Ashwini: /* It has features of both B Shell and C Shell, along with some additional features. */

2013-07-26T07:19:54Z

‎It has features of both B Shell and C Shell, along with some additional features.

Ashwini: /* It was created by David Korn */

2013-07-26T07:19:34Z

‎It was created by David Korn

Ashwini: /* It provides features lacking in Bourne Shell */

2013-07-26T07:19:19Z

‎It provides features lacking in Bourne Shell

Ashwini: /* Bourne Shell- /bin/sh */

2013-07-26T07:19:00Z

‎Bourne Shell- /bin/sh

Ashwini: /* Bourne Shell- /bin/sh */

2013-07-26T07:18:37Z

‎Bourne Shell- /bin/sh

Ashwini: Created page with ''''Title of script: Introduction to BASH shell scripting ''' '''Author: '''FOSSEE and Spoken-tutorial Team '''Keywords: '''video tutorial, Bash shell, hello world, execute a sc…'

2013-07-26T07:18:05Z

Created page with ''''Title of script: Introduction to BASH shell scripting ''' '''Author: '''FOSSEE and Spoken-tutorial Team '''Keywords: '''video tutorial, Bash shell, hello world, execute a sc…'

New page

'''Title of script: Introduction to BASH shell scripting '''

'''Author: '''FOSSEE and Spoken-tutorial Team

'''Keywords: '''video tutorial, Bash shell, hello world, execute a script

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
! <center>Visual Cue</center>
! <center>Narration</center>

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Dear friends, welcome to the '''s'''poken tutorial on Introduction to '''BASH shell scripting'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide

'''Learning Objectives'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn

* About different types of '''Shells '''

* To write a '''Bash Shell script''' and
* To execute it.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide

'''Prerequisites'''

'''www.spoken-tutorial.org '''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with '''Linux Operating System'''

If not, then for relevant '''Linux''' tutorials, please visit our website.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display slide
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| For this tutorial I am using

* '''Ubuntu Linux 12.04''' OS and
* '''GNU Bash''' version '''4.1.10'''.

'''GNU bash '''version '''4''' or above is recommended to practice this tutorial.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display slide

'''Bash Shell '''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us see what a '''Bash Shell '''is.

* '''Bash Shell''' is a '''Command language interpreter''', that executes commands.
* These commands are read from the standard input device.
* The input device can be

* your '''keyboard'''
* or a simple''' text file'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me show you what is a '''Bash Shell'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Press '''Ctrl+Alt+T'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Open the '''terminal''' by pressing

'''Ctrl+Alt+T''' keys simultaneously .

This will open the ''''Gnome-terminal''''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| On the Terminal, type -

'''echo $SHELL'''

Press '''Enter'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To check which '''type '''of '''shell '''we are using, type:

'''echo space dollar sign SHELL('shell' in capital)'''

Press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight'''

'''/bin/bash '''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| You will see the output printed on the next line as:

'''slash bin slash bash'''

This indicates that we are using the '''Bash Shell'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Display Slide'''

'''Different Types of Shells'''

== Bourne Shell- /bin/sh ==

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us know different types of '''Shells '''available

== Bourne Shell- /bin/sh ==
* == This was original UNIX shell written by Stephen Bourne. ==

* It lacked interactivity provided by most modern shells today

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| C Shell- /bin/csh
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''C Shell'''- '''/bin/csh'''

== It provides features lacking in Bourne Shell ==

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| K Shell- /bin/ksh

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''K Shell- /bin/ksh'''

== It was created by David Korn ==
== It has features of both B Shell and C Shell, along with some additional features. ==

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Bash Shell- /bin/bash
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Bash Shell'''- '''/bin/bash'''

* The '''Bash Shell '''was developed by '''GNU Project'''
* It is based on '''B Shell''' language.
* It has features of''' C '''and''' K Shells.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Display Slide'''

TC Shell- /bin/tcsh

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''TC Shell'''- /bin/tcsh

* It is the default '''Shell '''of '''FreeBSD '''and its descendants.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Z Shell- /bin/zsh
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Z shell- /bin/zsh'''

* It''' '''is a '''Shell '''designed for interactive use.
* It has many useful features of''' bash, ksh, and tcsh.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide

'''Bash Shell script'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let us see what a '''Bash Shell script '''is.

The '''Bash Shell script '''

* contains a series of '''Bash''' commands in plain '''text file'''.
* tells the '''Shell''' to execute this''' text file,''' instead of typing the commands.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us see how to write a simple '''Bash script.'''

Let us test the '''echo''' command,''' '''which will print '''Hello World '''on the '''terminal'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to the '''terminal '''>> type

'''echo “Hello World”'''

Press '''Enter'''

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let's go to the '''terminal''' and type:

'''echo space open double quotes Hello space world close double quotes'''

and press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Output: '''Hello World'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This prints '''Hello World''' on the '''terminal.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The command worked as expected.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight '''echo “Hello World”'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, what if we want to use this command in a file?

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Just put this command in a file and execute that file.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| So, let us write a simple '''“hello world” script.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We will use '''gedit''' text-editor for this purpose.

You are free to use your favourite text-editor.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to the '''terminal '''>> type '''cd Desktop '''>> press '''Enter'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I want to create my file on the '''Desktop'''.

So, go back to the''' terminal '''and type:

'''cd''' space '''Desktop'''

Press '''Enter.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Type '''gedit hello_world.sh '''>> press '''Enter'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now type

'''gedit space hello underscore world dot sh'''

and press '''Enter.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Point to the header of the '''gedit '''window
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We have opened a new file named '''hello_world.sh '''using '''gedit.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Type '''<nowiki>#!/bin/bash</nowiki>'''

>> press '''Enter'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this file, type

'''hash exclamation slash bin slash bash'''

and press '''Enter.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight this line
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This is the first line of every bash script.

It is called '''shebang''' or '''bang''' line.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Type '''<nowiki># my first Bash script</nowiki>'''

>> press '''Enter'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, let's add a comment to the file by typing:

'''hash my space first space Bash space script'''

Press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Highlight '''<nowiki>#</nowiki>'''

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Remember that any line after '''hash,''' is treated as a '''comment.'''

And '''comments''' are ignored by the '''Bash '''interpreter.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Type '''echo “Hello World”'''

>> press '''Enter'''

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now we can add the command which we used earlier.

So type:

'''echo space open double quotes Hello space world close double quotes'''

and press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Type '''echo $SHELL'''

'''>>'''Press '''Enter'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Also in the next line, type:

'''echo space dollar sign SHELL '''

And press '''Enter.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Type '''echo `date`'''

'''>> '''Press '''Enter'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Then type:

'''echo space backtick date backtick '''

'''backtick '''symbol is present on the key which has '''tilde '''character.

Now, press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Press '''CTRL+S '''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Press '''CTRL+S '''to save this file.

We will close this file using '''ALT+F4'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch to the '''terminal'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, let's go back to the '''terminal '''and make this file executable.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Type

'''chmod''' '''+x''' '''hello_world.sh''' >> press '''Enter'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| So, type

'''chmod''' space '''plus x''' space '''hello underscore world dot sh'''

and press''' Enter'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Type

'''./ hello_world.sh '''

>> press '''Enter'''

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now execute this file by typing

'''dot slash hello underscore world dot sh'''

Press '''Enter.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Output: '''Hello World'''

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| You can see '''Hello World''' displayed on the '''terminal'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Output: '''/bin/bash'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The''' shell '''type is displayed on the next line. ie '''slash bin slash bash'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Output:''' Wed May 8 15:59:36 IST 2013 '''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We can see that Day, Month, Time, Time zone and Year are displayed.

The output may vary depending on the system.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Summary'''

In this tutorial we have learnt about

* Different types of '''Shells'''
* The '''Bash Shell '''and
* The '''Bash Shell script'''

We also wrote a simple '''Shell script '''and executed it.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide

Assignment
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Write a simple '''Bash shell script '''to display the message -

* “'''Welcome to Bash learning'''”
* and''' “***************” '''

on separate lines.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide

Acknowledgement Slide
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Watch the video available at the following link

It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide

Spoken Tutorial Workshops
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass an online test

For more details, please write to

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide

Acknowledgement
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project

It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India

More information on this Mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The script for this tutorial was written by the FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Teams, IIT Bombay.

And this is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay.

Thank you for joining.

|}

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:19, 26 July 2013
Line 132:		Line 132:
	It was created by David Korn		It was created by David Korn

−	== It has features of both B Shell and C Shell, along with some additional features. ==	+	It has features of both B Shell and C Shell, along with some additional features.

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:19, 26 July 2013
Line 120:		Line 120:
	\| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"\| '''C Shell'''- '''/bin/csh'''		\| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"\| '''C Shell'''- '''/bin/csh'''

−	== It provides features lacking in Bourne Shell ==	+	It provides features lacking in Bourne Shell

@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
 | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''K Shell- /bin/ksh'''
-== It was created by David Korn  ==
+ It was created by David Korn
 == It has features of both B Shell and C Shell, along with some additional features. ==

@@ Line 109: / Line 109: @@
 | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us know different types of '''Shells '''available
-== Bourne Shell- /bin/sh ==
+ Bourne Shell- /bin/sh
 * == This was original UNIX shell written by Stephen Bourne. ==

BASH/C2/Introduction-to-BASH-Shell-Scripting/English - Revision history

Ashwini: /* It has features of both B Shell and C Shell, along with some additional features. */

Ashwini: /* It was created by David Korn */

Ashwini: /* It provides features lacking in Bourne Shell */

Ashwini: /* Bourne Shell- /bin/sh */

Ashwini: /* Bourne Shell- /bin/sh */

Ashwini: Created page with ''''Title of script: Introduction to BASH shell scripting ''' '''Author: '''FOSSEE and Spoken-tutorial Team '''Keywords: '''video tutorial, Bash shell, hello world, execute a sc…'