Nirmala Venkat: Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Vi..."

2018-04-12T09:18:29Z

Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Vi..."

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{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Visual Cue'''
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Narration'''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 1:

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Welcome to the''' Spoken Tutorial''' on''' Mixing Assembly '''and''' C programming.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 2:

Learning objectives

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn to:

* Write a '''function''' in '''Assembly routine '''to perform initialisation.
* Call that '''Assembly routine '''in '''AVR-GCC program '''to blink the '''Dot LED''' of the '''Seven Segment display.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 3:

Pre-requisites

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should have basic knowledge of :

* '''Electronics '''
* '''AVR-GCC '''and
* '''Assembly Programming'''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 4:

System Requirement

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To record this tutorial, I am using:

* '''Arduino UNO Board '''and
* '''Ubuntu Linux '''operating system version 14.04
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 5:

External Devices

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We also require some external devices such as:

* '''Breadboard'''
* '''Seven-Segment Display'''
* '''220 ohm Resistor'''
* '''Arduino UNO Board '''and
* '''Jumper Wires'''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Circuit Connections (new-dot-blink.jpg)

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''Dot pin '''of the '''Seven Segment Display''' is connected to the '''pin 13''' of the '''Arduino'''.

Any one of the '''common pins''' is connected to the '''+5Volts''' through a '''resistor'''.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the real connection

dot-blink-setup.jpeg
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This is the live setup of the connection.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now we will write an '''Assembly''' routine to perform the initialisation.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open any text editor and type the following.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open text editor
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This '''assembly routine''' program initialises and sets '''pin 13 '''of '''Arduino '''as output.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Highlight according to narration:'''
<nowiki>#define __SFR_OFFSET 0</nowiki>

<nowiki>#include <avr/io.h></nowiki>

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let me explain the code line by line.

This line sets the '''Special Function Register''' offset to zero.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| .global init

.section .text

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| These two lines make this '''assembly routine '''globally accessible.

It enables other programs to use it.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| init:

LDI R16, 0b00100000

OUT DDRB, R16

RET
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here '''init''' is the '''subroutine '''name.

These two lines sets '''pin 13 '''of '''Arduino '''as output.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save the file
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save the code as '''initasm.S '''in capital in the '''Downloads''' folder.

Since this is the '''subroutine''', it is saved as '''.S '''extension.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| All codes used in this tutorial are available in the '''Code Files''' link of this tutorial.
You can download and use it.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now we will write an''' AVR-GCC program '''to call this '''subroutine '''and blink the '''Dot LED.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open text editor
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open any text editor and type the following.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This code will blink the '''Dot LED '''continuously.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Highlight according to narration:'''

<nowiki>#include <avr/io.h></nowiki>

<nowiki>#include <util/delay.h></nowiki>

int main (void)

{

init ();

while(1)

{

PORTB = ((0 << PB5));

_delay_ms (10000L);

PORTB = ((1 << PB5));

_delay_ms (10000L);

}

return 0;

}
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The first line,'''”init()” '''calls the '''Assembly subroutine'''.

These lines of code alternatively turn the '''Dot LED '''on and off causing it to blink.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save the code
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save the code as '''blink.c''' in the '''Downloads''' folder.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the Makefile
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Download the '''Makefile '''from the '''code files '''link of this tutorial.

Place it in the same folder where '''blink.c''' file is saved.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open the Makefile
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| I’ll open the '''Makefile '''in''' text editor.'''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Note that this '''Makefile''' is different from the one previously used.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight the lines in the Makefile
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In the '''Makefile''', ensure that '''“TARGET = blink”''' and '''ASRC = “initasm.S”'''

Here “'''blink'''” is the main '''program '''and “'''initasm'''” is the '''subroutine'''.

You need to change the '''filename''' and '''subroutine''' name if you have given a different name.

Then save the '''Makefile.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the '''terminal'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

> cd /home/spoken/Downloads

> make FNAME = blink
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Go to the folder where '''blink.c '''file is saved.

Type, '''make space FNAME in capital <nowiki>=blink </nowiki>'''and press '''Enter.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output

dot-blink.mov
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now you can see that''' '''the '''Dot LED '''is blinking.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 6:

Summary
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt to:

* Write a '''function''' in '''Assembly routine '''to perform initialisation and
* Call that '''Assembly routine '''in '''AVR-GCC program '''to blink the '''Dot LED'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Assignment
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| As an assignment-

* Change the above '''program '''to increase the '''delay'''.
* Observe the '''delay '''in the blinking of the '''Dot LED'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 7:

About Spoken Tutorial project

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 8:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' Team:

* conducts workshops and gives certificates.
For more details, please write to us.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.078cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 9:

Forum for specific questions
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.078cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 10:

Acknowledgement

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at

this link.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by '''FOSSEE''' and Spoken Tutorial Project, '''IIT Bombay'''.

This is Priya from IIT Bombay.

Thanks for watching.

|}

Arduino/C3/Mixing-Assembly-and-C-programming/English - Revision history

Nirmala Venkat: Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Vi..."