PoojaMoolya at 09:12, 6 February 2020

2020-02-06T09:12:21Z

Ashwini at 10:44, 31 January 2014

2014-01-31T10:44:24Z

Nancyvarkey at 17:16, 12 December 2013

2013-12-12T17:16:34Z

Ashwini: Created page with ''''Title of script''': Files in C & C++ '''Author: Ashwini Patil''' '''Keywords: File handling, fopen, fclose''' {| style="border-spacing:0;" ! Visual Cue !…'

2013-11-26T06:08:17Z

Created page with ''''Title of script''': Files in C & C++ '''Author: Ashwini Patil''' '''Keywords: File handling, fopen, fclose''' {| style="border-spacing:0;" ! <center>Visual Cue</center> !…'

New page

'''Title of script''': Files in C & C++

'''Author: Ashwini Patil'''

'''Keywords: File handling, fopen, fclose'''

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
! <center>Visual Cue</center>
! <center>Narration</center>

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 1
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on '''files''' in '''C.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 2
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this tutorial we will learn how,

To open a '''file.'''

To read data from a '''file.'''

To write data into a '''file.'''

Few examples.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 3
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To record this tutorial, I am using,

'''Ubuntu Operating System''' version 11.10,

'''gcc''' '''Compiler''' version 4.6.1 on Ubuntu.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 4
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us start with the introduction to the '''files'''.

'''File''' is a collection of data.

It can be a database, a program, a letter or anything.

We can create a '''file''' and access it using '''C'''.

Now let us see an example on '''file''' hadling in '''C'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point cursor to the filename

'''file.c'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I have a written program.

Let's take a look.

Note that our filename is '''file.c'''

In this program we will create a file and write data into it.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''<nowiki>#include <stdio.h></nowiki>'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me explain the code now

This is our '''header file'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''int main()'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This is our '''main function'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''FILE *fp;'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To define a '''file''' variable we use the type '''FILE'''.

The '''FILE''' '''variable''' is defined under the '''header stdio.h'''

'''<nowiki>*fp</nowiki>''' is a pointer to the '''FILE variable'''.

It will store all the information about the '''file'''.

Like its name, status and current information.

Let us go back to our slides.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 5

'''fp = fopen(“filename”, “mode”);'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now we will see the syntax to oepn a file.

Here, the '''fopen''' '''function''' opens a stream.

Then it links the '''file''' with the stream.

The filename is the name of the file that we want to open or create.

We can give the path along with the filename.

We can also give the extension.

Here we can give the mode of the file.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 6
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here, mode defines the following:

'''w''' - creates '''file''' for read and write.

'''r''' - opens '''file''' for reading.

'''a''' – writing at the end of '''file'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''fp = fopen(“Sample.txt”, “w”);'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now come back to our program.

Here, we create a '''Sample.txt''' '''file''' in write mode.

We can see that the path is given.

Our file will be created on the desktop.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''fprintf(fp,"This is just an example\n");'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Then we will write the statements into the '''file'''.

Welcome to the spoken-tutorial and

This is an test example

'''fprintf''' writes output to the given output stream.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''fclose(fp);'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''fclose''' closes the file associated with the stream.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlught

'''return 0;'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This is our '''return statement'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Save'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now Click on '''Save'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Type'''

Ctrl, Alt and T keys
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let us execute the program

Open the terminal window by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt''' and '''T''' keys simultaneously on you keyboard

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Type'''

'''gcc file.c -o file'''

Type

'''./file'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us compile type

'''gcc file.c -o file'''

to execute type

Press '''Enter'''

'''./file'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We see the '''file''' is executed.

Now we will check it out.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Click '''on home folder sign
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us open the home folder.

Click on the home folder option.

Now click on the Desktop option.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Search for '''Sample.txt''' file
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here is our '''sample.txt''' file.

This shows that our file is successfully created.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Double click''' on '''Sample.txt''' file
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let us open.

Double click on the file.

We can see the messages here.

Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial.

This is an test example.

This is how we create a file and write data into it.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| To''' read '''data from file
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now we will see how to read data from a '''file'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I have already made the program.

I will open it.

In this program we will read data from our '''sample.txt''' file and print the data on the console.

Let me explain the code now.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''<nowiki>#include <stdio.h></nowiki>'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This is our '''header file'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''int main()'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This is our '''main function'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''FILE *fp'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here, a '''file''' '''variable''' and a '''pointer''' to the '''file variable''' is defined.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''char c;'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Then we have declared a character variable '''c'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''fp = fopen("Sample.txt","r");'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here, we open the '''file''' '''Sample.txt''' in read mode.

The output is stored in '''fp'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''if (fp == NULL) '''

'''printf("File doesn't exist\n");'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Then we check the condition.

If '''fp''' is equals to NULL.

If the condition is true.

Then we print the message:

File doesn't exists.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''else '''

'''{ '''

'''while (c != EOF) '''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Else it will check for another condition.

While '''c''' is not equal to '''EOF'''.

Here,''' EOF''' is the end of file.

It denotes the end of input.

It is a condition where no more data can be read from a data source.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''c = getc(fp); '''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| If the condition is true.

Then,

It will display the characters from '''Sample.txt''' file on the console.

Here, '''getc '''returns a character from a specified file or stream.

Now it will return a character from''' Sample.txt '''file.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''putchar(c); '''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''putchar''' is used to display a character on the console.

Then it will store the characters in variable '''c'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''fclose(fp);'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here we close the file.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''return 0;'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| And this is our '''return statement'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Click on '''Save'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now click on '''Save'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us execute the program.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| On the terminal
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Come back to the terminal.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Type

'''gcc readfile.c -o read'''

Type

'''./read'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To compile type

'''gcc readfile.c -o read'''

'''Now press enter'''

To execute type

'''./read'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight

'''Output'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The output is displayed as:

Welcome to the Spoken-Tutorial.

This is an test example.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Come back to our slides.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 7
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us summarize.

In this tutorial we learned,

File handling.

To write data into a file.

eg. '''fp = fopen(“Sample.txt”, “w”);'''

To read data from a file.

eg. '''fp = fopen(“Sample.txt”, “r”);'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 8

Assignment
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| As an assignment,

Write a program to create a file '''TEST.'''

Write your name and address in the file '''TEST.'''

Then display it on the console using C program.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 9

http://spoken-tutorial.org /What\_is\_a\_Spoken\_Tutorial

About the Spoken Tutorial Project
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Watch the video available at the link shown below

It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 10

Spoken Tutorial Workshops
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass an online test

For more details, please write to

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 11

Acknowledgement
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project

It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India

More information on this Mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay

Thank You for joining

|}

@@ Line 139: / Line 139: @@
 '''"Welcome to the spoken-tutorial'''" and
-'''"This is an test example"'''
+'''"This is a test example"'''
 '''fprintf''' writes output to the given output stream.
@@ Line 217: / Line 217: @@
 Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial.
-This is an test example.
+This is a test example.
 This is how we create a file and write data into it.
@@ Line 367: / Line 367: @@
 '''Welcome to the Spoken-Tutorial.'''
-'''This is an test example.'''
+'''This is a test example.'''
 |-

@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 We can give the path along with the filename.
 We can also give the extension.
@@ Line 109: / Line 111: @@
 |-
 | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Slide 6
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us see the type of modes :
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us see the types of modes :
 '''w''' - creates '''file''' for read and write.
@@ Line 115: / Line 117: @@
 '''r''' - opens '''file''' for reading.
-'''a''' – writing at the end of '''file'''.
+'''a''' – writing at the end of the '''file'''.
 |-
@@ Line 151: / Line 153: @@
 '''return 0;'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This is our '''return statement'''.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"|And this is our '''return statement'''.
 |-
@@ Line 161: / Line 163: @@
 Ctrl, Alt and T keys
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let us execute the program.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us execute the program.
 Open the '''terminal window''' by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt''' and '''T''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard
@@ Line 175: / Line 177: @@
 | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To compile, type
-'''gcc file.c -o file'''
+'''gcc space file.c space -o space file'''
 Press '''Enter'''
@@ Line 349: / Line 351: @@
 | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To compile, type
-'''gcc readfile.c -o read'''
+'''gcc space readfile.c space -o space read'''
 Now press '''Enter'''
@@ Line 438: / Line 440: @@
 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
-More information on this Mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro
+More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below: http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro
 |-

C-and-C++/C4/File-Handling-In-C/English - Revision history

PoojaMoolya at 09:12, 6 February 2020

Ashwini at 10:44, 31 January 2014

Nancyvarkey at 17:16, 12 December 2013

Ashwini: Created page with ''''Title of script''': Files in C & C++ '''Author: Ashwini Patil''' '''Keywords: File handling, fopen, fclose''' {| style="border-spacing:0;" ! Visual Cue !…'