Kaushik Datta: Created page with "{| border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narration''' |- || '''Slide Number 1 '''Title Slide''' || Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Simulating a '''Plug Flow Reactor(PFR)''' in..."

2018-05-04T09:55:52Z

Created page with "{| border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narration''' |- || '''Slide Number 1 '''Title Slide''' || Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Simulating a '''Plug Flow Reactor(PFR)''' in..."

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{| border=1
||'''Visual Cue'''
||'''Narration'''

|-
|| '''Slide Number 1
'''Title Slide'''
|| Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Simulating a '''Plug Flow Reactor(PFR)''' in '''DWSIM'''.

|-
| '''Slide Number 2
'''Learning Objective'''
|| In this tutorial, we will learn to:

* Define a '''kinetic reaction'''
* Simulate a '''Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)'''
* Calculate '''Conversion''' and '''Residence time''' for a '''reaction''' in a '''PFR'''.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 3
'''System Requirements'''
|| To record this tutorial, I am using

* '''DWSIM 4.3''' and
* '''Windows 7'''

The process demonstrated in this tutorial is identical in other OS also, such as-

* '''Linux''',
* '''Mac OS X''' or
* '''FOSSEE OS''' on '''ARM'''.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 4'''

'''Pre-requisites '''
|| To practice this tutorial, you should know

* how to add components to a '''flowsheet'''
* how to select '''thermodynamic''' packages
* how to add '''material''' and '''energy''' streams and specify their properties.

|-
|| '''Slide:'''

'''Prerequisite Tutorials and Files'''
|| The prerequisite tutorials are mentioned on our website, '''spoken-tutorial.org'''

You can access these tutorials and all the associated files from this site.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 5 '''

'''Reaction, Inlet Condition''' and '''Package'''.

'''Reaction: '''

N2 + 3 H2 ⇌ 2 NH3

'''Inlet Stream:'''

Mass Flow: 3600 kg/h

Mole Fraction(N2): 0.5

Mole Fraction(H2): 0.5

Temperature: 425 degree C

Pressure: 200 bar

'''Property Package: '''Peng Robinson(PR)
|| We will develop a '''flowsheet '''to determine the '''exit composition''' from an Isothermal '''PFR.'''

Here we give '''reaction, property package''' and '''inlet stream conditions'''.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 6'''

'''Reactor Parameters''' and '''Reaction Kinetics'''

'''PFR Dimensions:'''

Volume: 1 m3, length: 1.5 m

'''Reaction rate:'''

r A = KCan

K = 0.004, n = 1
|| Next, we give '''Reactor Parameters''' and '''reaction kinetics'''.

|-
| | '''File''' >> '''New Steady-state Simulation '''

Point to '''Simulation Configuration Wizard''' window

Click on '''Next'''.
| | I have already opened '''DWSIM '''on my machine.

Go to '''File''' menu and select '''New Steady-state Simulation.'''

'''Simulation Configuration Wizard''' window appears.

At the bottom, click on '''Next.'''

|-
|| Type '''Nitrogen '''in the '''Search''' tab

'''ChemSep '''database >> '''Nitrogen'''

'''Type Hydrogen '''in the '''Search''' tab

Type '''Ammonia '''in the '''Search''' tab

Click on '''Next.'''
|| First, we will add the '''compounds.'''

In the '''Compounds Search''' tab, type '''Nitrogen.'''

Select '''Nitrogen '''from '''ChemSep '''database.

Similarly, add '''Hydrogen''' from '''ChemSep '''database.

Next, add '''Ammonia''' from '''ChemSep '''database.

Now, all the '''compounds''' are added.

Click on '''Next.'''

|-
|| Point to '''Property Packages'''

'''Property Packages''' >> '''Available Property Package'''

Double click on '''Peng-Robinson (PR)'''

'''Click on Next.'''
|| Now comes '''Property Packages.'''

From '''Available Property Packages''', double-click on '''Peng-Robinson (PR).'''

Then click on '''Next.'''

|-
|| Point to '''Flash Algorithm'''

'''Default Flash Algorithm '''>> '''Nested Loops (VLE)'''

Click '''Next'''
| | We are moved to '''Flash Algorithm'''.

From '''Default Flash Algorithm '''select '''Nested Loops(VLE)'''

Click on '''Next.'''

|-
| | Point to '''System of Units'''

'''System of Units >> C5'''

Click on''' Finish'''
| | Next option is '''System of Units.'''

So we select '''C5'''.

This has the desired system of units according to our problem statement.

Then click on '''Finish.'''

|-
||
|| Let us maximize the simulation window.

|-
|| Point to '''Object Palette'''

'''Go to Streams''' Section

Click and drag '''Material Stream''' to the flowsheet
| | Now let’s insert a '''feed stream '''that enters the '''PFR'''.

On the right hand side of main simulation window, go to '''Object Palette'''.

From '''Streams''' section, drag and drop a '''Material Stream''' to the '''Flowsheet'''.

|-
|| Click on '''MSTR-000'''
|| Click on '''Material Stream''' “'''MSTR-000”''' to view its properties.

|-
|| Type '''Feed'''
|| Let’s change the name of this '''stream '''to '''Feed.'''

|-
|| '''Input Data>> Flash Spec>> Temperature''' '''and Pressure(TP)'''
|| Now we will specify the '''Feed stream '''properties.

Under '''Input Data''', select '''Flash Spec''' as '''Temperature and Pressure (TP), '''if not already selected.

By default, '''Temperature and Pressure '''are already selected as '''Flash Spec.'''

So let’s not change it.

|-
|| '''Input Data >> Temperature >> 425 C'''

Press''' Enter'''
|| Change '''Temperature''' to '''425 degC''' and press '''Enter '''to accept the new value.

|-
|| '''Input Data >> Pressure >> 200 bar'''

Press''' Enter'''
|| Change '''Pressure''' to '''200''' '''bar''' and press '''Enter'''.

|-
|| '''Input Data >> Mass Flow >> 3600 kg/h'''

Press''' Enter'''
|| Change '''Mass Flow''' to '''3600 kg/h''' and press '''Enter'''.

|-
||
|| Now let us specify the '''feed stream compositions'''.

|-
|| '''Composition >> Basis >> Mole Fractions'''
|| Under '''Composition''', choose the '''Basis''' as '''Mole Fractions, '''if not already selected'''.'''

By default, '''Mole Fractions''' is already selected as '''Basis.'''

So, let’s not change it.

|-
|| '''Nitrogen: 0.5'''

'''Hydrogen: 0.5'''

'''Ammonia: 0'''
| | Now for '''Nitrogen''',''' '''enter the '''Amount''' as '''0.5 '''and press '''Enter.'''

Similarly, for '''Hydrogen, '''enter it as '''0.5 '''and press '''Enter.'''

For '''Ammonia, '''enter''' 0 '''and press '''Enter'''.

|-
|| Click '''Accept Changes'''
|| On the right, click on this green tick to '''Accept Changes.'''

|-
||
|| Now we will define the '''Kinetic Reaction.'''

|-
|| '''Tools >> Reactions Manager'''

Point to '''Chemical Reactions Manager'''
|| Under '''Tools''', click on '''Reactions Manager.'''

'''Chemical Reactions Manager '''window opens.

|-
|| '''Chemical Reactions >> Add Reaction'''
|| Under '''Chemical Reactions''' tab, click on the green coloured '''Add''' '''Reaction''' button.

|-
| | Click on '''Kinetic'''
|| Then click on '''Kinetic.'''

|-
|| Point to '''Add New Kinetic Reactions'''
|| '''Add New Kinetic Reactions''' window opens.

|-
| | Identification >> Name '''>> Ammonia Synthesis'''
|| First part is '''Identification'''.

Under '''Identification,''' enter the '''Name''' as '''Ammonia Synthesis.'''

|-
|| '''Description >> Irreversible reaction for synthesis of Ammonia from Nitrogen and Hydrogen'''
|| Next, enter the '''Description.'''

“'''Irreversible reaction for synthesis of Ammonia from Nitrogen and Hydrogen'''”

|-
| | Point to '''Components, Stoichiometry and Reaction Orders'''
| | Next part is a table of '''Components, Stoichiometry '''and '''Reaction Orders.'''

|-
|| Point to '''Name''' field
|| First column '''Name,''' shows the available components here.

|-
|| Point to '''Molar Weight'''
|| Second column corresponds to its '''Molar Weight.'''

|-
|| Point to '''Include'''
|| Next column is '''Include.'''

It indicates the components which will take part in the reaction.

Under '''Include''', check all the check boxes against all the '''components’ '''names.

|-
|| Point to '''BC'''

Check '''Nitrogen''' check box
|| Fourth column is '''BC.'''

It indicates the '''base component '''of the''' reaction.'''

Under '''BC''', check the '''Nitrogen''' check box as '''Nitrogen''' is the '''base component.'''

|-
|| Point to '''Stoich. Coeff'''

'''Stoich. Coeff >> Nitrogen: -1, Hydrogen: -3, Ammonia: 2'''
|| Next column is '''Stoich. Coeff. (stoichiometric coefficients)'''

Under '''Stoic Coeff''' column, enter:

'''-1''' for '''Nitrogen''',

'''-3''' for '''Hydrogen''',

and for '''Ammonia 2'''

Then press '''Enter.'''

'''Negative sign '''is to indicate the '''components '''as '''Reactants'''.

|-
|| Point to '''Stoichiometry '''field
|| In the '''Stoichiometry '''field, we can see it is showing '''OK'''.

So the reaction is balanced after entering the '''stoichiometric''' '''coefficients'''.

|-
|| Point to '''Equation '''field
|| Here''' '''the '''Equation '''field shows the '''reaction equation.'''

|-
|| Point to '''DO'''

'''DO >> Nitrogen: 1'''
|| Next column is '''DO,''' which indicates '''direct/forward''' reaction order.

We are considering the '''reaction''' to be '''First order''' with respect to '''Nitrogen'''.

So we will enter '''1''' in the '''DO''' column against '''Nitrogen.'''

And then press '''Enter.'''

|-
|| Point to '''RO'''
|| Next column is '''RO''' which indicates '''reverse reaction order'''.

Since we are considering an '''irreversible reaction''', we will not enter anything here.

|-
|| Point to '''Kinetic Reactions Parameters'''
|| Then comes '''Kinetic Reactions Parameters.'''

|-
|| '''Basis >> Molar Concentrations'''
|| Our rate is in terms of '''molar concentration'''.

So, we will select '''Basis''' as '''Molar Concentrations.'''

|-
|| '''Fase >> Vapor'''
|| Select '''Fase''' as '''Vapor.'''

|-
|| Point to '''Tmin''' and '''Tmax'''

|| Next is '''Tmin''' and '''Tmax'''.

It gives temperature range within which rate expression is assumed to be valid.

|-
|| '''Tmin (K) >> 700'''

'''Tmax (K) >> 2000'''
|| So, enter '''Tmin (K) '''as''' 500 '''and''' Tmax (K) '''as''' 2000.'''

|-
|| Point to '''Direct and Reverse Reactions Velocity Constant'''

'''Direct Reaction: A >> 0.004'''
|| Now go to '''Direct and''' '''Reverse Reactions Velocity Constant.'''

In '''Direct Reaction''', enter '''A''' as '''0.004'''

|-
|| '''Click OK'''

'''Close Chemical Reactions Manager''' window.
|| Click '''OK '''and close the '''Chemical Reactions Manager''' window.

|-
|| Go to '''Object Palette>>Unit Operations'''

Click and drag '''Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR)''' to the flowsheet

|| Now let us insert a '''Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR)''' into the '''flowsheet'''.

Go to Object Palette.

Under '''Unit Operations''', click on '''Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR)'''

Click on it and drag it to the '''flowsheet. '''

Let us now arrange it as required.

|-
|| Click and drag '''Material Stream''' to the flowsheet
|| We will insert one '''Output Stream'''.

To do so, drag one '''Material Stream.'''

Let us once again arrange it.

As this is an '''output stream''', we will leave it unspecified.

|-
|| Type '''Product'''
|| We will change the name of this '''stream '''to '''Product.'''

|-
| | Click and drag '''Energy Stream''' to the flowsheet
| | Next, we will insert one '''Energy Stream.'''

|-
|| '''Type Energy.'''
|| And name this '''stream '''as '''Energy.'''

|-
||Click '''Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR)'''
|| We are now ready to specify the '''Plug-Flow Reactor.'''

Click on it.

On the left, we can see a '''tab '''displaying properties related to the '''PFR.'''

This tab is called '''Property Editor Window.'''

|-
|| Go to '''Connections'''

Click on drop down arrow against '''Inlet Stream'''

Select''' Feed.'''
|| Under '''Connections, '''click on the drop-down against '''Inlet Stream.'''

And select '''Feed.'''

|-
||Click on drop down arrow against '''Outlet Stream'''

Select''' Product.'''
|| Next, click on the drop-down against '''Outlet Stream '''and select '''Product.'''

|-
||Click on the drop down against '''Energy Stream'''

Select''' Energy.'''
|| Then click on the drop-down against '''Energy Stream '''and select '''Energy.'''

|-
|| Hover mouse at '''Calculation Parameters'''
|| Now go to the next section, '''Calculation Parameters.'''

|-
|| '''Reaction Set''' >> '''Default Set'''
|| Here, the first option is '''Reaction Set.'''

By default, it is '''Default Set'''.

Since we have only one '''reaction''', we leave it as it is.

|-
|| Click drop down against '''Calculation Mode'''

Select '''Isothermic'''
|| Next, click on the drop-down against''' Calculation Mode.'''

Select '''Isothermic.'''

|-
|| '''Reactor Volume''' >> 1''' m3'''

Press '''Enter'''
|| Then click on the field against '''Reactor Volume''' and enter 1''' m3.'''

Then press '''Enter.'''

|-
|| '''Reactor Length''' >> '''1.5 m'''

Press '''Enter'''
| Click on the field against '''Reactor length''' and enter it as '''1.5 m.'''

Then press '''Enter.'''

|-
||
|| Now we will run the '''simulation.'''

|-
|| '''Click Solve Flowsheet'''
|| So, from the toolbar click on '''Solve Flowsheet''' button.

|-
|| Click '''Plug-Flow Reactor'''
|| When the calculations are completed, click on '''PFR''' in the Flowsheet.

|-
|| '''Hover mouse at Results'''
|| From the '''Property Editor Window''' of '''PFR''' locate '''Results''' section.

|-
|| '''Results >> General'''
|| Under '''General''' tab, check '''Residence time.'''

It is '''0.013 h.'''

|-
|| '''Results >> Conversions'''
|| Under '''Conversions''' tab, check conversion for both the '''reacting compounds.'''

For '''Nitrogen,''' the conversion is '''17.91%''' and for '''Hydrogen,''' it is '''53.73%.'''

|-
|| '''Insert >> Master Property Table'''
|| Now we will check the material balances.

Go to '''Insert''' menu and select '''Master Property Table'''.

|-
|| '''Double click on Master Property Table'''

Point to '''Configure Master Property Table'''
|| Double click on the '''Master Property Table '''to edit it.

'''Configure Master Property Table''' window opens.

|-
|| Type '''Results - Plug Flow Reactor'''
|| Enter''' Name''' as '''Results - Plug Flow Reactor'''

|-
|| '''Type Material Stream'''
|| Enter '''Object Type''' as '''Material Stream'''.

By default, '''Material Stream''' is already selected.

So we will not change it.

|-
|| '''Object >> Feed''' and '''Product'''
|| Under '''Properties to display''', select '''Object '''as '''Feed''' and '''Product.'''

|-
|| '''Configure Master Property Table>> Property'''
|| Under '''Property''', scroll down to see all the parameters.

Now select the properties as:

'''Temperature'''

'''Pressure'''

'''Mass Flow'''

'''Molar Flow'''

'''Vapor Phase Volumetric Fraction'''

'''Molar Flow (Mixture) / Nitrogen'''

'''Mass Flow (Mixture) / Nitrogen'''

'''Molar Flow (Mixture) / Hydrogen'''

'''Mass Flow (Mixture) / Hydrogen'''

'''Molar Flow (Mixture) / Ammonia'''

'''Mass Flow (Mixture) / Ammonia'''

|-
||
|| Close this window.

Move the '''Master Property Table '''for better visibility.

Here we can see the corresponding results for '''Product''' and''' Feed.'''

|-
||
|| Let us summarize.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 7'''

'''Summary'''
|| In this tutorial, we have learnt to

* Define a '''kinetic reaction'''
* Simulate a '''Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR)'''
* Calculate '''Conversion''' and '''Residence time''' for a '''reaction''' in a '''PFR'''

|-
|| '''Slide Number 8'''

'''Assignment'''

'''Compounds: '''

Ethylene oxide, Water & Ethylene glycol

C2H4O + H2O ⇌ C2H6O2

'''Property Package: '''Raoult's Law

'''Inlet stream:'''

Mass Flow: 1000kg/h

Mole Fraction(C2H4O): 0.2

Mole Fraction(H2O): 0.8

Temperature: 55 degree C

Pressure: 1 bar

'''PFR Dimensions: '''

Volume: 1 m3, Length: 1.2 m

'''Reaction rate:

r A = KCan, K = 0.005 1/s, n = 1
|| As an assignment,

Repeat this simulation with different '''compounds''' and '''thermodynamics'''.

Different '''feed conditions '''

Different '''PFR dimensions''' and '''reaction kinetics '''

|-
|| '''Slide Number 9'''

'''About the Spoken Tutorial Project'''
|| Watch the video available at following link.

'''http://spoken-tutorial.org/ '''

It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 10'''

'''Spoken Tutorial Workshops'''
|| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team

* Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
* Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
* For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org

|-
| | '''Slide Number 11'''

'''Forum Slide'''

Do you have questions in this '''Spoken Tutorial?'''

Please visit this site

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

Someone from the FOSSEE team will answer them.
|| Please post your times queries in this forum.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 12
'''TextBook Companion Project'''
|| The '''FOSSEE''' team coordinates coding of solved examples of popular books.

We give honorarium and certificates for those who do this.

For more details, please visit this site.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 13
'''Lab Migration Project'''
|| The '''FOSSEE''' team helps migrate commercial simulator labs to '''DWSIM.'''

We give honorarium and certificates for those who do this.

For more details, please visit this site

|-
|| '''Slide Number 14
'''DWSIM Flowsheeting Project'''
|| The '''FOSSEE''' team coordinates conversion of existing flow sheets into '''DWSIM'''.

We give honorarium and certificates for those who do this.

For more details, please visit this site.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 15
'''Acknowledgements'''
|| '''Spoken Tutorial''' and '''FOSSEE''' projects are funded by '''NMEICT, MHRD''', Government of India.

|-
|| '''Slide Number 16
'''Thanks'''
|| This tutorial is contributed by Kaushik Datta and Priyam Nayak.

Thanks for joining.

|}

Beta-Foss-1/C4/Beta-Foss-1-Tut-8/English - Revision history

Kaushik Datta: Created page with "{| border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narration''' |- || '''Slide Number 1 '''Title Slide''' || Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Simulating a '''Plug Flow Reactor(PFR)''' in..."