BASH/C3/More-on-functions/English-timed - Revision history

Pratik kamble at 11:39, 23 March 2017

2017-03-23T11:39:37Z

Pratik kamble at 10:13, 7 March 2017

2017-03-07T10:13:57Z

Pratik kamble at 10:13, 7 March 2017

2017-03-07T10:13:31Z

Sandhya.np14 at 05:30, 14 July 2015

2015-07-14T05:30:56Z

Sandhya.np14 at 05:29, 14 July 2015

2015-07-14T05:29:16Z

Sandhya.np14 at 06:43, 6 July 2015

2015-07-06T06:43:20Z

Sandhya.np14 at 06:19, 6 July 2015

2015-07-06T06:19:41Z

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Pratik kamble: Created page with " {|border=1 |'''Time''' |'''Narration''' |- | 00:01 |Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''More on functions ''' |- | 00:06 | In this tutorial, we will learn |- |00:09 |To..."

2014-11-20T06:45:15Z

Created page with " {|border=1 |'''Time''' |'''Narration''' |- | 00:01 |Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''More on functions ''' |- | 00:06 | In this tutorial, we will learn |- |00:09 |To..."

New page

{|border=1
|'''Time'''
|'''Narration'''

|-
| 00:01
|Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''More on functions '''

|-
| 00:06
| In this tutorial, we will learn

|-
|00:09
|To pass an '''argument''' to a '''function '''

|-
|00:11
|Define '''local variable''' within a '''function''' and

|-
| 00:16
|Define '''global variable''' in a '''function'''

|-
| 00:19
|With the help of some examples

|-
| 00:23
| To follow this tutorial you should have knowledge of '''Shell Scripting''' in''' BASH.'''

|-
| 00:28
|If not, for relevant tutorials please visit our website which is as shown,'''(http://www.spoken-tutorial.org)'''

|-
| 00:35
| For this tutorial I am using''' '''

|-
|00:37
|'''Ubuntu Linux''' 12.04''' '''Operating System

|-
|00:42
|'''GNU BASH''' version 4.2

|-
| 00:45
|Please note,''' GNU Bash''' '''version 4''' or above is recommended to practice this tutorial.

|-
| 00:52
| Let us first learn how to pass an '''argument''' to a '''function,''' and its usage.

|-
| 00:59
| Let me open a file ''''function_(underscore) parameters.sh''''

|-
|01:05
| This is the '''shebang line.'''

|-
|01:08
| Our '''function name''' is '''say_(underscore)welcome'''

|-
| 01:13
|Open curly bracket opens the '''function definition.'''

|-
|01:18
| '''$(Dollar)1 '''is the first '''positional parameter'''

|-
| 01:22
|'''$(Dollar)2 '''is the second '''postional parameter'''

|-
|01:26
| Close curly bracket closes the''' function definition.'''

|-
|01:30
| Here, the function ''''say_welcome'''' is called with '''arguments'''.

|-
|01:35
|The syntax is, '''function name''' i.e. '''say welcome ''' '''...'''followed by the '''arguments '''within double quotes, i.e. '''Bash''' and '''learning.'''

|-
|01:49
| In a similar manner, I will call the same '''function''' with a different set of '''arguments. '''So, I have'''say_welcome space''' within double quote '''functions in''' space and within double quote '''Bash'''.

|-
| 02:05
| Save the file and go to the terminal.

|-
| 02:08
| Type '''chmod space plus x space function underscore parameters dot sh'''

|-
|02:17
|Press '''Enter.'''

|-
| 02:19
| Type '''dot slash function underscore parameters dot sh'''

|-
| 02:26
|Press''' Enter.'''

|-
|02:28
| We see that the positional '''parameters''' were substituted by the '''arguments''' passed to a '''function'''.

|-
|02:36
| '''Dollar 1($1) '''was substituted by the string''' Bash''' and '''Dollar 2($2) '''with''' learning.'''

|-
|02:45
| Then again, '''Dollar 1($1) '''was substituted by''' functions in''' and '''Dollar 2($2) ''' with '''Bash.'''

|-
|02:55
| In '''Bash''', '''variables''' can be declared as '''local variables''' and '''global variables.'''

|-
|03:01
| '''Local variable''':

|-
|03:03
| It's value will be valid within the '''function''' in which it is defined.

|-
|03:10
| '''Local variables''' are declared using keyword '''local'''

|-
|03:15
| '''Global variable'''

|-
|03:17
| The value of a '''global variable''' can be accessed throughout a '''Bash '''script.

|-
| 03:24
| Let us learn these 2 ways to declare a '''variable''' within a '''function.'''

|-
| 03:29
| Let me open a file named '''function_(undescore)local.sh''''

|-
|03:35
| This is the''' shebang line.'''

|-
| 03:39
| Function name is '''say_(underscore) hello'''

|-
|03:43
| Here, '''variable''' '''first_name '''is declared with '''keyword''' '''local.'''

|-
|03:49
|Which means, its value will be valid within the function '''say_hello '''only.

|-
| 03:55
| A '''variable '''declared without any keyword,is treated as a '''global variable'''.

|-
|04:01
|So, the '''variable last_name '''can be accessed throughout the script.

|-
| 04:08
| In this '''echo '''line, we will display the value of variables

|-
|04:12
|'''first_name, '''

|-
|04:14
|'''middle_name '''

|-
|04:15
|And '''last_name'''

|-
|04:17
|After this, we close the '''function.'''

|-
| 04:21
| Now, here the variable '''middle_name ''' is declared without keyword. So, its value will be '''global ''' throughout the script.

|-
| 04:30
| Once again, we will call the '''function '''here.

|-
| 04:34
| We pass two '''arguments''' to this''' function call''', namely, '''“Pratik” '''and''' “Patil”.'''

|-
| 04:41
| These '''echo statements''' will display the value of variables

|-
|04:45
| '''$first_name, '''

|-
|04:46
| '''$middle_name '''and '''$last_name'''

|-
| 04:51
| Please keep in mind that '''variable first_name '''is a '''local variable.'''

|-
| 04:57
| Save the file and go to the '''terminal.'''

|-
| 05:00
| Type '''chmod space plus x space function underscore local dot sh'''

|-
|05:09
|Press '''Enter.'''

|-
| 05:11
| Type '''dot slash function underscore local dot sh'''

|-
|05:16
|Press '''Enter.'''

|-
|-
|05:18
| The first line of output displays the message '''Hello Pratik K Patil.'''

|-
|05:25
| Here, the variable '''first_name '''that contains value '''Pratik''' is '''local'''.

|-
|05:31
| Which means the value is limited to the '''function'''.

|-
| 05:35
| Now, let us see how the '''local variable''' behaves outside the '''function'''.

|-
| 05:41
| Here, nothing is displayed in '''first_name.'''

|-
|05:44
| This is because the value of '''first_name''' is''' local''' to the '''function'''. And it is not available outside the '''function'''.

|-
|05:53
| '''middle_name '''and''' last_name '''are printed as they are '''global''' '''variables.'''

|-
| 05:59
| Hope the difference is clear to you.

|-
|06:02
|Let us now summarise.

|-
| 06:04
| In this tutorial, we learnt

|-
|06:07
|To pass '''arguments''' to a''' function '''.To declare '''Local variable '''in a '''function'''

|-
|06:14
|To declare '''Global variable '''in a '''function'''. with the help of a few examples

|-
|06:20
| As an assignment.

|-
|06:22
|Write a program,

|-
|06:23
| Where the '''function''' accepts two '''arguments'''. The '''function''' should multiply the two '''arguments'''.

|-
|06:31
| Make 3 '''function calls''' with '''arguments''' (1, 2), (2, 3) and (3, 4)

|-
| 06:39
| Watch the video available at the link shown below.

|-
| 06:43
| It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.

|-
| 06:51
| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team.Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials. Gives certificates to those who pass an online test

|-
| 07:00
| For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org

|-
| 07:07
| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.

|-
|07:11
|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.More information on this Mission is available at http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro

|-
| 07:26
| The script has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken-Tutorial teams.

|-
|07:31
|This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off.Thank you for joining.

|}

@@ Line 194: / Line 194: @@
 |-
 |04:14
-|'''middle_name '''
+|'''middle_name ''' and '''last_name'''.
-−
-|-
-|04:15
-|and '''last_name'''.
 |-

@@ Line 222: / Line 222: @@
 |-
 |04:45
-| '''$first_name, '''
+| '''$first_name, ''''''$middle_name '''and '''$last_name'''.
-−
-|-
-|04:46
-| '''$middle_name '''and '''$last_name'''.
 |-
@@ Line 253: / Line 249: @@
 |-
 |05:18
 | The first line of output displays the message '''"Hello Pratik K Patil".'''
@@ Line 295: / Line 290: @@
 |-
 |06:07
-|* To pass '''arguments''' to a''' function''';
+|To pass '''arguments''' to a''' function''';
-* To declare '''local variable '''in a '''function''';
+To declare '''local variable '''in a '''function''';
 |-
 |06:14
-|* To declare '''global variable '''in a '''function''' with the help of a few examples.
+|To declare '''global variable '''in a '''function''' with the help of a few examples.
 |-
@@ Line 308: / Line 303: @@
 |-
 |06:22
-|write a program
+|write a program where the '''function''' accepts two '''arguments'''. The '''function''' should multiply the two '''arguments'''.
-−
-|-
-|06:23
-| where the '''function''' accepts two '''arguments'''. The '''function''' should multiply the two '''arguments'''.
 |-
@@ Line 329: / Line 320: @@
 | 06:51
 | The Spoken Tutorial Project team:
-* Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials;
+Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials;
-* Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
+Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
 |-

@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 |-
 |01:49
-| In a similar manner, I will '''call''' the same '''function''' with a different set of '''arguments'''. So, I have'''say_welcome''' space within double quotes '''functions in''' space  within double quotes '''Bash'''.
+| In a similar manner, I will '''call''' the same '''function''' with a different set of '''arguments'''. So, I have''' say_welcome''' space within double quotes '''functions in''' space  within double quotes '''Bash'''.
 |-

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 |-
 |00:09
-|* To pass an '''argument''' to a '''function''';
+| To pass an '''argument''' to a '''function''';
 |-
 |00:11
-|* To define '''local variable''' within a '''function''' and
+| To define '''local variable''' within a '''function''' and
 |-
 | 00:16
-|* To define '''global variable''' in a '''function'''
+| To define '''global variable''' in a '''function'''
 |-
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 |-
 |00:37
-|* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 12.04 '''Operating System'''
+| '''Ubuntu Linux''' 12.04 '''Operating System'''
 |-
 |00:42
-|* '''GNU BASH''' version 4.2.
+| '''GNU BASH''' version 4.2.
 |-
@@ Line 138: / Line 138: @@
 |-
 |03:03
-|* Its value will be valid within the '''function''' in which it is defined.
+|Its value will be valid within the '''function''' in which it is defined.
 |-
 |03:10
-|* '''Local variables''' are declared using keyword '''local'''.
+| '''Local variables''' are declared using keyword '''local'''.
 |-

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 |-
 | 00:28
-|If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website which is as shown: '''(http://www.spoken-tutorial.org)'''
+|If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website which is as shown: (http://www.spoken-tutorial.org)
 |-
@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 |-
 |01:18
-| '''$(Dollar)1 '''is the first '''positional parameter'''.
+| '$1' '''(Dollar one)''' is the first '''positional parameter'''.
 |-
 | 01:22
-|'''$(Dollar)2 '''is the second '''positional parameter'''.
+|'$2' '''(Dollar two)''' is the second '''positional parameter'''.
 |-
 |01:26
-| Close curly bracket closes the''' function''' definition.
+| Close curly bracket closes the''' function definition'''.
 |-
@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 |-
 |01:49
-| In a similar manner, I will '''call''' the same '''function''' with a different set of '''arguments'''. So, I have'''say_welcome''' space within double quotes '''functions in''' space and within double quotes '''Bash'''.
+| In a similar manner, I will '''call''' the same '''function''' with a different set of '''arguments'''. So, I have'''say_welcome''' space within double quotes '''functions in''' space  within double quotes '''Bash'''.
 |-
@@ Line 118: / Line 118: @@
 |-
 |02:28
-| We see that the positional '''parameters''' were substituted by the '''arguments''' passed to a '''function'''.
+| We see that the '''positional parameters''' were substituted by the '''arguments''' passed to a '''function'''.
 |-
 |02:36
-| Dollar 1($1) was substituted by the '''string''' "Bash" and Dollar 2($2) with "learning".
+| Dollar 1 ($1) was substituted by the '''string''' "Bash" and Dollar 2 ($2) with "learning".
 |-
 |02:45
-| Then again, Dollar 1($1) was substituted by "functions in" and Dollar 2($2) with "Bash".
+| Then again, Dollar 1 ($1) was substituted by "functions in" and Dollar 2 ($2) with "Bash".
 |-
@@ Line 138: / Line 138: @@
 |-
 |03:03
-| Its value will be valid within the '''function''' in which it is defined.
+|* Its value will be valid within the '''function''' in which it is defined.
 |-
 |03:10
-| '''Local variables''' are declared using keyword '''local'''.
+|* '''Local variables''' are declared using keyword '''local'''.
 |-
@@ Line 158: / Line 158: @@
 |-
 | 03:29
-| Let me open a file named '''function_(underscore)local.sh''''.
+| Let me open a file named''' 'function_(underscore)local.sh''''.
 |-
@@ Line 182: / Line 182: @@
 |-
 |04:01
-|So, the '''variable last_name '''can be accessed throughout the '''script'''.
+|So, the variable '''last_name '''can be accessed throughout the '''script'''.
 |-
@@ Line 206: / Line 206: @@
 |-
 | 04:21
-| Now, here the variable '''middle_name ''' is declared without keyword. So, its value will be '''global ''' throughout the script.
+| Now, here, the variable '''middle_name ''' is declared without keyword. So, its value will be '''global ''' throughout the script.
 |-
 | 04:30
-| Once again, we will '''call''' the '''function '''here.
+| Once again, we  '''call''' the '''function '''here.
 |-
 | 04:34
-| We pass two '''arguments''' to this''' function call''', namely- “Pratik” and  “Patil”.
+| We pass two '''arguments''' to this''' function call''' namely- “Pratik” and  “Patil”.
 |-
 | 04:41
-| These '''echo statements''' will display the value of '''variables'''
+| These '''echo''' statements will display the value of '''variables'''-
 |-
@@ Line 230: / Line 230: @@
 |-
 | 04:51
-| Please keep in mind that '''variable first_name '''is a '''local variable.'''
+| Please keep in mind that variable '''first_name '''is a '''local variable.'''
 |-
@@ Line 255: / Line 255: @@
 |-
 |05:18
-| The first line of output displays the message '''Hello Pratik K Patil.'''
+| The first line of output displays the message '''"Hello Pratik K Patil".'''
 |-
@@ Line 295: / Line 295: @@
 |-
 |06:07
-|* To pass '''arguments''' to a''' function ''';
+|* To pass '''arguments''' to a''' function''';
-* To declare '''Local variable '''in a '''function''';
+* To declare '''local variable '''in a '''function''';
 |-
 |06:14
-|* To declare '''Global variable '''in a '''function''' with the help of a few examples.
+|* To declare '''global variable '''in a '''function''' with the help of a few examples.
 |-
@@ Line 342: / Line 342: @@
 |-
 |07:11
-|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this Mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro
+|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro
 |-

@@ Line 259: / Line 259: @@
 |-
 |05:25
-| Here, the variable '''first_name '''that contains value '''Pratik''' is '''local'''.
+| Here, the variable '''first_name '''that contains value "Pratik" is '''local'''
 |-
 |05:31
-| Which means the value is limited to the '''function'''.
+| which means the value is limited to the '''function'''.
 |-
@@ Line 279: / Line 279: @@
 |-
 |05:53
-| '''middle_name '''and''' last_name '''are printed as they are '''global''' '''variables.'''
+| '''middle_name '''and''' last_name '''are printed as they are '''global variables.'''
 |-
@@ Line 287: / Line 287: @@
 |-
 |06:02
-|Let us now summarise.
+|Let us now summarize.
 |-
 | 06:04
-| In this tutorial, we learnt
+| In this tutorial, we learned:
 |-
 |06:07
-|To pass '''arguments''' to a''' function '''.To declare '''Local variable '''in a '''function'''
+|* To pass '''arguments''' to a''' function ''';
 |-
 |06:14
-|To declare '''Global variable '''in a '''function'''. with the help of a few examples
+|* To declare '''Global variable '''in a '''function''' with the help of a few examples.
 |-
 |06:20
-| As an assignment.
+| As an assignment-
 |-
 |06:22
-|Write a program,
+|write a program
 |-
 |06:23
-| Where the '''function''' accepts two '''arguments'''. The '''function''' should multiply the two '''arguments'''.
+| where the '''function''' accepts two '''arguments'''. The '''function''' should multiply the two '''arguments'''.
 |-
 |06:31
-| Make 3 '''function calls''' with '''arguments''' (1, 2), (2, 3) and (3, 4)
+| Make 3 '''function calls''' with '''arguments''' (1, 2), (2, 3) and (3, 4).
 |-
@@ Line 323: / Line 324: @@
 |-
 | 06:43
-| It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
+| It summarizes the Spoken-Tutorial project. If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
 |-
 | 06:51
-| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team.Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials. Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
+| The Spoken Tutorial Project team:
 |-
@@ Line 335: / Line 338: @@
 |-
 | 07:07
-| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
+| '''Spoken Tutorial''' project is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project.
 |-
 |07:11
-|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.More information on this Mission is available at http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro
+|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this Mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro
 |-
@@ Line 347: / Line 350: @@
 |-
 |07:31
-|This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off.Thank you for joining.
+|This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay, signing off. Thank you for joining.
 |}