BASH/C2/Arithmetic-Comparison/English - Revision history

Nancyvarkey at 09:14, 12 November 2013

2013-11-12T09:14:30Z

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Ashwini at 10:59, 8 November 2013

2013-11-08T10:59:22Z

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Nancyvarkey at 13:00, 23 October 2013

2013-10-23T13:00:15Z

Ashwini at 07:32, 11 October 2013

2013-10-11T07:32:10Z

Ashwini: Created page with ''''Title of script:''' '''Arithmetic comparison in BASH shell scripting ''' '''Author:''' Ashwini Patil '''Keywords: video tutorial, Bash shell, -eq, -ne, -gt, -ge, -lt, -le'''…'

2013-10-11T07:11:24Z

Created page with ''''Title of script:''' '''Arithmetic comparison in BASH shell scripting ''' '''Author:''' Ashwini Patil '''Keywords: video tutorial, Bash shell, -eq, -ne, -gt, -ge, -lt, -le'''…'

New page

'''Title of script:''' '''Arithmetic comparison in BASH shell scripting '''

'''Author:''' Ashwini Patil

'''Keywords: video tutorial, Bash shell, -eq, -ne, -gt, -ge, -lt, -le'''

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
! <center>Visual Cue</center>
! <center>Narration</center>

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide 1
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Arithmetic Comparison in BASH shell scripting'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide 2
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn

* '''-eq'''
* '''-ne'''
* '''-lt'''
* '''-le'''
* '''-gt'''
* '''-ge'''

We will do this with the help of some examples.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide 3
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| For this tutorial I am using Ubuntu Linux 12.04 Operating System and

GNU BASH version 4.2.24

Please note, GNU bash version 4 or above is recommended to practice this tutorial.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''On the editor.'''

'''example1.sh'''

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I already have a working example of arithmetic operators. Let me switch to it now.

I have named my file as '''example1.sh'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Pause the tutorial here.

Open a file in any editor of your choice and type the code as shown.

You must be familiar how to do so, by now.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this program, we will check whether a given file is empty or not.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight'''

'''<nowiki>#!/bin/bash</nowiki>'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me explain the code now.

This is the shebang line.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight'''

'''read -p "Enter filename: " y'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| First of all, “'''Enter filename” '''will be printed on the '''console.'''

'''read '''command reads''' one line''' of data from''' '''the '''standard input.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight'''

'''x=`cat $y | wc -w`'''

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Command is enclosed within '''backticks.'''

'''Backtick '''has a very special meaning'''. '''Everything you type between '''backticks '''is evaluated.

'''cat''' command will display the content of the file.

'''wc''' will print newline, word, and byte counts for each file.

'''-w''' will print the word count.

What will happen is -

* First the '''cat''' command will read the input file.
* Which it then piped or sent to the '''wc''' command.
* So, this statement counts the words in a given file.
* The output is stored in variable '''x.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight'''

'''<nowiki>if [ $x -eq 0 ]; then</nowiki>'''

'''echo "$y has zero words" '''

'''fi'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This is the '''if statement'''

'''-eq''' command checks whether word count is equal to '''0.'''

If the condition is '''true,''' we will print the message '''“File has zero words”.'''

'''fi''' is the end of '''if''' loop.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight'''

'''<nowiki>if [ $x -ne 0 ]; then</nowiki>'''

'''echo "$y has $x words" '''

'''fi'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here is another '''if''' statement.

Here, '''-ne''' command checks whether word count is not equal to '''0.'''

If the condition is '''true,''' we will print a message '''“File has $x words”'''.

'''$x''' will give the word count.

This is the end of 2nd '''if '''loop.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Save your '''program''' file.

Now, let us execute our '''program.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| On the terminal type:

'''chmod +x example1.sh'''

Type:

'''./example1.sh'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| On the terminal type:

'''chmod +x example1.sh'''

Then type:

'''./example1.sh'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Type:'''

'''touch list.txt'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now first let's create a file '''list.txt'''

So type: '''touch list.txt'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''echo “How are you” Removed '>>'.

'>' is enough if this is a new file.

'''> list.txt'''

| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Then, let's add a line in the file''' list.txt'''

Type:

'''echo “How are you” > (greater than signs) list.txt'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Type:'''

'''chmod +x example1.sh'''

'''./example1.sh'''

'''Type:'''

'''list.txt'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Lets execute the program.

Press the up-arrow key

'''./example1.sh'''

'''Enter filename '''is displayed.

Type:

'''list.txt'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight '''

'''The Output'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The output is displayed as:

'''list.txt has 3 words'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let's learn about another set of operators.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Switch '''to example2.sh'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me switch to another file '''example2.sh '''in my editor.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Please open a file in your editor and name it as '''example2.sh'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now type the code as shown here in your''' example2.sh '''file.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me explain the code now.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This program will check whether the word count is

* greater or less than '''1.'''
* Between 1 and 100
* Or above 100

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight'''

'''<nowiki>#!/bin/bash </nowiki>'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We have our shebang line here.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight'''

'''read -p "Enter the filename: " y'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''read '''statement takes input as filename from the user.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight'''

'''wc -c`'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''-c''' command is used to print the byte counts.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight'''

'''<nowiki>if [ $x -lt 1 ] ; </nowiki>'''

'''then '''

'''echo "No characters present in $y" '''

'''fi'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In the '''if statement''', '''-lt''' command checks whether word count is less than '''1'''.

If the condition is '''true, '''then we print '''“No characters present in file”.'''

'''fi''' ends the first '''if statement.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight'''

'''<nowiki>if [ $x -gt 1 ] ; </nowiki>'''

'''then '''

'''echo "$y has more than one character"'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The next '''if statement '''contains nested '''if Or statements?'''statement.'''

First the '''-gt''' command checks whether word count is greater than '''1.'''

If yes, then this '''echo statement '''will get executed.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight'''

'''<nowiki>if [ $x -ge 1 ] && [ $x -le 100 ]; then </nowiki>'''

'''echo "Number of characters ranges between 1 and 100" '''

'''fi '''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| There are multiple '''if statements '''within this '''if statement.'''

Here in this '''if statement -'''

* '''-ge '''command checks whether word count is greater than equal to '''1 a'''nd
* '''-le '''command checks whether word count is less than equal to '''100.'''

If both the conditions are satisfied, then it prints:

'''Number of characters ranges between 1 and 100.'''

Please note that both conditions should be '''true''' to satisfy the entire'' '''''if condition'''.

This is because we have included '''&& '''in between both conditions.

'''fi''' is the end of this '''if statement'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight'''

'''<nowiki>if [ $x -gt 100 ] ; </nowiki>'''

'''then '''

'''echo "Number of characters is above 100" '''

'''fi'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Then the next '''if statement '''will be evaluated.

'''-gt '''command checks whether word count is greater than 100.

If the condition is stasified, we print '''Number of characters is above 100.'''

'''fi '''is the end of this '''if statement.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight fi'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here we end the 2nd '''if statement'''.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''On the terminal'''

'''Type'''

'''chmod +x example2.sh'''

'''Type:'''

'''./example2.sh'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us execute the program now.

Type:

'''chmod +x example2.sh'''

Type:

'''./example2.sh'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Type:'''

'''list.txt'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type:

'''list.txt'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Highlight the output'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''list.txt''' has more than one character.

'''Number of characters ranges between 1 and 100 '''

will be printed on the '''terminal.'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Add or remove characters to the '''list.txt '''file.''' '''

Then observe which '''if statements''' get executed.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide 10

'''Summary'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Summary'''

In this tutorial we learnt,

'''-lt'''

'''-gt'''

'''-le'''

'''-ge'''

'''-eq'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide 11

'''Assignment'''
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Write a program to demonstrate the use of Highlight this in the slide, too.'''not equal to''' operator.

Hint: '''-ne'''

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide 12

http://spoken-tutorial.org /What\_is\_a\_Spoken\_Tutorial

About the Spoken Tutorial Project
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Watch the video available at the link shown below

It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide 13

Spoken Tutorial Workshops
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass an online test

For more details, please write to

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide 14

Acknowledgement
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project

It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India

More information on this Mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro

|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The script has been contributed by FOSSEE and spoken-tutorial team.

This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off.

Thank you for joining.

|}

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 |-
 | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| Display Slide 1
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Arithmetic Comparison in BASH shell scripting'''
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Arithmetic Comparison in BASH'''
 |-
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 * '''-gt'''
 * '''-ge'''
 We will do this with the help of some examples.
@@ Line 34: / Line 36: @@
 GNU BASH version 4.1.10
-Please note, GNU bash version 4 or above is recommended to practice this tutorial.
+Please note, GNU bash version 4 or above is recommended for practice.
 |-
@@ Line 50: / Line 52: @@
 |-
 | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"|
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Pause the tutorial here.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Open a file in any editor of your choice and type the code as shown.
-−
-−
 Open a file in any editor of your choice and type the code as shown.
@@ Line 68: / Line 67: @@
 | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me explain the code now.
-This is the shebang line.
+This is the '''shebang line'''.
 |-
@@ Line 86: / Line 85: @@
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Command is enclosed within '''backticks.'''
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This command is enclosed within '''backticks.'''
 '''Backtick '''has a very special meaning'''. '''Everything you type between '''backticks '''is evaluated.
@@ Line 99: / Line 98: @@
 What will happen is -
-* First the '''cat''' command will read the input file.
+* First the '''cat''' command will read the file; this is the input file
-* Which it then piped or sent to the '''wc''' command.
+* Which is then piped or sent to the '''wc''' command
-* So, this statement counts the words in a given file.
+* So, this statement counts the words in a given file
-* The output is stored in variable '''x.'''
+* The output is stored in variable '''x'''
-−
-−
 |-
@@ Line 122: / Line 119: @@
 If the condition is '''true,''' we will print the message '''“File has zero words”.'''
-'''fi''' is the end of '''if''' loop.
+'''fi''' is the end of first '''if''' condition.
 |-
@@ Line 133: / Line 130: @@
 '''fi'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here is another '''if''' statement.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here is another '''if''' condition.
 Here, '''-ne''' command checks whether word count is not equal to '''0.'''
-If the condition is '''true,''' we will print a message '''“File has $x words”'''.
+If the condition is '''true,''' we will print a message '''“File has so-and-so words”'''.
 '''$x''' will give the word count.
-This is the end of 2nd '''if '''loop.
+This is the end of 2nd '''if '''condition.
 |-
@@ Line 149: / Line 146: @@
-Now, let us execute our '''program.'''
+Let us execute our '''program.'''
-−
-|-
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| On the terminal type:
-−
-'''chmod +x example1.sh'''
-−
-Type:
-−
-'''./example1.sh'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| On the terminal type:
-−
-'''chmod +x example1.sh'''
-−
-Then type:
-−
-'''./example1.sh'''
 |-
@@ Line 180: / Line 161: @@
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Then, let's add a line in the file''' list.txt'''
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now, let's add a line in the file
-Type:
+Type: '''echo “How are you” '''
-'''echo “How are you” > (greater than signs) list.txt'''
+After the double quotes, '''> (greater than signs) list.txt'''
 |-
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Type:'''
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| On the terminal type:
-'''chmod +x example1.sh'''
+Type: '''./example1.sh'''
-'''./example1.sh'''
+Then type: '''./example1.sh'''
+|-
-'''Type:'''
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Type:'''
 '''list.txt'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Lets execute the program.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Enter filename '''is displayed.
-Press the up-arrow key
+Type:'''list.txt'''
-−
-'''./example1.sh'''
-−
-−
-'''Enter filename '''is displayed.
-−
 Type:
-−
 '''list.txt'''
 |-
@@ Line 253: / Line 227: @@
 '''<nowiki>#!/bin/bash </nowiki>'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We have our shebang line here.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We have our '''shebang line''' here.
 |-

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| For this tutorial I am using Ubuntu Linux 12.04 Operating System and
-GNU BASH version 4.2.24
+GNU BASH version 4.1.10
 Please note, GNU bash version 4 or above is recommended to practice this tutorial.
@@ Line 176: / Line 176: @@
 |-
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''echo “How are you” Removed '>>'.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''echo “How are you” > list.txt'''
-−
-−
-'>' is enough if this is a new file.
-−
-−
-'''> list.txt'''
@@ Line 299: / Line 293: @@
 '''echo "$y has more than one character"'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The next '''if statement '''contains nested '''if Or statements?'''statement.'''
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The next '''if statement '''contains nested '''if statements.'''
@@ Line 433: / Line 427: @@
 '''Assignment'''
-| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Write a program to demonstrate the use of Highlight this in the slide, too.'''not equal to''' operator.
+| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Write a program to demonstrate the use of '''not equal to''' operator.
 Hint: '''-ne'''