BASH/C3/Here-document-and-Here-string/English-timed - Revision history

Pratik kamble at 11:54, 23 March 2017

2017-03-23T11:54:08Z

Pratik kamble at 11:52, 23 March 2017

2017-03-23T11:52:15Z

Pratik kamble at 10:41, 7 March 2017

2017-03-07T10:41:22Z

Sandhya.np14 at 06:18, 15 July 2015

2015-07-15T06:18:46Z

Sandhya.np14 at 03:28, 7 July 2015

2015-07-07T03:28:42Z

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PoojaMoolya at 05:17, 18 December 2014

2014-12-18T05:17:27Z

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Gaurav: Created page with " {| border = 1 | '''Visual Cue''' | '''Narration''' |- | 00.01 | Dear friends, Welcome to the spoken tutorial on''' HERE document and strings''' |- | 00.08 | In this t..."

2014-11-20T11:32:10Z

Created page with " {| border = 1 | '''Visual Cue''' | '''Narration''' |- | 00.01 | Dear friends, Welcome to the spoken tutorial on''' HERE document and strings''' |- | 00.08 | In this t..."

New page

{| border = 1
| '''Visual Cue'''
| '''Narration'''

|-
| 00.01
| Dear friends, Welcome to the spoken tutorial on''' HERE document and strings'''

|-
| 00.08
| In this tutorial, we will learn about

|-
| 00.11
| * special-purpose redirection called '''Here documents '''and '''Here strings'''

|-
| 00.17
| * With the help of some examples

|-
| 00.20
| To follow this tutorial you should have knowledge of '''Shell Scripting''' in''' BASH.'''

|-
| 00.26
|If not, for relevant tutorials please visit our website which is as shown,'''(http://www.spoken-tutorial.org)'''

|-
| 00.32
| For this tutorial I am using''' '''

|-
| 00.34
|* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 12.04''' '''Operating System

|-
| 00.39
|* '''GNU BASH''' version 4.2

|-
| 00.42
|Please note,''' GNU Bash''' '''version 4''' or above is recommended for practice.

|-
| 00.49
| Let us learn about '''Here document'''.

|-
| 00.52
|* It is a special-purpose block of text or code.

|-
| 00.56
|* It is a form of I/O redirect.

|-
| 01.00
|* It feeds a command list to an interactive program or command line.

|-
| 01.06
|* It can be treated as a separate file.

|-
| 01.10
|* It can also be treated as multiple line input redirected to a shell script.

|-
| 01.17
| Syntax is,

|-
| 01.18
|'''command space less than less than space HERE'''.

|-
| 01.24
|After this on the next line, we can give the text inputs.

|-
| 01.29
|It can consist of any number of lines.

|-
| 01.33
|Here, '''text1, text2, textN''' are the text inputs.

|-
| 01.40
|After the text inputs, on the next line, we type the keyword '''HERE '''again.

|-
| 01.46
|It denotes the closing of '''HERE document.'''

|-
| 01.50
| Let us understand this with an example.

|-
| 01.53
|I will open a file named '''here dot sh '''

|-
| 01.59
| The first line of code is the '''shebang line.'''

|-
| 02.04
| Let me put a block of code after this line.

|-
| 02.09
| wc represents word count

|-
| 02.12
| '''wc hyphen w counts the number of words in the '''HERE''' document

|-
| 02.20
|The block of code or text until the second occurance of '''HERE''' will be treated as a file

|-
| 02.28
|The content present in '''HERE''' document is an input to the command '''wc hyphen w'''

|-
| 02.36
| '''HERE''' acts as a delimiter for '''wc hyphen w''' command while reading multi-line input.

|-
| 02.47
|If we try to execute the same command in the '''terminal''', we should get ''''4'''' as an output.

|-
| 02.55
|This is because we have passed four words to the command ''''wc hyphen w''''.

|-
| 03.03
|Now click on '''Save''' to save the file.

|-
| 03.06
| Let us switch to the '''Terminal''' using '''Ctrl, Alt''' and '''T''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard.

|-
|03.15
| Type: '''chmod space plus x space here dot sh'''

|-
| 03.22
|Press '''Enter.'''

|-
| 03.24
|Type '''dot slash here dot sh'''

|-
| 03.27
|Press '''Enter.'''

|-
| 03.30
| We can see the output as '''4.'''

|-
| 03.33
|That is, number of words in '''Here document '''is '''4.'''

|-
| 03.38
| Come back to the program.

|-
| 03.41
|Let us add two more words here at the beginning of the text.

|-
| 03.47
|'''Hello and welcome to Bash learning'''

|-
| 03.52
| Click on''' Save.'''

|-
| 03.54
|Let us execute the program again.

|-
| 03.57
| On the '''terminal, type '''dot slash here dot sh'''

|-
| 04.04
|Press '''Enter.'''

|-
| 04.06
| Now the output is '''6 '''because we added two more words to our text.

|-
| 04.13
| We can also pass an argument to the '''Here document.'''

|-
| 04.18
| Let us see how to do this with an example.

|-
| 04.22
|Let me open a file named '''hereoutput dot sh'''

|-
| 04.28
| The command '''cat''' will concatenate files and print the standard output.

|-
| 04.35
| Note that we have used the string '''this''' instead of '''HERE.'''

|-
| 04.41
|It’s not necessary that you always have to use the delimiter '''HERE'''.

|-
| 04.47
|You can use any other delimiter also.

|-
| 04.51
| This line will display the '''0th (zeroeth) argument'''.

|-
| 04.55
|The '''0th (zeroeth) argument''', by default, is the '''filename'''.

|-
| 05.00
| This line will display the '''1st argument''' passed to the program.

|-
| 05.05
| And this line will display the '''2nd argument''' passed to the program.

|-
| 05.09
| Here we have to close the document using the same delimiter, '''this.'''

|-
| 05.17
| Save the file.

|-
| 05.18
| Let us now execute the program.

|-
| 05.21
|On the '''terminal''' type: '''chmod space plus x space hereoutput dot sh'''

|-
| 05.29
|Press '''Enter'''

|-
| 05.32
|Type '''dot slash hereoutput dot sh space Sunday space Monday'''

|-
| 05.40
| The output is dispalyed as:

|-
| 05.43
|'''0'th argument is: dot salsh hereoutput dot sh ''' which is the '''filename.'''

|-
| 05.49
|'''1st argument is: Sunday'''

|-
| 05.51
|'''2nd argument is: Monday '''

|-
| 05.55
| Let us learn about '''Here string''' now.

|-
| 05.59
|* '''Here string '''is used for input redirection from text or a variable.

|-
| 06.06
|* The input is mentioned in the same line within single quotes.

|-
| 06.12
| The syntax is, '''command space three less than symbols space''' within single quotes write '''string'''
|-
| 06.22
| Let us understand this with an example.

|-
| 06.25
|I will open the same file '''here dot sh'''

|-
| 06.30
| Here at the end, I will type: '''wc space hyphen w three less than symbols space''' within single quotes '''Welcome to Bash learning'''

|-
| 06.44
|This will redirect the string within quotes to the command '''wc hyphen w.'''

|-
| 06.52
|Now Click on '''Save '''to save the changes.

|-
| 06.55
| We will switch to the '''Terminal.'''

|-
| 06.58
| Now type: '''dot slash here dot sh'''

|-
| 07.03
| We can see the output as '''6''' and '''4'''

|-
| 07.08
|Number of words in '''here document''' is '''6''' and number of words in '''here string''' is''' 4.'''

|-
| 07.15
| Likewise, you can write your own '''Here strings.'''

|-
| 07.20
| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

|-
| 07.23
|Let us summarise.

|-
| 07.25
|In this tutorial we learnt about

|-
| 07.27
|* '''HERE document'''

|-
| 07.29
|* '''HERE string'''

|-
| 07.31
| As an assignment, convert a string to uppercase using:

|-
| 07.36
|* '''Here document'''

|-
| 07.37
|* '''Here string'''

|-
| 07.39
|Hint:''' tr space a hyphen z space capital A hyphen capital Z'''.

|-
| 07.47
|This is the command to convert characters from lower to upper case.

|-
| 07.54
| Watch the video available at the link shown below.

|-
| 07.57
|It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

|-
| 08.01
|If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.

|-
| 08.06
| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

|-
| 08.12
| Gives certificates to those who pass an online test

|-
| 08.17
|For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org

|-
| 08.25
| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.

|-
| 08.29
|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| 08.38
|More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below ''' http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro'''

|-
| 08.44
| The script has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken-Tutorial teams.

|-
| 08.50
|This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay. Signing off

|-
| 08.54
|Thank you for joining.

|}

@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 |-
 | 01:17
-|  Syntax is-
+|  Syntax is-'''command space less than less than space HERE'''.
-−
-|-
-|  01:18
-|'''command space less than less than space HERE'''.
 |-
@@ Line 290: / Line 286: @@
 |-
 |  05:59
-|* '''Here''' string is used for '''input redirection''' from '''text''' or a '''variable'''.
+|'''Here''' string is used for '''input redirection''' from '''text''' or a '''variable'''.
 |-
 |  06:06
-|* The '''input''' is mentioned in the same line within single quotes.
+|The '''input''' is mentioned in the same line within single quotes.
 |-
@@ Line 353: / Line 349: @@
 |-
 |  07:27
-|* '''HERE''' document
+|'''HERE''' document
 |-
 |  07:29
-|* '''HERE''' string.
+|'''HERE''' string.
 |-
@@ Line 365: / Line 361: @@
 |-
 |  07:36
-|* '''Here document'''
+|'''Here document''''''Here string'''.
-−
-|-
-|  07:37
-|* '''Here string'''.
 |-

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 |-
 |  00:34
-|* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 12.04''' '''Operating System
+|'''Ubuntu Linux''' 12.04''' '''Operating System
 |-
 |  00:39
-|* '''GNU BASH''' version 4.2
+|'''GNU BASH''' version 4.2
 |-
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 |-
 |  00:52
-|* It is a special purpose '''block''' of '''text''' or '''code'''.
+|It is a special purpose '''block''' of '''text''' or '''code'''.
 |-
 |  00:56
-|* It is a form of '''I/O redirect'''.
+| It is a form of '''I/O redirect'''.
 |-
 |  01:00
-|* It feeds a command list to an interactive program or '''command line'''.
+|It feeds a command list to an interactive program or '''command line'''.
 |-
 |  01:06
-|* It can be treated as a separate file.
+|It can be treated as a separate file.
 |-
 |  01:10
-|* It can also be treated as multiple line '''input''' redirected to a '''shell script'''.
+|It can also be treated as multiple line '''input''' redirected to a '''shell script'''.
 |-

@@ Line 254: / Line 254: @@
 |-
 |  05:17
-|  '''Save''' the file.
+|  '''Save''' the file. Let us now '''execute''' the program.
-−
-|-
-|  05:18
-|  Let us now '''execute''' the program.
 |-

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 |-
 |  00:26
-|If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website which is as shown. '''(http://www.spoken-tutorial.org)'''
+|If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website which is as shown. http://www.spoken-tutorial.org
 |-
@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 |-
 | 00:49
-|  Let us learn about '''Here document'''.
+|  Let us learn about ''''Here' document'''.
 |-
 |  00:52
-|* It is a special purpose block of text or code.
+|* It is a special purpose '''block''' of '''text''' or '''code'''.
 |-
 |  00:56
-|* It is a form of I/O redirect.
+|* It is a form of '''I/O redirect'''.
 |-
 |  01:00
-|* It feeds a command list to an interactive program or command line.
+|* It feeds a command list to an interactive program or '''command line'''.
 |-
@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 |-
 |  01:10
-|* It can also be treated as multiple line input redirected to a '''shell script'''.
+|* It can also be treated as multiple line '''input''' redirected to a '''shell script'''.
 |-
@@ Line 114: / Line 114: @@
 |-
 | 02:09
-| '''wc''' represents word count.
+| 'wc' represents '''word count'''.
 |-
@@ Line 122: / Line 122: @@
 |-
 | 02:20
-|The block of code or text until the second occurrence of '''HERE''' will be treated as a file.
+|The '''block''' of code or '''text''' until the second occurrence of '''HERE''' will be treated as a file.
 |-
@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
 |-
 | 02:36
-|  '''HERE''' acts as a '''delimiter''' for '''wc hyphen w''' command while reading multi-line input.
+|  '''HERE''' acts as a '''delimiter''' for '''wc hyphen w''' command while reading '''multi-line input'''.
 |-
 |  02:47
-|If we try to '''execute''' the same command in the '''terminal''', we should get ''''4'''' as an output.
+|If we try to '''execute''' the same command in the '''terminal''', we should get '4' as an output.
 |-
 |  02:55
-|This is because we have passed four words to the command ''''wc hyphen w''''.
+|This is because we have passed four words to the command '''wc hyphen w'''.
 |-
@@ Line 170: / Line 170: @@
 |-
 |  03:33
-|that is, number of words in '''Here document '''is '''4.'''
+|that is, number of words in ''''Here' document '''is 4.
 |-
 | 03:38
-|  Come back to the program.
+|  Come back to our program.
 |-
 |  03:41
-|Let us add two more words here at the beginning of the text.
+|Let us add two more words here, at the beginning of the text.
 |-
@@ Line 206: / Line 206: @@
 |-
 |  04:13
-|  We can also pass an '''argument''' to the '''Here document.'''
+|  We can also pass an '''argument''' to the '''Here''' document.
 |-
@@ Line 250: / Line 250: @@
 |-
 |  05:09
-|  Here we have to close the '''document''' using the same '''delimiter''', '''this.'''
+|  Here we have to close the '''document''' using the same '''delimiter''' '''this.'''
 |-
@@ Line 282: / Line 282: @@
 |-
 |  05:49
-|'''1st argument is: Sunday'''
+|'''"1st argument is: Sunday"'''
 |-
 |  05:51
-|'''2nd argument is: Monday '''.
+|'''"2nd argument is: Monday" '''.
 |-
@@ Line 294: / Line 294: @@
 |-
 |  05:59
-|* '''Here string '''is used for '''input redirection''' from '''text''' or a '''variable'''.
+|* '''Here''' string is used for '''input redirection''' from '''text''' or a '''variable'''.
 |-
@@ Line 337: / Line 337: @@
 |-
 |  07:08
-|Number of words in '''here document''' is '''6''' and number of words in '''here string''' is''' 4.'''
+|Number of words in '''here''' document is 6 and number of words in '''here''' string is 4.
 |-
 |  07:15
-|  Likewise, you can write your own '''Here strings.'''
+|  Likewise, you can write your own '''Here''' strings.
 |-
@@ Line 357: / Line 357: @@
 |-
 |  07:27
-|* '''HERE document'''
+|* '''HERE''' document
 |-
 |  07:29
-|* '''HERE string'''.
+|* '''HERE''' string.
 |-
@@ Line 397: / Line 397: @@
 |-
 | 08:06
-|  The Spoken Tutorial project team:  Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
+|  The Spoken Tutorial project team:   Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
 |-
@@ Line 426: / Line 426: @@
 |-
 |  08:50
-|This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay. signing off
+|This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay, signing off.
 |-