ChemCollective-Virtual-Labs/C3/Metal-Displacement-Reactions/English - Revision history

Madhurig at 12:24, 14 July 2017

2017-07-14T12:24:47Z

Madhurig at 12:20, 14 July 2017

2017-07-14T12:20:33Z

Madhurig at 12:16, 14 July 2017

2017-07-14T12:16:22Z

Madhurig at 10:26, 13 July 2017

2017-07-13T10:26:38Z

Madhurig at 08:12, 13 July 2017

2017-07-13T08:12:22Z

Madhurig at 07:54, 13 July 2017

2017-07-13T07:54:24Z

Madhurig: Created page with " {| border =1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||''' Narration''' |- || '''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide ''' || Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Metal Displacement Reactions''..."

2017-07-12T11:14:04Z

Created page with " {| border =1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||''' Narration''' |- || '''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide ''' || Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Metal Displacement Reactions''..."

New page

{| border =1
||'''Visual Cue'''
||''' Narration'''
|-
|| '''Slide Number 1'''

'''Title Slide '''
|| Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Metal Displacement Reactions''' using '''Vlabs'''.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 2 '''

'''Learning Objectives'''
|| In this tutorial we will learn to,

1. Carry out displacement reactions of,

Magnesium,

Zinc,

Lead

Copper and

Silver

2. Arrange metals in decreasing order of reactivity.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 3'''

'''Pre-requisites'''

'''www.spoken-tutorial.org.'''
|| To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with,

'''ChemCollective Vlabs''' interface.

If not for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 4'''

'''System Requirement'''
|| Here I am using

Mac OS version 10.10.5

ChemCollective Vlabs version 2.1.0

Java version 8.
|-
|| Double-Click on the '''jar''' file in '''Vlabs''' folder.

Point to the '''Default lab setup''' window.
|| Here I have opened''' Virtual Chemistry Labs''' application window.

'''Default lab setup''' window opens.
|-
|| Click on '''File''', click on''' Load Homework''' option.

Double-Click on '''Redox Folder.'''

Double-Click on '''Redox Reaction Series.'''
|| Click on '''File '''menu and select '''Load Homework''' option.

'''Default Lab Setup''' dialog box opens.

Double-Click on '''Redox''' Folder.

Then double-Click on '''Redox Reaction Series.'''
|-
|| Click on '''Problem Description'''.
|| Click on '''Problem Description''' in the '''Stockroom Explorer.'''

|-
|| Point to the 1st line.
|| The problem states that,

1. Perform metal displacement reactions.

2. Arrange the given metals from strongest to weakest reducing agent.

|-
|| Click on the '''Solids''' cabinet and '''Solutions''' cabinet.

Cursor on '''Solids''' and '''Solutions'''.
|| '''Stockroom Explorer''' is provided with all the required metals and their salt solutions.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 5'''

'''Redox Reactions'''
|| Let us define '''Redox Reactions'''.

An '''oxidation-reduction (redox)''' reaction, involves transfer of electrons between two species.

'''Oxidation''' is loss of electrons by any species.

'''Reduction '''is gain of electrons by any species.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 6'''

'''Displacement Reactions'''
|| '''Metal displacement''' reactions are a type of Redox reactions.

In '''metal displacement''' reactions,

a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal in a metal salt solution.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 7'''

'''Metal Displacement Reaction'''
|| This slide shows the '''activity series '''of some metals used in '''displacement reactions'''.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 8'''

'''Metal Displacement Reactions'''

AB(aq) + C -----> CB(aq) + A

2AgNO3(aq) + Cu(s) ---> Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)

Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)-----> no reaction.
|| Here is an example of metal''' displacement reaction.'''

'''Silver''' ions in '''silver nitrate''' can be replaced by '''copper''' to form '''copper nitrate'''.

Elemental '''silver''' is precipitated in the reaction.

'''Silver''' has lower '''oxidation potential''' than copper. It cannot replace '''copper''' from '''copper nitrate.'''

|-
|| Click on '''Workbench1'''.
|| Switch to application window

Click on '''Workbench1'''.

Right-click on the '''workbench''' tab to rename.

Type name as '''Magnesium-rxn''' (Magnesium reaction).

|-
|| Click on '''Stockroom Explorer'''.

Click on '''Solids''' '''cabinet''', double-click on '''Magnesium.'''

Click on''' Solutions''' '''cabinet''' double-click on,

'''Copper nitrate'''

'''Zinc Nitrate'''

'''Lead Nitrate'''

'''Silver Nitrate'''

Close the '''cabinets.'''

|| Let us now demonstrate the reactivity of '''Magnesium '''metal.

From the '''Stockroom Explorer,''' click on '''Solids''' cabinet, double-click on''' Magnesium'''.

Click on''' Solutions''' cabinet, double-click on,

'''0.1 M Copper nitrate'''

'''0.1 M Zinc Nitrate'''

'''0.1 M Lead Nitrate'''

'''0.2 M Silver Nitrate'''.

Close the '''cabinets'''.

|-
|| Click on '''Glassware''' menu, click on Erlenmeyer flask.

Click on 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask.

Right-click on the flask, select '''Duplicate''' option.
|| Click on '''Glassware''' menu, select '''250 mL Erlenmeyer flask'''

We need 4 flasks for this experiment.

Make duplicates of the '''Erlenmeyer flask'''.

|-
|| Right-click on the flask. From the '''context''' menu, click on '''Rename''' option.

Type the symbol and click on '''Rename.'''

Click on any bottle.

Point to '''Solution info panel.'''

|| Rename the flasks with corresponding metal symbols, '''Zn, Pb, Ag''' and '''Cu'''.

Arrange the apparatus and chemicals.

Click on any one of the bottles containing solution.

The '''Solution Info panel''' shows the bottle contains 50 ml of solution.

|-
|| Place the bottle containing metal salt solution on the Erlenmeyer flask.

Type 50 in the '''Transfer amount input''' bar.

Click on '''Pour'''.
|| Pour the contents of the bottles into respective flasks using '''Precise transfer''' mode.

Type 50 in the '''Transfer amount input''' bar.

Click on '''Pour'''.

Similarly transfer contents of the bottles into flasks.

|-
|| Drag and keep the empty bottles aside.
|| Keep the empty bottles aside.

|-
|| Click on '''Erlenmeyer flask.'''

Point to solution info panel.
|| Click on each '''Erlenmeyer flask''' and note the concentration of the metal ions.

|-
|| Place the bottle containing metal on the Erlenmeyer flask.

Type 1 in the '''Transfer amount input''' bar.

Click on '''Pour'''.
|| Pour 1 g of solid '''Magnesium''' metal in each flask using '''Precise transfer''' mode.

|-
|| Click on the flask containing '''copper nitrate'''.

Point the flask.

Cursor on '''Solution Info Panel'''.
|| Click on the flask containing '''copper nitrate''' .

Observe that the green color of the solution has disappeared.

Temperature increases on addition, then decreases.

The reaction is '''exothermic'''.

|-
|| Point to '''Solution Info Panel.'''
|| In the '''Solution Info Panel''', concentration of '''copper ions''' is zero.

'''Magnesium''' ions are observed in the solution.

This means that '''Magnesium''' has displaced '''copper ions ''' from the solution.

|-
|| Click on '''Solid''' radio button.

Cursor on '''copper''' metal.
|| Click on '''Solid''' radio button.

Observe that metallic '''copper''' is now deposited in the solution.

This is because '''Magnesium '''has higher '''oxidation potential '''than '''copper'''.

|-
|| Click on the flask containing '''Zinc nitrate'''.

Click on '''Aqueous''' radio button on the '''Solution Info Panel'''.

Click on '''Solid''' radio button.
|| Click on the flask containing '''Zinc nitrate'''.

Click on '''Aqueous''' radio button on the '''Solution Info Panel'''.

Concentration of '''Zinc''' ions is zero.

'''Magnesium''' ions are now observed.

Click on '''Solid''' radio button.

Observe that '''Zinc''' is now found in the solution.

'''Magnesium''' has replaced '''Zinc''' ions from its solution.

|-
|| Click on the flask containing '''lead nitrate'''.

On the '''Solution Info panel''', concentration of lead ions is zero.

'''Magnesium''' ions are now observed.

Click on '''Solid '''radio button, observe that L'''ead''' is now found in the solution.
|| Click on the flask containing '''lead nitrate'''.

Observe '''Solution Info panel'''.

'''Magnesium''' has replaced '''Lead''' ions from its solution.

|-
|| Click on the flask containing '''silver nitrate'''.

On the '''Solution info panel,''' concentration of '''silver''' ions is zero.

'''Magnesium''' ions are now observed.

Click on '''Solid''' radio button, observe that '''silver''' is now found in the solution.
|| Click on the flask containing '''silver nitrate'''.

Observe '''Solution Info panel.'''

'''Magnesium''' has replaced '''Silver''' ions from its solution.

|-
|| Click on '''File''' menu, select '''New Workbench'''.
|| Let us now demonstrate the activity of '''Zinc'''.

Click on '''File''' menu, select '''New Workbench'''.

Rename the workbench as '''Zinc-rxn'''.

|-
|| Click on '''Solids '''cabinet click on '''Zn'''.

Click on '''Solutions''' cabinet, click on

''' 0.1 M Copper nitrate'''

'''0.1 M Magnesium Nitrate'''

'''0.1 M Lead Nitrate'''

''' 0.2 M Silver Nitrate'''

Click on the radio button to close the '''cabinet'''.
|| From '''Solids '''cabinet select '''Zn'''.

Click on '''Solutions cabinet''' and select

'''0.1 M Copper nitrate'''

'''0.1 M Magnesium Nitrate'''

'''0.1 M Lead Nitrate'''

'''0.2 M Silver Nitrate'''

Close the '''cabinets'''.

|-
|| Click on '''Glassware''' menu, click on '''Erlenmeyer flask.'''

Right-click on the flask.

From the context menu, click on '''Rename''' option.

Type the symbol and click on '''Rename.'''

Click on any bottle.

Point to '''Solution info panel.'''

Place the bottle on the flask.

Type 50 in the '''Transfer amount input''' bar.

Click on '''Pour'''.
|| As we did in the previous experiment, take 4 ''' Erlenmeyer flasks'''.

Rename the flasks with corresponding metal symbols '''Mg, Pb, Cu''' and '''Ag'''.

Arrange the apparatus.

Pour the contents of the bottles into the respective flasks.

Type 50 in the '''Transfer amount input''' bar.

Click on '''Pour'''.
|-
|| Place the '''Zn''' metal bottle on the flask.

Type 1 in the '''Transfer amount input''' bar.

Click on '''Pour'''.
|| Pour 1 g of solid '''Zinc''' metal in each flask.

Type 1 in the '''Transfer amount input''' bar.

Click on '''Pour'''.
|-
|| Click on the flask containing '''copper nitrate.'''

On the '''Solution Info Panel''', concentration of '''copper''' ions is zero.

'''Zinc''' ions are now observed.

Click on '''Solid''' radio button, observe that '''copper''' is now found in the solution.
|| Click on the flask containing '''copper nitrate'''.

Observe that '''Copper''' is displaced by '''Zinc.'''

|-
|| Click on the flask containing '''Magnesium nitrate'''.

On the '''Solution Info Panel''', concentration of Zinc ions is zero.

Click on '''Solid''' radio button, observe that '''Magnesium''' is not displaced in this reaction.

So '''Zinc''' metal is unreacted and remains in the flask.
|| Click on the flask containing '''Magnesium nitrate.'''

'''Zinc '''cannot replace '''Magnesium''' from the solution.

Because '''Zinc''' has '''lower oxidation potential''' than '''Magnesium'''.

Hence, there is no reaction and '''Zinc''' remains in the solution.

|-
|| Click on flask containing '''lead nitrate'''.

On the '''Solution info panel''', concentration of '''Lead''' ions is zero.

Click on '''Solid''' radio button, observe that '''Lead''' is displaced by '''Zinc''' in this reaction.

'''Lead''' is deposited as solid.

Click on flask containing '''Silver nitrate.'''

On the '''Solution Info panel,''' concentration of Silver ions is zero.

Click on '''Solid''' radio button, observe that '''Silver''' is displaced by '''Zinc''' in this reaction.

'''Silver '''is deposited as solid.
|| Similarly click on flasks containing '''Lead nitrate''' and '''Silver nitrate'''.

Observe that '''Zinc''' displaces both '''Lead '''and '''Silver'''.

|-
|| Open a different workbench for each metal displacement reaction.

Click on File menu, select '''New Workbench''' option.

Right-click on the workbench tab.

A text box opens.

In the box type '''Lead-rxn,'''

Point to the '''Stockroom Explorer'''
|| Similarly perform the experiments for '''Lead, Copper''' and '''Silver'''.

Open a different '''workbench''' for each metal displacement reaction.

Rename the workbenches as '''Lead-rxn, Copper-rxn''' and '''Silver-rxn'''.

Required metals and salt solutions are available in the '''Stockroom Explorer.'''

|-
|| Click on each '''workbench.'''
|| We have performed these experiments. Here are the observations.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 9'''

''' Metal Displacement Reaction'''
|| We have tabulated the results as shown.

'''Magnesium ''' has higher '''oxidation potential''' value.

'''Magnesium''' displaces metal ions, '''Zinc, lead, Copper''' and '''silver''' which have lower '''oxidation potentials'''.

'''Silver''' with lowest '''oxidation potential ''' cannot displace,

'''Magnesium, zinc, lead or copper''' ions from solution.

|- .
|| '''Slide Number 10'''

Order of reactivity

Mg>Zn>Pb >Cu>Ag
|| The order of reactivity from strongest to weakest '''reducing agent''' is as follows.

'''Mg>Zn>Pb >Cu>Ag'''

|-
| '''Slide Number 11'''

'''Summary '''
|| Let us summarize

In this tutorial we have,

Determined the order of reactivity for the following metals,

Magnesium

Zinc

Lead

Copper and

Silver.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 12 '''

'''Assignment '''
|| As an assignment

1. Perform displacement reactions using

solutions of metal halides.

2. Establish the order of reactivity of '''halogens'''.

3. The required chemicals are available in the '''Stockroom Explorer'''.

|-
|| '''Slide Number13'''

'''About Spoken Tutorial project'''
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
| '''Slide Number14'''

'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team,

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

|-
| '''Slide Number 15:'''

'''Forum for specific questions:'''

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site

Choose the minute and second where you have the question

Explain your question briefly

Someone from our team will answer them
|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 16'''

'''Acknowledgement'''
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.

|-
||
|| This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha Kaliappan and Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT-Bombay. Thank you for joining.
|-
|}

@@ Line 276: / Line 276: @@
-Observe that the green color of the solution has disappeared.
+Observe that green color of the solution has disappeared.
 Temperature increases on addition, then decreases.
@@ Line 288: / Line 288: @@
 '''Magnesium''' ions are observed in the solution.
-This means that '''Magnesium''' has displaced '''copper  ions''' from the solution.
+This means that '''Magnesium''' has displaced '''copper ions''' from the solution.
 |-
@@ Line 301: / Line 301: @@
-This is because '''Magnesium '''has higher '''oxidation potential '''than '''copper'''.
+This is because '''Magnesium''' has higher '''oxidation potential ''' than '''copper'''.
 |-
@@ Line 377: / Line 377: @@
 ||  Click on '''Solids '''cabinet click on '''Zn'''.
-Click on '''Solutions''' cabinet, click on
+Click on '''Solutions''' cabinet, select
-''' 0.1 M Copper nitrate'''
+''' 0.1 M Copper Nitrate'''
 '''0.1 M Magnesium Nitrate'''
@@ Line 393: / Line 393: @@
 Click on '''Solutions cabinet''' and select
-'''0.1 M Copper nitrate'''
+'''0.1 M Copper Nitrate'''
 '''0.1 M Magnesium Nitrate'''
@@ Line 513: / Line 513: @@
-Observe that '''Zinc''' displaces both '''Lead '''and '''Silver'''.
+Observe that '''Zinc''' displaces both '''Lead''' and '''Silver'''.
 |-
@@ Line 539: / Line 539: @@
-Required metals and salt solutions are available in the '''Stockroom Explorer.'''
+Required metals and salt solutions are available in the '''Stockroom Explorer'''.
 |-
@@ Line 558: / Line 558: @@
-'''Silver''' with lowest '''oxidation potential ''' cannot displace,
+'''Silver''' with lowest '''oxidation potential''' cannot displace,
 '''Magnesium, zinc, lead or copper''' ions from solution.
@@ Line 569: / Line 569: @@
 Mg>Zn>Pb >Cu>Ag
-|| The order of reactivity from strongest to weakest '''reducing agent''' is as follows.
+|| The order of reactivity from strongest to weakest '''reducing agents''' is as follows.
@@ Line 598: / Line 598: @@
 '''Assignment '''
-|| As an assignment
+|| As an assignment,
-. Perform displacement reactions using
+. Perform displacement reactions using solutions of metal halides.
-−
 solutions of metal halides.

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 . Carry out displacement reactions of,
-Magnesium,
+Magnesium
-Zinc,
+Zinc
 Lead
@@ Line 570: / Line 570: @@
-'''Mg>Zn>Pb >Cu>Ag'''
+'''Mg > Zn > Pb > Cu > Ag'''.
 |-
@@ Line 618: / Line 618: @@
 '''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
-|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team,
+|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project ''' team,
 conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {| border =1
 ||'''Visual Cue'''
@@ Line 609: / Line 607: @@
 |-
-||  '''Slide Number13'''
+||  '''Slide Number 13'''
 '''About Spoken Tutorial project'''
@@ Line 617: / Line 615: @@
 |-
-|  '''Slide Number14'''
+|  '''Slide Number 14'''
 '''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
@@ Line 629: / Line 627: @@
 |-
-|  '''Slide Number 15:'''
+|  '''Slide Number 15'''
-'''Forum for specific questions:'''
+'''Forum for specific questions'''
 Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

@@ Line 121: / Line 121: @@
 ||  '''Slide Number 7'''
-'''Metal Displacement Reaction'''
+'''Reactivity Series'''
 || This slide shows the '''activity series '''of some metals used in '''displacement reactions'''.
@@ Line 548: / Line 548: @@
 || '''Slide Number 9'''
-''' Metal Displacement Reaction'''
+''' Metal Displacement Reactions'''
 || We have tabulated the results as shown.

@@ Line 367: / Line 367: @@
 |-
 ||  Click on '''File''' menu, select '''New Workbench'''.
-|| Let us now demonstrate the activity of '''Zinc'''.
+||Now let us  demonstrate the activity of '''Zinc'''.

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
-'''www.spoken-tutorial.org.'''
+'''www.spoken-tutorial.org'''.
 || To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with,
@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 '''Default lab setup''' window opens.
 |-
-||  Click on '''File''', click on''' Load Homework''' option.
+||  Click on '''File''', click on '''Load Homework''' option.
 Double-Click on '''Redox Folder.'''
 Double-Click on '''Redox Reaction Series.'''
-|| Click on '''File '''menu and select '''Load Homework''' option.
+|| Click on '''File''' menu and select '''Load Homework''' option.
 '''Default Lab Setup''' dialog box opens.
@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 Double-Click on '''Redox''' Folder.
-Then double-Click on '''Redox Reaction Series.'''
+Then double-Click on '''Redox Reaction Series'''.
 |-
 ||  Click on '''Problem Description'''.
@@ Line 172: / Line 172: @@
 Close the '''cabinets.'''
-|| Let us now demonstrate the reactivity of '''Magnesium '''metal.
+|| Let us now demonstrate the reactivity of '''Magnesium''' metal.
-From the '''Stockroom Explorer,''' click on '''Solids''' cabinet, double-click on''' Magnesium'''.
+From the '''Stockroom Explorer,''' click on '''Solids''' cabinet, double-click on ''' Magnesium'''.
-Click on''' Solutions''' cabinet, double-click on,
+Click on '''Solutions''' cabinet, double-click on,
 '''0.1 M Copper nitrate'''
@@ Line 214: / Line 214: @@
 Click on any bottle.
-Point to '''Solution info panel.'''
+Point to '''Solution Info panel.'''
 || Rename the flasks with corresponding metal symbols, '''Zn, Pb, Ag''' and '''Cu'''.
@@ Line 238: / Line 238: @@
-Type 50 in the '''Transfer amount input''' bar.
+Type 50 in the '''Transfer amount input bar'''.
@@ Line 260: / Line 260: @@
-Type 1 in the '''Transfer amount input''' bar.
+Type 1 in the '''Transfer amount input bar''' .
 Click on '''Pour'''.
@@ Line 280: / Line 280: @@
 Temperature increases on addition, then decreases.
-The reaction is '''exothermic'''.
+The reaction is '''Exothermic'''.
 |-
@@ Line 288: / Line 288: @@
 '''Magnesium''' ions are observed in the solution.
-This means that '''Magnesium''' has displaced '''copper  ions ''' from the solution.
+This means that '''Magnesium''' has displaced '''copper  ions''' from the solution.
 |-
@@ Line 339: / Line 339: @@
-Click on '''Solid '''radio button, observe that L'''ead''' is now found in the solution.
+Click on '''Solid '''radio button, observe that '''Lead''' is now found in the solution.
 || Click on the flask containing '''lead nitrate'''.
@@ Line 351: / Line 351: @@
 ||  Click on the flask containing '''silver nitrate'''.
-On the '''Solution info panel,''' concentration of '''silver''' ions is zero.
+On the '''Solution Info panel,''' concentration of '''silver''' ions is zero.
 '''Magnesium''' ions are now observed.
@@ Line 360: / Line 360: @@
-Observe '''Solution Info panel.'''
+Observe '''Solution Info panel'''.
@@ Line 410: / Line 410: @@
 Right-click on the flask.
-From the context menu, click on '''Rename''' option.
+From the '''context menu''', click on '''Rename''' option.
@@ Line 426: / Line 426: @@
 Click on '''Pour'''.
-|| As we did in the previous experiment, take 4 ''' Erlenmeyer flasks'''.
+|| As we did in the previous experiment, take 4 '''Erlenmeyer flasks'''.
@@ Line 438: / Line 438: @@
-Type 50 in the '''Transfer amount input''' bar.
+Type 50 in the '''Transfer amount input bar'''.
 Click on '''Pour'''.
@@ Line 445: / Line 445: @@
-Type 1 in the '''Transfer amount input''' bar.
+Type 1 in the '''Transfer amount input bar'''.
@@ Line 452: / Line 452: @@
-Type 1 in the '''Transfer amount input''' bar.
+Type 1 in the '''Transfer amount input bar'''.
 Click on '''Pour'''.
 |-
-||  Click on the flask containing '''copper nitrate.'''
+||  Click on the flask containing '''copper nitrate'''.
 On the '''Solution Info Panel''', concentration of '''copper''' ions is zero.
@@ Line 469: / Line 469: @@
-Observe that '''Copper''' is displaced by '''Zinc.'''
+Observe that '''Copper''' is displaced by '''Zinc'''.
 |-
 || Click on the flask containing '''Magnesium nitrate'''.
-On the '''Solution Info Panel''', concentration of Zinc ions is zero.
+On the '''Solution Info Panel''', concentration of '''Zinc''' ions is zero.
 Click on '''Solid''' radio button, observe that '''Magnesium''' is not displaced in this reaction.
@@ Line 493: / Line 493: @@
-On the '''Solution info panel''', concentration of '''Lead''' ions is zero.
+On the '''Solution Info panel''', concentration of '''Lead''' ions is zero.
@@ Line 501: / Line 501: @@
-Click on flask containing '''Silver nitrate.'''
+Click on flask containing '''Silver nitrate'''.
-On the '''Solution Info panel,''' concentration of Silver ions is zero.
+On the '''Solution Info panel''', concentration of Silver ions is zero.
@@ Line 526: / Line 526: @@
 A text box opens.
-In the box type '''Lead-rxn,'''
+In the box type '''Lead-rxn''',
-Point to the '''Stockroom Explorer'''
+Point to the '''Stockroom Explorer'''.
 || Similarly perform the experiments for '''Lead, Copper''' and '''Silver'''.