Nancyvarkey at 02:26, 18 April 2018

2018-04-18T02:26:46Z

Nirmala Venkat: Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Vi..."

2018-04-09T07:40:23Z

Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Vi..."

New page

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Visual Cue'''
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Narration'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 1:

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Welcome to the''' Spoken Tutorial''' on '''Interfacing LCD through AVR-GCC programming.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 2:

Learning objectives

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn to:

* Interface a''' LCD''' to''' Arduino''' board.
* Write an '''AVR-GCC''' program to display a digit on '''LCD.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 3:

Pre-requisites
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should have basic knowledge of :

* '''Electronics '''
* '''C Programming '''and
* '''AVR-GCC'''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 4:

System Requirement
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To record this tutorial, I am using:

* '''Arduino UNO Board'''
* '''Ubuntu Linux '''operating system version 14.04
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 5:

External Devices
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We also require some external devices such as:

* '''Breadboard'''
* '''LCD 16 by 2'''
* '''Arduino UNO Board'''
* '''Potentiometer'''
* '''Jumper Wires '''and
* '''Pin headers'''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the image:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this experiment, we will be using a '''16 by 2 LCD'''.

Please refer to the basic level tutorial of this series to know more about '''LCD'''.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the image:

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Make use of the given table to connect the '''Arduino''' pins to the '''LCD'''.

This table is available in the '''Additional reading material '''link of this tutorial.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the circuit connection(LCD_circuit.jpg)

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This is the circuit connection.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the pins in the image
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Connect one extreme lead of the '''potentiometer '''to '''pin''' '''1''' of the '''LCD'''.

The other extreme end is connected to '''pin''' '''2''' of the '''LCD'''.

The middle '''pin''' is connected to '''pin 3''' of the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Live setup:

LCD-Setup.JPEG
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This is the live setup of the connection.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now we will write an '''AVR-GCC '''program to display''' '''the digit '''5''' on the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open text editor
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open any '''text editor''' and type the following.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Highlight according to narration:'''

<nowiki>#include <avr/io.h></nowiki>

<nowiki>#include <util/delay.h></nowiki>

<nowiki>#include <stdlib.h></nowiki>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''avr/io.h''' contains all the basic '''libraries''' required to perform the input and output operations.

'''Util slash delay.h '''contains the '''libraries''' for the '''delay function'''.

'''stdlib.h''' contains the '''libraries '''for defining '''variable types '''and other commonly used '''functions'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| typedef uint8_t byte;

<nowiki>#define ClearBit(x,y) x &= ~_BV(y)</nowiki>

<nowiki>#define SetBit(x,y) x |= _BV(y)</nowiki>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''ClearBit(x comma y)''' is equivalent to '''cbi(x comma y)'''. It used to clear the '''yth bit '''of '''PORTx'''.

'''SetBit(x comma y)''' is equivalent to '''sbi(x comma y)'''. It used to set the '''yth bit '''of '''PORTx'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>#define LCD_RS 0</nowiki>

<nowiki>#define LCD_E 1</nowiki>

<nowiki>#define DAT4 2</nowiki>

<nowiki>#define DAT5 3</nowiki>

<nowiki>#define DAT6 4</nowiki>

<nowiki>#define DAT7 5</nowiki>

<nowiki>#define CLEARDISPLAY 0x01</nowiki>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| All the numerical '''pins''' of the '''LCD''' are replaced with the names using '''hash''' '''define.'''

This is done to make the program easier to understand.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| void PulseEnableLine()

{

SetBit (PORTB, LCD_E);

_delay_us(40);

ClearBit(PORTB, LCD_E);

}
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''PulseEnableLine function '''is used to toggle the enable '''pin '''of the '''LCD'''.

'''SetBit''' will set to '''high '''and '''Clearbit''' will set to '''low, '''with a '''delay '''in between.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| void SendNibble(byte data)

{

PORTB &= 0xC3;

if (data & _BV(4)) SetBit(PORTB,DAT4);

if (data & _BV(5)) SetBit(PORTB,DAT5);

if (data & _BV(6)) SetBit(PORTB,DAT6);

if (data & _BV(7)) SetBit(PORTB,DAT7);

PulseEnableLine();

}

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''SendNibble function '''is used to send data of one '''nibble '''to the '''PORTB'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| void SendByte(byte data)

{

SendNibble(data);

SendNibble(data<<4);

ClearBit(PORTB, 5);

}
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''SendByte function''' is used to send data of one '''byte '''to the '''PORTB'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| void LCD_Cmd (byte cmd)

{

ClearBit(PORTB, LCD_RS);

SendByte(cmd);

}
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''LCD underscore Cmd function '''is used to send a '''command '''to the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| void LCD_Char (byte ch)

{

SetBit(PORTB, LCD_RS);

SendByte(ch);

}

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''LCD underscore Char function '''is used to send a '''character data '''to the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| void LCD_Init()

{

LCD_Cmd(0x33);

LCD_Cmd(0x32);

LCD_Cmd(0x28);

LCD_Cmd(0x0C);

LCD_Cmd(0x06);

LCD_Cmd(0x01);

_delay_ms(3);

}

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''LCD underscore Init function '''is used to initialise the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| void LCD_Clear()

{

LCD_Cmd(CLEARDISPLAY);

_delay_ms(3);

}

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''LCD underscore Clear function''' is used to clear the '''display'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| void LCD_Message(const char *text)

{

LCD_Char(*text++);

}
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''LCD underscore Message function''' is used to send a '''string '''of '''data '''to be displayed on the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| void LCD_Integer(int data)

{

char st[8] = "";

itoa(data, st, 10);

LCD_Message(st);

}
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''LCD underscore Integer function '''is used to send an '''integer data '''to the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| int main(void)

{

DDRB = 0xFF;

LCD_Init();

while(1)

{

LCD_Clear();

LCD_Integer(5);

_delay_ms(600);

}

}

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This is the '''main function''' where we pass the value 5 to the '''display.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Text box to display the message.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This code is available in the '''Code files '''link of this tutorial. You can download and use it.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save the file.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| I’ll save the code as '''lcd.c''' file in the '''Downloads''' folder.

Ensure that the '''Makefile''' is also present in the same folder.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the '''terminal'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

> cd /home/spoken/Downloads

> make FNAME = lcd
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Go to the folder where '''lcd.c '''file is saved.

Type, '''make space FNAME in capital <nowiki>= lcd </nowiki>'''and press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight the command
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This '''command''' creates a '''.hex''' file and uploads it to '''Arduino'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output

LCD-Output.jpeg

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now you can see that''' '''the digit 5 is displayed on the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 6:

Assignment
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Pause the tutorial and do the below assignment.

* Modify the above code to display any other digit from 0-9.
* Modify the above code to build a '''counter''' which counts from 0 to 9.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 7:

Summary
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt to:

* Interface a''' LCD''' to''' Arduino''' board and
* Write an '''AVR-GCC''' program to display a digit on '''LCD.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 8:

About Spoken Tutorial project

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 9:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' Team:

* conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.078cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 10:

Forum for specific questions
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.078cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 11:

Acknowledgement

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at

this link.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by '''FOSSEE''' and Spoken Tutorial Project, '''IIT Bombay'''.  

This is '''Priya''' from IIT Bombay signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}

@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 <nowiki>#define SetBit(x,y) x |= _BV(y)</nowiki>
-| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''ClearBit(x comma y)''' is equivalent to '''cbi(x comma y)'''. It used to clear the '''yth bit '''of '''PORTx'''.
+| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''ClearBit(x comma y)''' is equivalent to '''cbi(x comma y)'''. This is used to clear the '''yth bit '''of '''PORTx'''.
-'''SetBit(x comma y)''' is equivalent to '''sbi(x comma y)'''. It used to set the '''yth bit '''of '''PORTx'''.
+'''SetBit(x comma y)''' is equivalent to '''sbi(x comma y)'''. This is used to set the '''yth bit '''of '''PORTx'''.
 |-
@@ Line 325: / Line 325: @@
 | style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now you can see that''' '''the digit 5 is displayed on the '''LCD'''.
 |-
@@ Line 340: / Line 331: @@
 |-
-| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 7:
+| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 6:
 Summary
@@ Line 347: / Line 338: @@
 * Interface a''' LCD''' to''' Arduino''' board and
 * Write an '''AVR-GCC''' program to display a digit on '''LCD.'''
 |-

Arduino/C3/Interfacing-LCD-through-AVR-GCC-programming/English - Revision history

Nancyvarkey at 02:26, 18 April 2018

Nirmala Venkat: Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Vi..."