Nancyvarkey at 01:28, 30 May 2015

2015-05-30T01:28:19Z

Priyacst: Created page with "'''Title of script:''' '''Basic commands of Git''' '''Author:''' Priya K '''Keywords:''' '''Video tutorial, Git repository, basic commands, staging area, SHA-1 hash''' {|..."

2015-05-21T09:29:15Z

Created page with "'''Title of script:''' '''Basic commands of Git''' '''Author:''' Priya K '''Keywords:''' '''Video tutorial, Git repository, basic commands, staging area, SHA-1 hash''' {|..."

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'''Title of script:''' '''Basic commands of Git'''

'''Author:''' Priya K

'''Keywords:''' '''Video tutorial, Git repository, basic commands, staging area, SHA-1 hash'''

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| <center>Visual cue</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| <center>Narration</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 1:

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on''' Basic commands of Git'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 2:

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn about

* '''Git repository''' and
* Some basic commands of '''Git'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 3:

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| For this tutorial, I am using

* '''Ubuntu Linux 14.04'''
* '''Git 2.3.2'''. and
* '''gedit Text Editor'''

You can use any editor of your choice.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 4:

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To follow this tutorial

* You must have knowledge of running '''Linux '''commands on the '''Terminal.'''

* If not, for relevant '''Linux '''<nowiki>tutorials, please visit our website. <<PAUSE>></nowiki>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 5:

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now we will see what is '''Git repository.'''

* '''Git repository '''is a folder where all the data of our project will be stored.
* It can be located on the local machine or on a remote machine
* The difference between normal folder and a '''Git repository '''is:
** Normal folder contains only files and directories.
** But the '''Git repository '''contains set of files and directories, along with their complete history.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press Ctrl+Alt+T to open''' terminal'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let us learn to create a '''Git repository''' in our local machine.

Press '''Ctrl+Alt+T keys''' to open the''' terminal'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type''''' ''mkdir mywebpage''' and press''' Enter'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| On my machine, I will create a '''directory''' for the '''Git repository, '''in my '''Home''' directory'''.'''

You can create the directory wherever you want on your machine.

By default, we are in our '''Home '''directory.

Type,''' '''

'''mkdir space mywebpage''' and press''' Enter'''.

So now, we have created a directory '''mywebpage''' in our '''Home''' directory.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type''' cd mywebpage''' and press''' Enter'''.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To go''' '''into this '''directory''', type''' '''

'''cd space mywebpage''' and press''' Enter'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type''''' git init''''' and press''' Enter'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To make '''mywebpage''' '''directory '''as the '''Git repository''', type''''' ''git space init''' and press''' Enter'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the message “'''Initialized empty Git repository'''”

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| You can see the message “'''Initialized empty Git repository'''”.

This indicates that '''Git '''is initialized successfully.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the path
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| And this is the path where '''Git repository''' is created in our system.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| After initialization, a hidden folder '''dot git''' will be created inside the''' mywebpage''' folder.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type''''' ''ls -a''' and press''' Enter'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To see the hidden folder, type''''' '''''

'''ls space hyphen a''' and press''' Enter'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the hidden files
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| It shows the '''dot git '''folder'''.'''

Deleting this '''dot git''' folder will delete the whole '''repository'''.

So you should be very careful with this '''dot git''' folder.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now we have to set our identity to '''Git'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type '''git config --global user.email priya.spoken@gmail.com '''and press '''Enter'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To set the email address, type

'''<nowiki>git space config space hyphen hyphen global space user dot email space priya[dot]spoken@gmail.com</nowiki>'''

and press '''Enter'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| <nowiki>Highlight priya[dot]</nowiki>[mailto:spoken@gmail.com spoken][mailto:spoken@gmail.com @][mailto:spoken@gmail.com gmail][mailto:spoken@gmail.com .][mailto:spoken@gmail.com com]
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| <nowiki>Here I have used priya[dot]</nowiki>[mailto:spoken@gmail.com spoken][mailto:spoken@gmail.com @][mailto:spoken@gmail.com gmail][mailto:spoken@gmail.com .][mailto:spoken@gmail.com com].

You can use your own valid email address.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type''' git config --global user.name spoken '''and press '''Enter'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To set the username, type

'''git space config space hyphen hyphen global space user dot name space Priya'''

and press '''Enter.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight Priya
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I have used '''Priya''' as a username.

Please use your name instead of '''Priya'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the name and email address
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The name and the email address that we set are the identities of the person who is working on '''Git.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type '''git config --global core.editor gedit''' and press '''Enter'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Next I will configure the '''gedit text editor''' to give the '''commit''' message.

Type '''git space config space hyphen hyphen global space core dot editor space gedit''' and press '''Enter'''.

Now '''gedit''' is configured to '''Git'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight '''--global''' flag

Switch back to our slides

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here '''global''' flag is optional.

We will switch back to our slides to know more about '''global''' flag.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 6:

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| * Multiple repositories can be created in a single machine.
* If you use '''hyphen hyphen global''' flag, the setting will be applied to all the repositories in the machine.

* So, whenever you create a new '''Git repository,''' this setting will be applied, by default.
* If you want the identity only for a particular repository, then do not use '''hyphen hyphen global''' flag.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch back to our terminal

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch back to the '''terminal.'''

Now let us check the configuration details of the identity that we set earlier.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type '''git config --list''' and press '''Enter'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type '''git space config space hyphen hyphen list''' and press '''Enter.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight name, email address and editor
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, you can see the editor name, email address and username.

<nowiki><<PAUSE>></nowiki>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 7:

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I will be using '''html files '''for demonstration.

You can use any file type of your choice.

For eg: text files or doc files.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch back to the terminal

Clear the prompt

Type''''' ''gedit mypage.html''' '''& '''and press''' Enter'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch back to the '''terminal.''' Let me clear the prompt.

Now type''' '''

'''gedit space mypage.html space ampersand''' and press''' Enter'''.

If you are using another file, then give that filename instead of '''mypage.html'''.

We use the & (ampersand) to free up the prompt.

Now press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Copy and paste the code into the file

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I will copy and paste some code into this file, from my '''Writer document, '''which I had saved earlier.

Likewise, add some content into your file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Save the file
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, I will save my file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| So, I have an '''html''' file with some code in it.

Note: wherever I use '''mypage.html''', you will have to replace it with your filename.

Next, we will ask '''Git''' to follow the file''' mypage.html'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch back to the '''terminal >> '''Type''''' ''git add mypage.html''' and press''' Enter'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch back to the '''terminal''' and type''''' '''''

'''git space add space mypage.html''' and press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type''''' git status''''' and press''' Enter'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now we will check the current status of '''Git'''.

So type''''' ''git space status''' and press''' Enter'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the message “'''new file: mypage.html'''”
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| You can see “'''new file: mypage.html'''”.

This means that '''Git '''has started following the changes made to this file''' mypage.html'''.

This is called “'''tracking”'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Come to '''mypage.html''' file
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us switch back to our file''' mypage.html'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Add few lines
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| And add a few more lines of code to this file.

Like before, I will copy-paste from my '''Writer '''file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Save and close the file
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Save and close the file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch back to the terminal

Type''''' ''git status''' and press''' Enter'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Then switch back to the '''terminal'''.

As before, to check the current status of '''Git''', type

'''git space status''' and press''' Enter'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the message “'''Changes not staged for commit'''” and “'''modified: mypage.html'''”
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| It shows “'''Changes not staged for commit'''” and “'''modified: mypage.html'''”.

This means that the changes we made, have not been added to the''' staging area'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| <nowiki><<PAUSE>></nowiki>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 8:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us switch back to our slides to know more about '''Staging area'''.

* '''Staging area''' is a file that stores information of the changes that need to be committed.
* The file contents should be added to the '''staging area''' before committing them.
* We will discuss more about '''commit''' in the upcoming tutorials.
* Older '''Git '''versions used the term''' index''' instead of''' staging area.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch back to the terminal

Type''''' ''git add mypage.html''' and press''' Enter'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, let us see how to add the new changes of the file, to the''' staging area'''.

Switch back to the''' terminal'''. Let me clear the prompt.

Type''' git space add space mypage dot html''' and press''' Enter'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type''''' ''git status''' and press''' Enter'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To check the '''Git '''status, type''' git space status''' and press''' Enter'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight the message “'''Changes to be committed:'''”
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now you can see the message “'''Changes to be committed:'''”

This means that the file has been added to the '''staging area''' and is ready to be committed.

<nowiki><<PAUSE>></nowiki>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now we will freeze our code at this point.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 9:

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| * When we attain a particular stage in our work, we can save them in the '''repository'''.
* This is called '''commit'''.
* Each commit is saved with the information of username, email-id, date, time and commit message.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| ''' '''

Open the terminal and type '''git commit''' and press '''Enter'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let us see how to '''commit'''.

Switch back to the '''terminal '''and type '''git space commit''' and press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''gedit text editor '''opens up automatically to get the '''commit '''message.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type '''Initial commit'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In the first line, I will type “'''Initial commit'''” as the commit message.

You can type any informative message that you want.

Here you can see some lines begin with '''hash'''. You can leave them as it is or you can delete them.

Please write the '''commit''' message before or after the '''hash''' line.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight Initial commit
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In future, with this '''commit''' message, we can identify what we did till this stage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Save and close the gedit
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me save and close the editor.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight '''Initial Commit , 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), '''and''' mypage.html'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| You will see some details, such as

* The commit message
* How many files we have changed
* How many insertions we have done and
* Name of the file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let us see the '''commit''' details using '''git log''' command.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type''' ''git log''''' and press '''Enter'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type''' git space log''' and press '''Enter.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|

Highlight '''SHA-1 hash'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We have only one '''commit''' in our repository.

It shows a unique ID which is called '''commit hash''' or '''SHA-1 hash'''.

Switch back to our slides to know more about '''SHA-1 hash'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 10:

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| * '''SHA-1 hash '''is a unique id of 40 alpha-numeric characters.
* '''Git '''stores all the informations in its database by the '''hash value.'''

* '''Git '''commits are identified by the '''SHA-1 hash'''
* You will understand the importance of the '''SHA-1 hash '''in future tutorials

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|

Highlight the name, email address, date and message

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us come back to our '''terminal'''.

It shows the details of the '''commit''' such as author name, email address, date, time and the '''commit''' message, which we gave earlier.

<nowiki><<PAUSE>></nowiki>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| With this, we come to the end of this tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 11:

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us summarize.

In this tutorial we have learnt about

* Git repository and
* Some basic commands of Git like '''git''' '''init,''' '''status, commit '''and''' log'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 12:

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| As an assignment

* Create a '''directory''' in your machine and make it as a '''repository'''.
* Create a text file and add some content into it.

* Add the file to the '''staging area '''of the '''Git repository.'''
* '''Commit''' the file to your '''repository''' and
* See the '''commit''' details using '''git log''' command.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 13:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|

The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Pls download and watch it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 14:

Acknowledgement

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|

The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops and gives certificates to those who pass online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 15:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|

Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this Mission is available at the following link.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This is Priya from IIT Bombay.

Thanks for joining.

|}

Git/C2/Basic-commands-of-Git/English - Revision history

Nancyvarkey at 01:28, 30 May 2015

Priyacst: Created page with "'''Title of script:''' '''Basic commands of Git''' '''Author:''' Priya K '''Keywords:''' '''Video tutorial, Git repository, basic commands, staging area, SHA-1 hash''' {|..."