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BASH/C3/Here-document-and-Here-string/English - Revision history
2026-05-13T23:29:28Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
MediaWiki 1.23.17
https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=BASH/C3/Here-document-and-Here-string/English&diff=15894&oldid=prev
Gaurav: moved BASH/C3/'Here'-document-and-'Here'-string/English to BASH/C3/Here-document-and-Here-string/English
2014-08-20T06:59:50Z
<p>moved <a href="/index.php/BASH/C3/%27Here%27-document-and-%27Here%27-string/English" class="mw-redirect" title="BASH/C3/'Here'-document-and-'Here'-string/English">BASH/C3/'Here'-document-and-'Here'-string/English</a> to <a href="/index.php/BASH/C3/Here-document-and-Here-string/English" title="BASH/C3/Here-document-and-Here-string/English">BASH/C3/Here-document-and-Here-string/English</a></p>
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<td colspan='1' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:59, 20 August 2014</td>
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Gaurav
https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=BASH/C3/Here-document-and-Here-string/English&diff=15694&oldid=prev
Nancyvarkey at 08:58, 13 August 2014
2014-08-13T08:58:42Z
<p></p>
<a href="https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=BASH/C3/Here-document-and-Here-string/English&diff=15694&oldid=15678">Show changes</a>
Nancyvarkey
https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=BASH/C3/Here-document-and-Here-string/English&diff=15678&oldid=prev
Ashwini at 06:06, 13 August 2014
2014-08-13T06:06:42Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:06, 13 August 2014</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This is Ashwini <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Patil </del>from IIT Bombay.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This is Ashwini from IIT Bombay.</div></td></tr>
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</table>
Ashwini
https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=BASH/C3/Here-document-and-Here-string/English&diff=15593&oldid=prev
Ashwini: Created page with ''''Title of script: HERE document and strings''' '''Author:''' Lavitha Pereira and Ashwini Patil '''Keywords: Video tutorial, redirection, here string, here document''' {| …'
2014-08-11T10:34:43Z
<p>Created page with ''''Title of script: HERE document and strings''' '''Author:''' Lavitha Pereira and Ashwini Patil '''Keywords: Video tutorial, redirection, here string, here document''' {| …'</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''Title of script: HERE document and strings'''<br />
<br />
'''Author:''' Lavitha Pereira and Ashwini Patil<br />
<br />
'''Keywords: Video tutorial, redirection, here string, here document'''<br />
<br />
<br />
{| style="border-spacing:0;"<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center><br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display Slide 1<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Dear friends, Welcome to the spoken tutorial on''' HERE document and strings'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display Slide 2<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn about<br />
<br />
* special-purpose redirection called '''Here documents '''and '''Here strings'''<br />
* With the help of some examples <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display Slide 3'''Prerequisites'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To follow this tutorial you should have knowledge of '''Shell Scripting''' in''' BASH.'''<br />
<br />
If not, for relevant tutorials please visit our website which is as shown,'''(http://www.spoken-tutorial.org)'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display Slide 4<br />
<br />
'''System requirements'''<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| For this tutorial I am using''' '''<br />
<br />
* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 12.04''' '''Operating System and<br />
* '''GNU BASH''' version 4.2<br />
<br />
Please note,''' GNU Bash''' '''version 4''' or above is recommended to practice this tutorial.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display slide 5<br />
<br />
'''Here documents'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us learn about '''Here document'''.<br />
<br />
<br />
* It is a special-purpose block of text or code. <br />
* It is a form of I/O redirect.<br />
* It feeds a command list to an interactive program or command line.<br />
* It can be treated as a separate file.<br />
* It can also be treated as multiple line input redirected to a command or a shell script.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display silde 6<br />
<br />
'''Syntax:'''<br />
<br />
<nowiki>command << HERE</nowiki><br />
<br />
text1<br />
<br />
text2<br />
<br />
textN<br />
<br />
HERE<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Syntax is,<br />
<br />
'''command''' '''space''' '''less than''' '''less than''' '''space HERE'''.<br />
<br />
<br />
After this on the next line, we can give the text input. <br />
<br />
<br />
It can consist of any number of lines.<br />
<br />
Here, '''text1, text2, textN''' are the text input.<br />
<br />
<br />
After the text inputs, on the next line, we type the keyword '''HERE '''again.<br />
<br />
<br />
It denotes the closing of '''HERE document.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us understand this with an example. <br />
<br />
<br />
I will open a file named '''here.sh '''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''<nowiki>#!/usr/bin/env bash </nowiki>'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The first line of code is the s'''hebang''' line.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''<nowiki>wc -w << HERE </nowiki>'''<br />
<br />
Welcome <br />
<br />
to Bash <br />
<br />
learning <br />
<br />
'''HERE'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let me put a block of text after this line.<br />
<br />
<nowiki>wc -w << HERE </nowiki><br />
<br />
Welcome <br />
<br />
to <br />
<br />
Bash <br />
<br />
learning <br />
<br />
HERE<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight '''<nowiki>wc -w << HERE </nowiki>'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| * '''wc '''represents 'word count'<br />
* '''wc hyphen w '''counts the number of words in the '''Here''' '''document.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight the block of text<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| * The block of text until the second occurance of '''HERE, '''will be treated as a file.<br />
* The content present in '''HERE document''' is an input to the command '''wc -w'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''<nowiki>wc -w << HERE</nowiki>'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''HERE''' acts as a delimiter for '''wc -w''' command while reading multi-line input.<br />
<br />
<br />
If we try to execute the same command in the terminal, we should get '4' as an output.<br />
<br />
<br />
This is because we have passed four words to the command ''''wc -c''''. <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to '''Terminal'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us switch to the '''Terminal.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type''' '''<br />
<br />
'''chmod +x here.sh>>'''Press '''Enter'''<br />
<br />
<br />
'''dot slash here.sh>>'''P'''ress Enter'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| And type:'''chmod space plus x space here dot sh'''<br />
<br />
Press '''Enter.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
Type '''dot slash here dot sh'''<br />
<br />
Press '''Enter.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''<nowiki>[Highlight]</nowiki>'''<br />
<br />
'''Output''''''4'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can see the output is '''4.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
That is, number of words in '''Here document '''is '''4.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| On the editor:Type:<br />
<br />
'''Hello'''<br />
<br />
'''and'''<br />
<br />
'''before Welcome'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Come back to the program.<br />
<br />
Let us add two more words here at the beginning of the text.<br />
<br />
<br />
Type '''Hello and'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Click on '''Save.'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Click on''' Save.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
Let us execute the program again.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| On the '''terminal, '''type'''./here.sh'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| On the '''terminal, '''press the up-arrow key and recall the previous command.<br />
<br />
'''./here.sh'''<br />
<br />
<br />
Press '''Enter.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now the output is '''6 '''because we added two more words to our text.<br />
<br />
<br />
<nowiki><<PAUSE>></nowiki><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can also pass an argument to the '''Here document.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open '''hereoutput.sh '''file.<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us see how to do this with an example.<br />
<br />
<br />
Let me open a file named '''hereoutput.sh'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''<nowiki>cat << this </nowiki>'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The command '''cat''' will concatenate files and print the standard output.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''<nowiki>cat << this </nowiki>'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Note that we have used the string '''this''' instead of '''HERE.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
It’s not necessary that you always have to use the delimiter '''HERE'''. <br />
<br />
<br />
You can use any other delimiter also.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''0'th argument is : $0 '''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This line will display the '''0th''' (zeroeth) argument.<br />
<br />
The 0th (zeroeth) argument, by default, is the filename.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''1st argument is $1 '''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This line will display the 1st argument passed to the program.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''2nd argument is $2 '''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| And this line will display the 2nd argument passed to the program.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''this'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here we have to close the document using the same delimiter, '''this.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Save'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save the file.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''chmod +x hereoutput.sh''''''./hereoutput.sh Sunday Monday'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us now execute the program.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the '''terminal''' type:<br />
<br />
'''chmod''' space '''+x''' space '''hereoutput.sh'''<br />
<br />
'''./hereoutput.sh Sunday Monday'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The output is dispalyed as:<br />
<br />
'''The invoked script name: '''<br />
<br />
'''0'th argument is: ./hereoutput.sh '''<br />
<br />
'''1st argument is: Sunday'''<br />
<br />
'''2nd argument is: Monday '''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki><<PAUSE>></nowiki><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display Slide 12<br />
<br />
'''Here String'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us learn about '''Here '''string now.<br />
<br />
<br />
* '''Here string '''is used for input redirection from text or a variable.<br />
* The input is mentioned in the same line within single quotes.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display Slide 13<br />
<br />
'''Syntax:'''<br />
<br />
'''<nowiki>command <<< 'string'</nowiki>'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The syntax is,<br />
<br />
'''command''' space '''three less than''' symbols space within '''single quotes write string'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us understand this with an example. <br />
<br />
<br />
I will open the same file '''here.sh'''<br />
<br />
'''<nowiki>wc -w <<< 'Welcome to Bash learning'</nowiki>'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>wc -w <<< 'Welcome to Bash learning'</nowiki><br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here at the end I will type:<br />
<br />
'''wc space hyphen w three less then symbols'''<br />
<br />
'''<nowiki>(<<<) space within quote 'Welcome to Bash learning'</nowiki>'''<br />
<br />
<br />
This will redirect the string within quotes to''' '''the command '''wc -w.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
Click on '''Save '''to save changes.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to '''Terminal'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We will switch to the '''Terminal.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''dot slash here.sh'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now type:<br />
<br />
'''./here.sh'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''<nowiki>[Highlight]</nowiki>'''<br />
<br />
'''Output''''''6'''<br />
<br />
'''4'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can see the output as 6 and 4<br />
<br />
Number of words in '''here document''' is '''6''' and''' '''<br />
<br />
<br />
number of words in '''here string''' is''' 4.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Likewise, you can write your own '''Here strings.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display Slide 14<br />
<br />
Summary<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Summary''' <br />
<br />
Let us summarise. <br />
<br />
In this tutorial we learnt about<br />
<br />
* '''HERE document'''<br />
* '''HERE string''' <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display slide 15<br />
<br />
'''Assignment'''<br />
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| # Convert a string to uppercase using:<br />
<br />
* '''Here document'''<br />
* '''Here string'''<br />
<br />
Hint:''' tr a-z A-Z''' is the command to convert characters from lower to upper case.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display Slide 16<br />
<br />
http://spoken-tutorial.org /What\_is\_a\_Spoken\_Tutorial<br />
<br />
About the Spoken Tutorial Project<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Watch the video available at the link shown below.<br />
<br />
<br />
It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.<br />
<br />
<br />
If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display Slide 17<br />
<br />
Spoken Tutorial Workshops<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team<br />
<br />
* Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials<br />
* Gives certificates to those who pass an online test<br />
<br />
For more details, please write to<br />
<br />
contact@spoken-tutorial.org<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display Slide 18<br />
<br />
Acknowledgement<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.<br />
<br />
<br />
It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.<br />
<br />
<br />
More information on this Mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Display Slide 19<br />
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The script has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken-Tutorial teams.<br />
<br />
<br />
This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay.<br />
<br />
Thank you for joining.<br />
<br />
|}</div>
Ashwini