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Arduino/C3/AVR-GCC-programming-through-Arduino/English - Revision history
2026-05-14T20:55:47Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Arduino/C3/AVR-GCC-programming-through-Arduino/English&diff=42991&oldid=prev
Nirmala Venkat at 12:33, 9 April 2018
2018-04-09T12:33:45Z
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:33, 9 April 2018</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now, you can see that''' '''the '''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dot</del>''' '''LED''' in the '''seven segment''' is blinking.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now, you can see that''' '''the '''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Dot</ins>''' '''LED''' in the '''seven segment''' is blinking.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
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Nirmala Venkat
https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Arduino/C3/AVR-GCC-programming-through-Arduino/English&diff=42987&oldid=prev
Nancyvarkey at 03:57, 9 April 2018
2018-04-09T03:57:37Z
<p></p>
<a href="https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Arduino/C3/AVR-GCC-programming-through-Arduino/English&diff=42987&oldid=42967">Show changes</a>
Nancyvarkey
https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Arduino/C3/AVR-GCC-programming-through-Arduino/English&diff=42967&oldid=prev
Nirmala Venkat: Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Vi..."
2018-04-06T12:07:33Z
<p>Created page with " {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Vi..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div><br />
{| style="border-spacing:0;"<br />
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Visual Cue'''<br />
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Narration'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 1:<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Welcome to the''' Spoken Tutorial''' on''' AVR-GCC programming through Arduino.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 2:<br />
<br />
Learning objectives<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn to:<br />
<br />
* Interface a''' seven segment display''' to''' Arduino''' board.<br />
* Write an''' AVR-GCC''' program to display a digit on '''seven segment display '''and<br />
* Display digits 0 to 9 on the '''seven segment display.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 3:<br />
<br />
Pre-requisites<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should have basic knowledge of :<br />
<br />
* '''Electronics '''<br />
* '''C Programming '''and<br />
* '''AVR-GCC'''<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 4:<br />
<br />
System Requirement<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To record this tutorial, I am using:<br />
<br />
* '''Arduino UNO Board '''and<br />
* '''Ubuntu Linux '''operating system version 14.04<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide:5<br />
<br />
AVR -GCC<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| * '''GCC '''stands for''' GNU Compiler Collection.'''<br />
* It is a '''compiler''' which supports various programming languages.<br />
* '''AVR-GCC '''is a part of '''GCC''' and supports compiling '''C programs''' for '''AVR microcontrollers.'''<br />
* Since '''Arduino''' uses '''ATMEGA328P''', this is a suitable '''compiler'''. <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 5:<br />
<br />
External Devices<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We also require some external devices such as:<br />
<br />
* '''Seven-Segment Display'''<br />
* '''220 ohm Resistor'''<br />
* '''Breadboard'''<br />
* '''Arduino UNO Board'''<br />
* '''Jumper Wires'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the image: ssd.png<br />
<br />
Seven-segment display<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the image:<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this experiment we will be using the '''common anode seven-segment display.'''<br />
<br />
Please refer to the basic level tutorials of this series to know more about '''Seven segment display'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Refer the pin mapping for '''Arduino''' and '''microcontroller'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the circuit connection(image)<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Do the circuit connection as shown here.<br />
<br />
The '''Dot''' pin of the '''Seven Segment Display''' is connected to the '''pin 13''' of the '''Arduino'''. <br />
<br />
Any one of the '''common''' pins is connected to the '''+5V''' through a '''resistor'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the real connection<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This is the live setup of the connection.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the Dot in the diagram<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now we will write an '''AVR-GCC program''' to blink the '''Dot LED''' on the '''seven segment display'''.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide: '''Software Setup'''<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| * We need to install '''AVR-GCC assembler''' and a '''AVR-LIBC library'''.<br />
<br />
* '''AVR-GCC''' will generate a '''hex''' file and upload it to '''Arduino board'''.<br />
<br />
* '''AVR-LIBC '''contains the required '''library files''' that can be used in the program.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Press '''Ctrl + Alt + T''' keys<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open the '''terminal''' by pressing '''Ctrl + Alt + T''' keys together.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type<br />
<br />
> '''sudo apt-get install avr-libc gcc-avr '''<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,<br />
<br />
'''sudo space apt hyphen get space install space avr-libc space gcc-avr '''<br />
<br />
And press '''Enter'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Enter the '''administrative '''password if prompted and press '''Enter.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Press ‘Y’<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can see the installation process has begun.<br />
<br />
Press ''''Y'''' wherever there is a prompt during installation to confirm the configuration.<br />
<br />
Installation will take some time to complete depending upon the internet speed.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the prompt<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can see that the installation has been completed successfully.<br />
<br />
Let me clear the terminal.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now let us connect the''' Arduino board''' to the computer.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Installing AVRA<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To check the '''port number '''of '''Arduino''', I'll type <br />
<br />
'''ls space forwardslash dev forwardslash ttyACM asterisk'''<br />
<br />
and press enter.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight '''ttyACM0'''<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can see the output as shown.<br />
<br />
Here''' ttyACM0''' represents the '''port number '''of '''Arduino'''.<br />
<br />
You may get a different '''port number'''. Make a note of your '''port number'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 6:<br />
<br />
Make file for ATmega328P<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Download the file '''Makefile '''from the '''Code files''' link of this tutorial. <br />
<br />
'''Makefile''' enables us to create a '''.hex''' file and upload it to '''Arduino'''.<br />
<br />
Save the '''Makefile''' in the folder where you will be saving the '''C''' program.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us write the''' avr-gcc''' program to blink the '''Dot''' '''LED''' and upload it to the '''microcontroller'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open text editor<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open any text editor and type the following.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Highlight according to narration:'''<br />
<br />
// include library files<br />
<br />
<nowiki>#include </nowiki><avr/io.h><br />
<br />
<nowiki>#include <util/delay.h> </nowiki><br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In the first line, we have to include the '''libraries''' required for our program.<br />
<br />
'''avr/io.h''' contains all the basic '''libraries''' required to perform the input and output operations.<br />
<br />
'''util/delay.h''' contains the '''libraries''' for the '''delay function.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| // Turns LED on and off<br />
<br />
int main (void)<br />
<br />
{<br />
<br />
DDRB |= ((1 << DDB5));<br />
<br />
while(1)<br />
<br />
{<br />
<br />
PORTB = ((0 << PB5));<br />
<br />
_delay_ms (1000L); <br />
<br />
PORTB = ((1 << PB5));<br />
<br />
_delay_ms (1000L); <br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
}<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Arduino board''' has an LED at PB5. <br />
<br />
Set '''PB5''', that is '''pin 13 '''of '''Arduino '''as output.<br />
<br />
Sending 0 to '''PB5''' turns '''on''' the '''LED.'''<br />
<br />
Sending 1 to '''PB5''' turns '''off''' the '''LED'''.<br />
<br />
These two steps are run in an infinite '''while loop''' making the '''LED''' blink.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Textbox for the narration<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Source code that are used in this tutorial are available in the '''Code Files''' link of this tutorial. <br />
<br />
You can download and use it.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save the file<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| I’ll save the code as '''dot hyphen blink.c''' in the '''Downloads''' folder.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the terminal.<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the '''terminal'''.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,<br />
<br />
> cd /home/spoken/Downloads<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Go to the '''Downloads''' folder where '''dot hyphen blink.c '''file is saved.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| > make FNAME = onoff<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type, '''make space FNAMEin capital <nowiki>=dot </nowiki>hyphen blink '''and press '''Enter'''.<br />
This '''command''' creates a '''.hex''' file and uploads it to the '''Arduino'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now, you can see that''' '''the '''dot''' '''LED''' in the '''seven segment''' is blinking.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Next, we will display '''digit 2''' on the '''seven segment display.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the diagram<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To display '2', '''a''','''b,d,e,g segments '''should be high and the other '''LEDS''' should be low.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| show the connection (Two.jpg)<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Pins a, b, c, d, e, f '''and''' g '''of the '''seven segment display''' are connected to '''pins 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7''' and '''8''' of the '''Arduino''' respectively.<br />
<br />
The common '''pin''' is connected to '''+5Volts''' through '''resistor'''.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us see the live connection setup.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us see the source code for this program.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open any text editor and type the following code. <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Highlight according to narration:'''<br />
// Prints decimal number 2<br />
<br />
<nowiki>#include </nowiki><avr/io.h><br />
<br />
<nowiki>#include <util/delay.h></nowiki><br />
int main (void)<br />
<br />
{<br />
<br />
DDRD |= 0xFC;<br />
<br />
DDRB |= ((1 << DDB0));<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The first two lines of the code in the '''main function''' set '''pins 2 '''to '''8 '''as '''output pins.'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| while(1)<br />
<br />
{<br />
<br />
PORTB = ((0 << PB0));<br />
<br />
PORTD = 0b10010000;<br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
}<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The codes inside the '''while loop '''are used to control the state of the respective '''LEDs'''.<br />
<br />
Sending 0 will cause the '''LED''' to glow and sending 1 will turn it off.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save the file<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save it as '''two.c '''file.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch back to the '''terminal'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type, '''make space FNAME in capital = two''' and press '''Enter'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now you can see that''' '''the digit two in the seven segment is glowing.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 7:<br />
<br />
Assignment 1<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Pause the tutorial and do the below assignment.<br />
<br />
* Modify the above code to display any other '''digit''' from '''0 '''to''' 9'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Next, we will display the numbers 0 to 9 on the '''Seven Segment Display'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the setup <br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Setup remains the same.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us see the source code for this program.<br />
<br />
Open any text editor and type the following code.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Highlight according to narration:'''<br />
<br />
// Prints decimal numbers from 0 to 9<br />
<br />
<nowiki>#include </nowiki><avr/io.h><br />
<br />
<nowiki>#include <util/delay.h></nowiki><br />
<br />
<br />
void sevenseg(int);<br />
<br />
int main (void)<br />
<br />
{<br />
<br />
DDRD |= 0xFC;<br />
<br />
DDRB |= ((1 << DDB0));<br />
<br />
while(1)<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| {<br />
<br />
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)<br />
<br />
{<br />
<br />
sevenseg(i);<br />
<br />
_delay_ms (1000L); <br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''for loop''' is used to count from 0 to 9. <br />
<br />
<br />
Each time, the variable ‘''' i ‘ '''is incremented by one and the value is passed to '''sevenseg function'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| void sevenseg(int dec)<br />
<br />
{<br />
<br />
switch(dec)<br />
<br />
{<br />
<br />
case 0: <br />
<br />
PORTB = ((1 << 0));<br />
<br />
PORTD = 0b00000000;<br />
<br />
break;<br />
<br />
case 1: <br />
<br />
PORTB = ((1 << 0));<br />
<br />
PORTD = 0b11100100;<br />
<br />
break;<br />
case 2: <br />
<br />
PORTB = ((0 << 0));<br />
<br />
PORTD = 0b10010000;<br />
<br />
break;<br />
<br />
<br />
case 3: <br />
<br />
PORTB = ((0 << 0));<br />
<br />
PORTD = 0b11000000;<br />
<br />
break;<br />
<br />
<br />
case 4: <br />
<br />
PORTB = ((0 << 0));<br />
<br />
PORTD = 0b01100100;<br />
<br />
break;<br />
<br />
<br />
case 5: <br />
<br />
PORTB = ((0 << 0));<br />
<br />
PORTD = 0b01001000;<br />
<br />
break;<br />
<br />
<br />
case 6: <br />
<br />
PORTB = ((0 << 0));<br />
<br />
PORTD = 0b00001000;<br />
<br />
break;<br />
<br />
<br />
case 7: <br />
<br />
PORTB = ((1 << 0));<br />
<br />
PORTD = 0b11100000;<br />
<br />
break;<br />
<br />
<br />
case 8: <br />
<br />
PORTB = ((0 << 0));<br />
<br />
PORTD = 0b00000000;<br />
<br />
break;<br />
<br />
<br />
case 9: <br />
<br />
PORTB = ((0 << 0));<br />
<br />
PORTD = 0b01000000;<br />
<br />
break;<br />
<br />
default: <br />
<br />
PORTB = ((1 << 0));<br />
<br />
PORTD = 0b00000000;<br />
<br />
break;<br />
<br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
}<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''sevenseg function '''receives an integer ranging from 0 to 9.<br />
<br />
Based on the input, the '''case''' structure is executed.<br />
<br />
Thus displaying the '''digits '''from '''0 '''to '''9'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save the file<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save it as '''counter.c '''file.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch back to the '''terminal'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type, '''make space FNAME in capital = counter''' and press '''Enter'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now we can see the '''digits 0 '''to '''9 '''is displayed in the '''seven segment display'''.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 8:<br />
<br />
Summary<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt to<br />
<br />
* Interface a''' Seven-segment display''' to''' Arduino board '''<br />
* Write an''' AVR-GCC''' program to display a digit on '''seven-segment display '''and<br />
* Display '''digits 0 '''to '''9 '''on the '''Seven segment display.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 9:<br />
<br />
About Spoken Tutorial project<br />
<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.<br />
<br />
Please download and watch it.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 10:<br />
<br />
Spoken Tutorial workshops<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' Team:<br />
<br />
* conducts workshops and gives certificates.<br />
<br />
For more details, please write to us.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.078cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 11:<br />
<br />
Forum for specific questions<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.078cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Please post your timed queries in this forum.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 12:<br />
<br />
Acknowledgement<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.<br />
<br />
More information on this mission is available at<br />
<br />
this link.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, '''IIT Bombay'''. &nbsp;<br />
<br />
This is priya from IIT Bombay.<br />
<br />
Thanks for watching.<br />
<br />
|}</div>
Nirmala Venkat