help in formation of -
 ** Immune system,
 ** Muscles,
@@ Line 721: / Line 719: @@
 |-
 | Collage: Beans, nuts, seeds
-| For fertility of the woman and growth of the baby-Beans, nuts and seeds should be consumed along with other non-veg food.
+| For fertility of the woman and growth of the baby -
 |-
 | Collage: Dairy products
-| Various non-veg foods like Fish, dairy, eggs help to-
+| Various non-veg foods like Fish, dairy, eggs help to -
 * maintain normal thyroid hormone,
 * Improve growth and
@@ Line 732: / Line 731: @@
 |-
 | Collage: Food sources of Magnesium
-| Nuts and seeds are rich in''' magnesium''' and are essential for-
+| Nuts and seeds are rich in''' magnesium''' and are essential for -
 * Functioning of nervous system and
 * prevention of leg cramps
@@ Line 739: / Line 738: @@
 | Slide: Acknowledgement slide
-| This brings us to the end of this tutorial on-
+| This brings us to the end of this tutorial on -
 Pre-pregnancy Nutrition.

@@ Line 294: / Line 294: @@
 | Deficiency of '''folate '''in pregnant mothers leads to
 * '''Anemia''' and
-* defects of the brain and spine called '''Neural Tube Defect'''
+* defects of the brain and spine called '''Neural Tube Defects'''
 |-
@@ Line 680: / Line 680: @@
+|
-** liver,
+* liver,
-** hair,
+* hair,
-** skin ,
+* skin ,
-** eyes and
+* eyes and
-** brain.
+* brain
 |-
@@ Line 706: / Line 706: @@
 | Alternately,
-Leafy vegetables and seeds are also rich in -
+Leafy vegetables and seeds are also rich in '''Calcium ''' -
-'''Calcium '''helps in the formation of bones and teeth of the baby
+*and help in the formation of bones and teeth of the baby
 |-
 | Collage: Food sources of Vitamin C
-| Like leafy vegetables, Fruits are also rich in '''Vitamin-C''' and they help in- improving immunity,
+| Like leafy vegetables, Fruits are also rich in '''Vitamin-C''' and they help in -
 absorption of Iron and
-prevent infections
+* improving immunity,
 |-

@@ Line 382: / Line 382: @@
 Image: Pale skin
-| Signs of Iron deficiency '''Anemia''' are-
+| Signs of Iron deficiency '''Anemia''' are -
 * Tiredness and lack of energy
 * Breathlessness
@@ Line 435: / Line 435: @@
 Image: clock
-| The best way to obtain '''Vitamin-D''' is-
+| The best way to obtain '''Vitamin-D''' is -
 * exposure to sunlight between 11.00 am to 3.00 pm for 15 to 20 mins

@@ Line 541: / Line 541: @@
 Image: mental retardation
-| Deficiency of '''Iodine '''in mother leads to-
+| Deficiency of '''Iodine '''in mother leads to -
@@ Line 547: / Line 547: @@
-* And it can also lead to-Birth deformities
+* And it can also lead to - birth deformities
 * Low birth weight
 * Stunted growth and
@@ Line 558: / Line 558: @@
 Image: migraine headache
-|| '''Magnesium''' is another nutrient which helps to calm the nervous system.
+| '''Magnesium''' is another nutrient which helps to calm the nervous system.
 It prevents
 * cramps and
 * migraine headaches by relaxing the blood vessels in the brain
@@ Line 584: / Line 586: @@
 Image: weak embryo
-Image: tobacco
+*it is important to avoid Alcohol as it can lead to miscarriage or weak embryo.
-| Apart from a healthy nutrition for a healthy pregnancy -,It is important to avoid Alcohol as it can lead to miscarriage or weak embryo.
+|-
 * Tobacco
@@ Line 649: / Line 653: @@
 |-
 | Image: collage of cereals, non-veg food, pulses, nuts, eggs, vegetables, dairy
-| Along with this, it is very important to consume a healthy, well-balanced diet - containing vegetarian and/or non-vegetarian foods
 |-
@@ Line 657: / Line 664: @@
 | Remember, that all non-veg foods are rich in -
 * '''protein''', '''omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-9'''
 * '''zinc, iron , calcium, choline and Vitamin-D'''

@@ Line 483: / Line 483: @@
 Image: fetal development
-| '''Zinc''' is important for immunity and cell growth
+| '''Zinc''' is important for immunity and cell growth -
 It helps in making genetic material and '''protein''' in the body
 It helps in healing of wounds.
-Also it contributes to ovulation and fertility in women
+*It helps in making genetic material and '''protein''' in the body
-And it is important for growth of the fetus
+*It helps in healing of wounds.
 |-
@@ Line 497: / Line 499: @@
 Image: placental cord
-| Note that - Lack of dietary '''Zinc '''can affect -
+| Note that - lack of dietary '''Zinc '''can affect -
 * the sense of taste and smell.
@@ Line 516: / Line 518: @@
 Image: thyroid gland
-| Another significant nutrient that we will look at, is, '''Iodine-''''''Iodine''' is required by the body to maintain normal levels of thyroid hormone,
+| Another significant nutrient that we will look at, is, '''Iodine''' -
 * which are produced by the '''Thyroid''' '''gland'''
@@ Line 536: / Line 541: @@
 Image: mental retardation
-| Deficiency of '''Iodine '''in mother leads to- Increased risk of miscarriage and stillbirth of the baby
+| Deficiency of '''Iodine '''in mother leads to-
 * And it can also lead to-Birth deformities

@@ Line 394: / Line 394: @@
 Image: woman with yellow outline
-| Remember , With Iron, always consume '''Vitamin-C '''rich foods as it will help in iron absorption
+| Remember, with Iron -
 '''Vitamin-C '''also enhances immunity and thus reduces infections.
 |-
@@ Line 408: / Line 411: @@
 Image: development of teeth
-| Next we will learn the importance of '''Calcium '''& '''Vitamin D'''It is suggested to consume '''Calcium''' as it helps in development of bones
+| Next, we will learn the importance of '''Calcium '''& '''Vitamin D'''
 The fetus requires '''Calcium''' for bone and teeth development.
 |-
@@ Line 439: / Line 447: @@
 Image: memory and attention in the baby
-| '''Choline''' is important for brain development of the babyAs it enhances memory and attention span.
+| '''Choline''' is important for brain development of the baby
 |-
@@ Line 452: / Line 462: @@
 * Miscarriages and
 * '''Neural tube defects''' in fetus -
-* which is mentioned earlier in this tutorial
 |-

@@ Line 308: / Line 308: @@
 Image: fetal growth
-| We will now learn about the role of IronIron is required for formation of '''Hemoglobin''' in the blood and for fetal growth.
+| We will now learn about the role of Iron
 |-
@@ Line 317: / Line 319: @@
 Image: miscarriage
-| Low levels of '''hemoglobin''' in pregnancy can lead to
+| Low levels of '''hemoglobin''' in pregnancy can lead to -
 * High blood pressure during pregnancy
 * Preterm delivery
@@ Line 328: / Line 330: @@
 Image: anemic cells
-| Apart from this '''Hemoglobin '''helps to transport '''oxygen''' to other tissues and cells
+| Apart from this, '''Hemoglobin '''helps to transport '''oxygen''' to other tissues and cells
 Low levels of '''Hemoglobin''' or iron
 * leads to Anemia.
@@ Line 343: / Line 347: @@
 Image: peanut with yellow layer
-| Moreover, Iron may be low in women Due to -
+| Moreover, Iron may be low in women due to -
 * Monthly menstruation,
 * Worm infestation
@@ Line 360: / Line 364: @@
 Image: fermentation
-| In order to decrease '''Phytic acid''' and '''Oxalates'''
+| In order to decrease, '''Phytic acid''' and '''Oxalates''' and to increase absorption of nutrients -
-And to increase absorption of nutrients, use pre-cooking methods like -
 * Soaking,
 * Sprouting

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 Image: Pre-pregnant woman
-| In this tutorial we will learn about-Nutritional requirements during reproductive age and pre-pregnancy period.
+| In this tutorial, we will learn about -
 |-
@@ Line 69: / Line 71: @@
+|
-Deficiency of '''protein''' leads to -
+Deficiency of '''Protein''' leads to -
 * diminished growth of fetus for its age,
 * poor height, memory and motor skills in the baby,
@@ Line 86: / Line 88: @@
+|
-In adults it leads to -
+In adults, it leads to -
 * Wrinkling of skin,
 * Hair fall,
@@ Line 95: / Line 97: @@
 |-
 | Group image: hair, nails and skin
-| Another '''protein''' called '''Keratin''' is an important part of -hair, nails and skin
+| Another '''Protein''' called '''Keratin''' is an important part of - hair, nails and skin
 |-
-| Image: collage of '''protein''' rich foods
+| Image: collage of '''Protein''' rich foods
 Image: 22 green and red dots for amino acids
@@ Line 104: / Line 106: @@
 Image: 9 red dots for amino acids
 | Interestingly,
-The '''Protein''' is made up of different substances called '''amino acids '''
+The '''Protein''' is made up of different substances called '''Amino acids '''
 * There are in total 22 '''Amino acids '''
 * Out of which 9 '''amino acids '''have to be taken from the diet
 |-
-| Image: complete '''protein''' non veg collage
+| Image: complete '''Protein''' non veg collage
-Image: incomplete '''protein''' veg collage
+Image: incomplete '''Protein''' veg collage
 | Let us now look at the two types of '''Protein''' which are -
-* The Complete '''protein''' and
+* The Complete '''Protein''' and
-* The Incomplete '''protein'''
+* The Incomplete '''Protein'''
 |-
@@ Line 130: / Line 132: @@
 Image: collage of pulses
-| On the other hand, In plant based '''proteins''' -
+| On the other hand, In plant based '''Proteins''' -
 * some of these 9 necessary '''Amino acids''' are in lesser amounts
 For example, cereals are low in '''Lysine''' while pulses are low in '''Methionine'''
@@ Line 138: / Line 140: @@
+|
-* It is therefore important to consume different plant '''proteins''' together in combinations
+* It is therefore important to consume different plant '''Proteins''' together in combinations
 * For example, Grains and pulses should be consumed in a combination
 * as they both will provide enough quantities of necessary '''Amino acids'''
@@ Line 200: / Line 202: @@
 | Image: strength and health of woman
-| Like '''Vitamin A''', the entire Vitamin '''B-complex''' plays a crucial role in-
+| Like '''Vitamin A''', the entire '''Vitamin B-complex''' plays a crucial role in-
 * Strength and health of women in all stages of life.
 |-
-| Image: vitamin B-6 rich food sources collage
+| Image: '''Vitamin B-6''' rich food sources collage
 | Among all the '''B-Vitamins''', we will first look at '''Vitamin B-6'''- '''pyridoxine '''
@@ Line 232: / Line 234: @@
 Image: Neural tube defects
 | Which along with '''folate''' & '''choline '''helps to prevent -
@@ Line 240: / Line 239: @@
 * '''Anemia''' and '''Neural tube defects'''
-'''Neural tube''' defects are birth defects that -
+|-
 * affect the spine and central nervous system of the baby,
 * which are formed during the first month of pregnancy
@@ Line 249: / Line 255: @@
 Image: brain and spine
-| Note that, A '''neural tube''' is a part of the foetus that develops into the brain and spinal cord.
+| Note that, a '''neural tube''' is a part of the foetus that develops into the brain and spinal cord.
 |-