Madhurig at 12:37, 26 April 2024

2024-04-26T12:37:05Z

Madhurig at 12:17, 26 April 2024

2024-04-26T12:17:18Z

Nirmala Venkat: Created page with "{| border="1" |- || '''Visual Cue''' || '''Narration''' |- || '''slide:1''' || Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Silicon''' '''Diode Characteristics''' using '''CircuitJS''..."

2024-04-24T11:41:08Z

Created page with "{| border="1" |- || '''Visual Cue''' || '''Narration''' |- || '''slide:1''' || Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Silicon''' '''Diode Characteristics''' using '''CircuitJS''..."

New page

{| border="1"
|-
|| '''Visual Cue'''
|| '''Narration'''
|-
|| '''slide:1'''
|| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Silicon''' '''Diode Characteristics''' using '''CircuitJS''' simulator.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| '''Slide 2:'''

'''Learning Objective'''
|| In this tutorial, we will learn about
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Voltage-Current(V-I) characteristics of '''Silicon''' diode in forward and reverse bias.</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| '''Slide 3:'''

'''System Requirement'''
|| To record this tutorial, I am using:
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Ubuntu Linux 20.04 OS</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''CircuitJS''' Application</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| '''Slide 4:'''

'''Prerequisite'''
|| To follow this tutorial, you should have a basic knowledge of
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Electrical circuits</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| '''Slide 5:'''

'''What is a Diode?'''
||
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Diode is a semiconductor device with two terminals.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">These terminals control the flow of electrons in a circuit.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Diodes can be used as rectifiers, switches, voltage regulators etc. </div>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| '''Slide 6:'''

'''Diode image'''

'''Diode_Symbol.png'''
||
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Diode is represented with this symbol.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The diode symbol has a triangle with a line across one vertex.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The vertex side of the triangle is cathode.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The base side of the triangle is an anode of the diode.</div>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| '''Slide:'''

'''Diode Biasing'''
|| The process of applying an external voltage to a p-n junction of a diode is called biasing.

There are two ways of Biasing:
# <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Forward Bias '''and</div>
# <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Reverse Bias'''</div>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| '''Forward Bias'''

'''Forward_Bias_Diode.png'''

|| In forward bias,
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the P-Junction or anode of diode</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The negative terminal of the power supply is connected to the N-junction or cathode of the diode</div>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
||
|| We will make this circuit to explain forward bias characteristics of the diode.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| Show the diagram

'''Forward_Bias_Diode.png'''

|| For Forward bias diode circuit, we require,
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Variable voltage (That is, 0 volts to 2 volts)</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Diode</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Ammeter</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">1 Ohm resistor</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Ground</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| Keep the circuit diagram on top right
|| Let us open the '''CircuitJS''' interface.

In the menu bar, click on '''File''' and select '''New Blank Circuit'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| '''Select variable voltage'''

|| Click on '''Draw''', go to '''Inputs and Sources''', and select '''Add Variable voltage'''.

Draw the variable voltage in the working area as shown.

We require a voltage range of 0 to 2 volts.

Right click on the variable voltage component and select the '''Edit''' option.

In the Minimum voltage box, enter 0 and in the maximum voltage box, enter 2.

Click on the '''OK''' button to save the changes.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| '''Select Diode'''
|| Click on '''Draw''', go to '''Active Components''', and select '''Add Diode''' option.

Draw the diode in the working area.

This is the default diode available on the '''CircuitJS''' platform.

This diode has characteristics of a '''Silicon diode'''.

Connect the P-junction of the diode to the variable voltage in the circuit.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| '''Select Ammeter'''
|| Now, click on '''Draw''', go to '''Outputs and Labels''', and select '''Add Ammeter''' component.

Draw the ammeter in the working area as shown.

Connect the ammeter to the N-junction of the diode.

Next, we will connect a resistor to the ammeter.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| '''Select Resistor'''

|| Go to '''Draw''', select '''Add resistor''' option.

Drag and draw the resistor in the working area as shown.

The default value of the resistor is 1 Kilo Ohm.

Use the '''Edit''' option and change the resistor value to 1 Ohm.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| '''Select Ground'''
|| Now, we need a ground component to complete the circuit.

Click on '''Draw''', go to '''Inputs and Sources''' and select '''Add ground''' option.

Draw and connect the ground component to the resistor in the circuit as shown.

Observe the yellow dots indicating the current flow in the circuit.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
||
|| On the right side, you will see a slider to change the voltage value.

Use the slider to change the variable voltage value to 0 volts as shown.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
||
|| We need a graph with relevant values of voltage and current.

These values will explain the V-I characteristics of a silicon diode.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| '''Select View in New Scope and open graph'''

'''Go to settings '''
|| Right click on the diode and select '''View in New Scope''' option.

A graph will appear at the bottom of your screen.

Increase the size of the graph by dragging the graph screen.

At the bottom left corner, you will see a '''Settings''' icon, click on it.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
||

Change the graph
|| A pop-window will open.

Click on the '''X-Y Plot''' option, and check the '''Show V vs I''' box.

Click on the '''OK''' button to save the changes.

The voltage values are plotted on the X-axis represented by the green line.

The current values are plotted on the Y-axis represented by the yellow line.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| '''FB_Observation Table.png'''
|| Create a table to note down the current readings for the given voltage values.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| '''FB_0 volts.png'''

'''Silicon_Diode Video.mp4 (do not include from 6.38 to 8.06)'''
|| At 0 volts, the ammeter shows no current flowing through the diode.

Hence, the current value for this condition is 0 Ampere.

Notice the dot in the graph, which shows the voltage and current values.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| Editing

Put a red box around the changes in values

'''FB_0.5 volts.png'''
|| Now, we will gradually increase the variable voltage using the voltage slider.

Note the changes in voltage and current in the circuit.

For voltage value 0.5 volts, the ammeter shows negligible current flow through the diode.

We can see the dot on the graph moving along the x-axis.

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| '''FB_0.7 volts.png'''
|| As we increase the voltage value to 0.7 volts, the ammeter shows an increase in the current value.

The dot in the graph moves on the Y axis which shows increase in current.

This point where the current increases is called the '''knee voltage'''.

Thus, the''' knee voltage''' for the silicon diode is 0.7 volts.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| Move the slider the slowly
'''FB_2 volts.png'''
|| Note down the current reading for the remaining voltage values of 1 volt, 1.5 volts and 2 volts.

Notice the dot in the graph showing an increase in the current value.

Hence for input voltage above 0.7 volts, the silicon diode acts as a conductor.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
||
|| Now let us see how a diode behaves in reverse bias mode.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| Slide:

'''Reverse_Bias_Diode.png'''
|| In reverse bias,
# <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the '''N-Junction''' or '''cathode''' of the diode;</div>
# <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The negative terminal of the power supply is connected to the '''P-junction''' or '''anode''' of the diode;</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| '''Reverse_Bias_Diode.png'''
|| We will create this circuit to explain reverse bias characteristics of the diode.

Go back to '''CircuitJs''' simulator.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
||
|| Let us first set the variable voltage value to 0 volts using the slider.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| CircuitJS Explanation
|| Click on the '''RUN/Stop''' button on the top right corner to stop the simulation.

Click on the '''Reset''' button to erase the forward bias V-I characteristics graph.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
||
|| Let us change the circuit for Reverse bias mode.

Right click on the diode and select the '''Swap Terminals''' option.

The positive end of the supply is now connected to the cathode of the diode.

And the negative end is connected to the anode of the diode.

A reverse bias diode circuit is ready.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
||
|| Now, start the simulation by clicking on the '''RUN/Stop''' button again.

Since voltage is not applied to the circuit, current cannot pass through the circuit.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| '''RB_Observation Table.png'''

'''Editing'''

'''Red box around the negative value'''
|| Let us increase the variable voltage from 0 volts to 2 volts using the slider.

Refer to the observation table for the diode connected in reverse bias mode.

Since the diode is connected in reverse bias, the voltage and current readings will be negative.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
||
||
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| '''Show dot in the graph'''
|| For all voltage values, the current flowing through the diode is negligible.

Notice the dot on the graph, it moves along the negative x-axis.

This indicates that there is no change in the current flowing through the diode.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Slide:

Diode Characteristics

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;" | Thus we can conclude the following;

# <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Forward bias in a diode allows current flow, enabling conduction.</div>
# <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Reverse bias creates a barrier, limiting a negligible current passing through the diode</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
||
|| This brings us to the end of the tutorial. Let us summarize.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| Slide Summary
|| In this tutorial, we learnt about

* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Voltage-current(V-I), characteristics of Silicon diode in forward and reverse bias</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"
|| Slide:

Assignment
|| As an assignment,
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Find the knee voltage of the '''Germanium''' diode.</div>

Hint - Double click on the diode and select 1N34 (germanium diode).
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Slide :

About Spoken Tutorial project
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Slide :Spoken Tutorial workshops
|| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Slide : Forum for specific questions
|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Acknowledgement
|| Spoken Tutorial project was established by the Ministry of Education(MoE), Govt of India
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Thank you
|| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

Thanks for watching.
|-
|}

@@ Line 160: / Line 160: @@
 || A pop-window will open.
-Click on the '''X-Y Plot''' option, check the '''Show V vs I''' box.
+Click on the '''X-Y Plot''' option, check the '''Show V vs I''' checkbox.
 Click on the '''OK''' button to save the changes.
@@ Line 187: / Line 187: @@
 || Now, we will gradually increase the variable voltage using the voltage slider.
-Note the changes in voltage and current in the circuit.
+Note the changes in the voltage and current in the circuit.
 For voltage value 0.5 volts, the ammeter shows negligible current flow through the diode.
@@ Line 256: / Line 256: @@
 '''Red box around the negative value'''
-|| Let us increase the variable voltage from 0 volts to 2 volts using the slider.
+|| Let us increase the variable voltage from 0 to 2 volts using the slider.
 Refer to the observation table for the diode connected in reverse bias mode.

CircuitJS/C3/Silicon-Diode-Characteristics/English - Revision history

Madhurig at 12:37, 26 April 2024

Madhurig at 12:17, 26 April 2024

Nirmala Venkat: Created page with "{| border="1" |- || '''Visual Cue''' || '''Narration''' |- || '''slide:1''' || Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Silicon''' '''Diode Characteristics''' using '''CircuitJS''..."