Madhurig: Created page with "{| border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narration''' |- ||'''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide''' || Hello everyone. Welcome to this tutorial on '''Diode, Rectifier and Transisto..."

2015-12-10T06:32:38Z

Created page with "{| border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narration''' |- ||'''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide''' || Hello everyone. Welcome to this tutorial on '''Diode, Rectifier and Transisto..."

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{| border=1
||'''Visual Cue'''
||'''Narration'''
|-
||'''Slide Number 1'''

'''Title Slide'''
|| Hello everyone.

Welcome to this tutorial on '''Diode, Rectifier and Transistor'''.
|-
||'''Slide Number 2'''

'''Learning Objectives'''

We will study:

* Working of PN Junction diode

* Diode as rectifier

* Diode IV characteristics

* LED IV characteristics

* Out of Phase inverting amplifier

* Transistor CE
||In this tutorial we will study:

* Working of PN Junction diode

* Diode as rectifier

* Diode IV characteristics

* Light emitting diode(LED) IV characteristics

* Out of Phase inverting amplifier and

* Transistor CE
|-
||'''Slide Number 3'''

''' System Requirement'''

* ExpEYES v 3.1.0

* Ubuntu Linux OS v 14.04
||Here I am using,

* ExpEYES version 3.1.0

* Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04
|-
||'''Slide Number 4'''

'''Pre-requisties'''

You should be familiar with:

'''ExpEYES Junior''' interface.

For relevant tutorials, visit our website.

'''www.spoken-tutorial.org'''.
||To follow this tutorial, you should be familiar with:

'''ExpEYES Junior''' interface.

If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.
|-
||
||Let's first define a '''PN junction diode'''.
|-
||'''Slide Number 5'''

'''PN junction Diode'''

'''PN junction diode''',
* is a semiconductor device which allows current to pass through in one direction.

* converts alternating current to direct current.
||'''PN junction diode''',

* is a semiconductor device which allows current to pass through in one direction.

* It converts alternating current to direct current.
|-
||'''Slide Number 6'''

'''PN junction Diode'''

Demonstrate working of '''PN junction diode''' as a '''half wave rectifier'''.
||We will demonstrate working of '''PN junction diode''' as a '''half wave rectifier'''.
|-
||'''Slide Number 7'''

'''Half wave Rectifier''',

* Convert AC signal into a DC signal in '''forward bias'''

* Convert AC signal into a DC signal in '''reverse bias'''

* Filter the AC component using a capacitor.
||In this experiment, we will,

* Convert AC signal into a DC signal in '''forward bias'''

* Convert AC signal into a DC signal in '''reverse bias'''

* Filter the AC component using a capacitor.
|-
||Show the picture.

Show circuit diagram.
||Now I will explain the circuit connections.

'''1K''' resistor is connected between '''GND''' and '''A2'''.

'''PN junction diode''' is connected between '''A2''' and '''SINE'''.

'''SINE''' is connected is to '''A1'''. Here '''SINE''' is an '''AC''' source.

This is the circuit diagram.
|-
||
||Let's see the result on the Plot window.
|-
||Click on '''A1''' and drag to '''CH1'''.

Point to '''A1'''.
||On the Plot window,

click on '''A1''' and drag to '''CH1'''.

'''A1''' is assigned to '''CH1'''.
|-
||Click on '''A2''' and drag to '''CH2'''.

Point to '''A2'''.
||Click on '''A2''' and drag '''CH2'''.

'''A2''' is assigned to '''CH2'''.
|-
||Move the '''mSec/div''' slider.

Point to the waves.
||Move the '''mSec/div''' slider to adjust the waves.

Two sine waves are generated.
|-
||Point to the black trace.

Point to the red trace.
||Black trace is the original sine wave.

Red trace is the rectified sine wave.

Negative half of red trace is completely removed, as it is a '''rectified wave'''.

Positive half starts after diode attains a '''threshold voltage'''.

'''AC''' signal gets converted into a '''DC''' signal, in the '''forward bias'''.
|-
||Click on '''CH1''', drag to '''FIT'''.

Click on '''CH2''', drag to '''FIT'''.

Point to voltage and frequency values.
||Click on '''CH1''' and drag to '''FIT'''.

Click on '''CH2''' and drag to '''FIT'''.

Observe the voltage and frequency values on the right side of the window.
|-
||Show the result on the Plot window.
||On reversing the diode connection, '''AC''' signal gets converted into a '''DC''' signal, in the '''reverse bias'''.
|-
||Show the picture.

Show circuit diagram.
||We will filter the sine wave using a '''10uF'''(micro farad) capacitor.

In the same connection, replace '''1K''' resistor with a '''10uF'''(micro farad) capacitor.

This is the circuit diagram.
|-
||
||Let's see the result on the '''Plot window'''.
|-
||Point to the sine wave.
||On the '''Plot window''' we can see that '''rectified sine wave''' is filtered.

Here '''AC''' component is called '''ripple''' in the '''DC'''.
|-
||'''Slide Number 8'''

'''Diode IV'''

Diode IV characteristics of:
* PN junction diode and LEDs.
||Next we will demonstrate diode IV characteristics of:
* PN junction diode and LEDs
|-
||Show the picture.

Show circuit diagram.
||I will explain the circuit connections.

'''PVS''' is connected to '''IN1''' through '''1K''' resistor.

'''IN1''' is connected to '''GND''' through '''PN junction diode'''.

This is the circuit diagram.
|-
||
||Let's see the result on the '''Plot window'''.
|-
||Click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button.

Select '''Diode IV'''.

Point to the windows.
||On the '''Plot window''', click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button.

Select '''Diode IV'''.

'''EYES:IV characteristics''' and '''Schematic''' windows open.

'''Schematic''' window shows the circuit diagram.
|-
||Click on '''START''' button.
||On '''EYES:IV characteristics''' window, click on '''START''' button.

Current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to '''0.6 volts'''.
|-
||Click on '''FIT''' button.

Point to '''Diode equation''' and '''Ideality factor'''.
||Click on '''FIT''' button.

'''Diode equation''' and '''Ideality factor''' are displayed.

'''Diode's ideality factor''' varies between 1 and 2.
|-
||'''Slide Number 9'''

'''LED'''

Replace diode with red, green & white '''LED'''s one by one in the circuit.
||We will replace diode with red, green and white '''LEDs''' one by one in the circuit.
|-
||'''Slide Number 10'''

'''Note'''

Please note '''LED''' glows only one direction.

If it does not glow, turn to opposite direction and connect again.
||Please note '''LED''' glows in only one direction.

If it does not glow, turn to opposite direction and connect again.
|-
||Show the picture.

Show circuit diagram.
||Let's first connect red '''LED''' in the circuit.

This is the circuit diagram.
|-
||Click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button.

Select '''Diode IV'''.
||On the '''Plot window''', click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button.

Select '''Diode IV'''.
|-
||Click on START button.

Point to the plot.
||On '''EYES:IV characteristics''' window, click on '''START''' button.

In the '''diode IV''' curve,
* current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to '''1.7 volts'''.
|-
||Show the picture.
||Let's connect green '''LED''' in the circuit.
|-
||Click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button.

Select '''Diode IV'''.
||On the '''Plot window''', click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button.

Select '''Diode IV'''.
|-
||Click on '''START''' button.

Point to the plot.
||On '''EYES:IV characteristics''' window, click on '''START''' button.

In the diode IV curve,
* current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to '''1.8 volts'''.

Here the value may vary a little.
|-
||Show the picture.
||Let's connect white '''LED''' in the circuit.
|-
|Click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button.

Select '''Diode IV'''.
||On the '''Plot window''', click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button.

Select '''Diode IV'''.
|-
||Click on '''START''' button.

Point to the plot.
||On '''EYES:IV characteristics''' window, click on '''START''' button.

In the diode IV curve,
* current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to '''2.6 volts'''.
|-
||'''Slide Number 11'''

'''Inverting amplifier'''

* Demonstrate 180 degree out of Phase sine waves.

* Inverting the output of SINE using an amplifier.

* 51K Ohm resistor for the amplification.
||Now we will demonstrate 180 degree out of Phase sine waves.

We can do this by inverting the output of '''SINE''' using an amplifier.

Here we are using '''51K''' resistor for the amplification.
|-
||Show the picture.

Show circuit diagram.
||I will explain the circuit connections.

'''A1''' is connected to '''SINE'''.

'''51K''' resistor is connected between '''SINE''' and '''IN'''.

'''OUT''' is connected to '''A2'''.

This is the circuit diagram.
|-
||
|| Let's see the result on the '''Plot window'''.
|-
||Click on '''A1''', drag to '''CH1'''.

Point to '''A1'''.
||On the '''Plot window''',

click on '''A1''' and drag to '''CH1.

'''A1''' is assigned to '''CH1'''.
|-
||Click on '''A2''', drag to '''CH1'''.

Point to '''A2'''.
||Click on '''A2''' and drag '''CH2'''.

'''A2''' is assigned to '''CH2'''.
|-
||Move the '''mSec/div''' slider.

Point to the waves.
||Move the '''mSec/div''' slider to adjust the waves.

Two '''AC waveforms''' differing in phase by 180 degree are generated.
|-
||Click on '''CH1''', drag to '''FIT'''.

Click on '''CH2''', drag to '''FIT'''.
||Click on '''CH1''' and drag to '''FIT'''.

Click on '''CH2''' and drag to '''FIT'''.
|-
||Point to voltage and frequency values.
||Voltage and frequency values are displayed on the right side.
|-
||Right click on '''CH1'''.

Point to voltage, frequency & Phase shift values.
||Right click on '''CH1'''.

Voltage, frequency & Phase shift values are displayed at the bottom of the window.
|-
||'''Slide number 12'''

'''Transistor CE'''

Plot '''transistor CE(collector emitter)''' characteristic curves.
||Now we will '''plot transistor CE(collector emitter)''' characteristic curves.
|-
||'''Slide number 13'''

'''NPN Transistor'''

* Use 2N2222, NPN transistor.

* Solder the wire of the transistor wires.

Show the picture.
||
* Please use 2N2222, NPN transistor.

* Solder the wires of the transistor.

So that transistor can be connected properly to the '''ExpEYES''' kit.
|-
||Show the picture.

Show circuit diagram.
||I will explain the circuit connections.

'''SQR1''' is connected to '''200K''' resistor.

'''200K''' resistor is connected to '''base''' of the transistor.

'''PVS''' is connected to '''collector''' using a '''1K''' resistor.

'''IN1''' is connected between '''1K''' resistor and '''collector'''.

'''Emitter''' is connected to GND.

'''100uF'''(micro farad) capacitor is connected between '''200K''' resistor and '''GND'''.

This is the circuit diagram.
|-
||
||Let's see the result on the '''Plot window'''.
|-
||Set '''PVS''' value as '''3 volt'''.
||On the '''Plot window''', '''Set PVS''' value as '''3 volt'''.

'''PVS''' is set to '''3volts''' to provide internal voltage.
|-
||Click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button, select '''Transistor CE'''.

Point to the windows.
||Click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button and select '''Transistor CE'''.

'''EYES Junior: Transistor CE characteristics''' and '''Schematic''' windows open.

'''Schematic''' window shows circuit diagram.
|-
||Change the voltage value to 1V.
||On the '''EYES Junior: Transistor CE characteristics''' window, change the base voltage value to '''1V'''.
|-
||Click on '''START''' button.

Point to the plot
||Click on '''START''' button.

Collector current increases and becomes constant.

Collector current is close to '''0.3mA'''.

Base Current is '''2uA'''(micro ampere).
|-
||Click on '''START''' button.

Point to the plot.
||Change the base voltage value to '''2V''' and click on '''START''' button.

Collector current is '''1.5mA'''

Base Current is '''7uA'''(micro ampere).
|-
||Click on '''START''' button.

Point to the plot.
||Change the base voltage value to '''3V''' and click on '''START''' button.

Collector current is '''2.7mA'''

Base Current is '''12uA'''(micro ampere).
|-
||
||Let's summarize.
|-
||'''Slide Number 14'''

'''Summary'''

We have studied:

* Working of PN Junction diode

* Diode as rectifier

* Diode IV characteristics

* LED IV characteristics

* Out of Phase inverting amplifier

* Transistor CE
||In this tutorial we have studied:

* Working of PN Junction diode

* Diode as rectifier

* Diode IV characteristics

* LED IV characteristics

*Out of Phase inverting amplifier and

* Transistor CE
|-
||'''Slide Number 15'''
'''Assignment'''

* Measure the intensity of light and its variation from the source.
||As an assignment,

* Measure the intensity of light and its variation from the source.

* This is the circuit diagram.

* The output should look like this.
|-
||'''Slide Number 16'''

'''Acknowledgement'''

Watch the video available at
http://spoken-tutorial.org
/What is a Spoken Tutorial

It summarises the Spoken Tutorial
project.

If you do not have good bandwidth,
you can download and watch it.
||This video summarises the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
|-
||'''Slide Number 17'''

The Spoken Tutorial Project Team
Conducts workshops using spoken
tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass
an online test

For more details, please write to
'''contact@spoken-tutorial.org'''
||We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give certificates.

Please contact us.
|-
||'''Slide number 18'''

Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project

It is supported by the National
Mission on Education through ICT,
MHRD, Government of India

More information on this Mission is
available at
http://spoken-tutorial.org
/NMEICT-Intro
||The Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD Government of India.
|-
||
||This tutorial is contributed by Kaushik Datta and Madhuri Ganapathi. Thank you for joining.
|-
|}

ExpEYES/C3/Diode-Rectifier-Transistor/English - Revision history

Madhurig: Created page with "{| border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narration''' |- ||'''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide''' || Hello everyone. Welcome to this tutorial on '''Diode, Rectifier and Transisto..."