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		<id>https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Arduino%2FC2%2FElectronic-components-and-connections%2FEnglish</id>
		<title>Arduino/C2/Electronic-components-and-connections/English - Revision history</title>
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		<updated>2026-05-13T23:08:59Z</updated>
		<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Arduino/C2/Electronic-components-and-connections/English&amp;diff=42975&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Nancyvarkey at 17:18, 8 April 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Arduino/C2/Electronic-components-and-connections/English&amp;diff=42975&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2018-04-08T17:18:27Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
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				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:18, 8 April 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 19:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 19:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* '''LED''' on the breadboard&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* '''LED''' on the breadboard&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* '''PushButton''' and&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* '''PushButton''' and&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* '''Seven Segment Display''' on the breadboard&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* '''Seven Segment Display''' on the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;breadboard&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 28:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 28:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| To follow this series, you should have basic knowledge of''' '''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| To follow this series, you should have basic knowledge of''' '''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* '''Electronic components '''such as resistors, push-button, LED, etc.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* '''Electronic components '''such as &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;resistors, push-button, LED&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;'''&lt;/ins&gt;, etc.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Open circuit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Open circuit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Closed circuit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Closed circuit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 89:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 89:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Show the image of LED :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Show the image of LED :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| '''LED '''stands for '''light emitting diode. '''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Next we will learn about '''LED'''.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''LED '''stands for '''light emitting diode. '''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It emits a coloured light when there is a current flowing through it. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It emits a coloured light when there is a current flowing through it. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 381:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 383:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Forum for specific questions&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Forum for specific questions&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.092cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| * Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.092cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Please visit this site &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Please visit this site &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Choose the minute and second where you have the question&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Choose the minute and second where you have the question&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nancyvarkey</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Arduino/C2/Electronic-components-and-connections/English&amp;diff=42956&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Nirmala Venkat: Created page with &quot; {| style=&quot;border-spacing:0;&quot; | style=&quot;background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&quot;| '''Vi...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Arduino/C2/Electronic-components-and-connections/English&amp;diff=42956&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2018-04-05T07:11:08Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot; {| style=&amp;quot;border-spacing:0;&amp;quot; | style=&amp;quot;background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Vi...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| style=&amp;quot;border-spacing:0;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| '''Visual Cue'''&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| '''Narration'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide 1:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Welcome to the''' Spoken Tutorial''' on''' ''' '''Electronic components and connections.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide 2:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Learning objectives&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| In this tutorial, we will learn how to use the:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Breadboard''' and its internal connections&lt;br /&gt;
* '''LED''' on the breadboard&lt;br /&gt;
* '''PushButton''' and&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Seven Segment Display''' on the breadboard&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide 3:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pre-requisites&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| To follow this series, you should have basic knowledge of''' '''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Electronic components '''such as resistors, push-button, LED, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* Open circuit&lt;br /&gt;
* Closed circuit&lt;br /&gt;
* Serial and parallel connections&lt;br /&gt;
* Batteries&lt;br /&gt;
* Positive and Negative voltage&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide 4:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Components Required&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| This tutorial is recorded using the following components:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Breadboard'''&lt;br /&gt;
* '''LED or Tri Colour LED'''&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Push Button'''&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Resistor '''&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Seven Segment Display'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Show the image:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Breadboard &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| This is what the '''breadboard''' looks like. &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide:5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Breadboard&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| A '''breadboard''' is a device for holding the components of a circuit, and connecting them together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We can build an electronic circuit on a '''breadboard''' without doing any soldering.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide: 6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Show the image (Breadboard2.jpg) :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Point to the image according to narration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Breadboard with internal wiring&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| The top two rails and bottom two rails are called '''power rails'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The top row of holes are all connected together, and are marked here with red dots and blue dots.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note that the connection breaks in the middle of the '''breadboard'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the middle, the columns of wires are connected together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, all the green holes marked are connected together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But they are not connected to the yellow holes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide:7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LED&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Show the image of LED :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| '''LED '''stands for '''light emitting diode. '''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It emits a coloured light when there is a current flowing through it. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Show the image of LED internal (LED2.png):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| An '''LED''' has two '''leads''', namely '''anode''' and '''cathode'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The longer '''lead''' is the '''anode'''. It should be connected to the '''positive voltage.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The shorter '''lead '''is the '''cathode'''. It should be connected to the '''ground'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide:8&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tri-color LED &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Show the image of Tri-color LED:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| '''Tri-color LED''' is an advanced version of '''LED''' which emits three different colours.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It has 4 pins.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The longest '''lead''' is called the '''common lead.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The remaining three '''pins '''are for the red, green and blue colour '''LEDs'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are two types of '''tri-color LEDs, common anode '''and '''common cathode.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In '''common anode '''version, the '''common lead '''should be connected to the '''positive voltage.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In '''common cathode''' version, the '''common lead''' should be connected to the '''ground.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Next we will learn about '''Resistor'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide:9&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Resistor&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Show the image of Resistor (Resistor1.png):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| A '''resistor''' is used to limit the current flowing in the circuit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Now, let’s build a simple circuit using an '''LED''', a '''resistor''' and a '''breadboard'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide :10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LED Connection (LED_running.png)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Point to the image as per narration:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Show the image of LED connections:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| The image shows the proper connections.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Positive''' of the''' 9 volt battery''' is connected to the second rail.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Negative''' of the '''9 volt battery '''is connected to the 1st rail.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Anode''' (i.e Right '''lead''') of the '''LED,''' is connected to the 2nd rail of the '''breadboard''' through a '''resistor'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cathode''' (i.e Left '''lead''') of the '''LED,''' is connected to the 1st rail of the '''breadboard'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| This is the live setup of the '''LED '''connections.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| You can see that the '''LED''' is glowing, because the connections we used are proper. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Now, we’ll see the common mistakes people make when using '''breadboard''' to make connections.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide:11&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mistake 1 (LED_mis1.png)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(legs are not connected)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Show the image of LED connections:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| In this connection, the '''LED''' doesn’t glow, because the connections are not proper.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The '''resistor''' and '''LED''' are placed beside each other.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The holes in the '''breadboard''' except the '''power rails''' are connected column-wise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, there’s no connection between the '''anode''' of the '''LED''' and the '''resistor lead'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This makes the '''LED''' isolated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| SLIDE:12Mistake 2 (LED_mis2.png)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(reverse connection)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Show the image:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| In the next connection, the '''cathode '''of the '''LED '''is connected to the 2nd '''rail'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The '''anode '''of the '''LED '''is connected to the 1st rail through the '''resistor'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The connections in this circuit are the reverse of what it should be. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That’s why the '''LED '''doesn’t glow.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Next we will learn about the '''push button.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide:13&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Push Button (PB1.jpg)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Show the image of Pushbutton:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide:14&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Push Button&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| A '''push button''' is a simple '''switch''' mechanism, that connects two points in a circuit when pressed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Push button''' usually comes with four legs.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Show the image of Push Button Internal:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(PB2.jpg)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Irrespective of the position of the '''switch''', legs A and C are always connected. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Similarly legs B and D are always connected. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the '''switch''' is pressed all the four legs are connected to each other.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Now let us add a '''push button''' to the previous circuit and use it to change the state of the '''LED'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide:15&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Push Button (PB_correct.png)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Show the image of Push button connection:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| The image shows the proper connections.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The '''LED anode '''is connected to the 2nd '''power rail''' i.e., positive voltage through a '''resistor''' and a '''push button.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Let us see the live setup connection.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| When the '''push button''' is pressed, the '''LED''' glows as expected.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| SLIDE:16&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alternate proper connection&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Show the image: (PB_correct1.png)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| As there are 4 legs in the '''push button''', the circuit can be built in another way, as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Instead of using the leg '''B''' of the '''push button''', we are using the leg '''D'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since they are internally connected to each other, the '''LED''' glows when the '''push button''' is pressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Next, we’ll see the common mistakes people make while using '''push buttons.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide:17 -&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pushbutton- Mistake 1 (PB_mis1.png)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Show the image:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Look at this image.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The '''anode''' of the '''LED''' is connected to the 2nd '''power rail,''' through legs '''A '''and '''C '''of the '''push button.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recall that the legs '''A''' and '''C '''of the '''push button''' are internally connected.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hence the '''anode''' of the '''LED''' is always connected to 2nd '''power rail,''' irrespective of the '''push button'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The '''LED '''always glows in this circuit, even when the '''push button''' is '''OFF'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Show the image: (SSD1.png)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Let’s now move on to the '''seven-segment display'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| SLIDE:18&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seven Segment Display&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| The '''seven-segment display''' has seven&amp;amp;nbsp;'''LEDs''' arranged in the shape of number eight.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are two types of '''seven-segment displays:'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''common anode''' and &lt;br /&gt;
* '''common cathode seven segment display.'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Show the image: (SSD2.gif)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| In a '''common cathode seven-segment display''', '''pins a, b, c, d, e, f, g '''and '''dot '''must be connected to '''+5V.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The two '''COM pins '''must be connected to '''ground (GND). '''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The '''common anode display '''is the exact opposite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here '''pins a, b, c, d, e, f, g '''and '''dot '''must be connected to '''ground.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And the two '''COM pins '''must be connected to '''+5V.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Now, let us see how to connect a '''seven-segment display''' on the '''breadboard '''and glow all the '''LEDs'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Show the image: (SSD_correct.png)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| The '''seven-segment display '''used here in the image is a '''common anode'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, the '''common '''is connected to the 2nd '''power rail''' through a '''resistor.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''LED pins a, b, c, d, e, f, g, dot '''are connected to the 1st '''power rail'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the connection is proper, we will see that all the '''LEDs '''are glowing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Let us see the live setup connection.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| We can see all the segments in the seven segment display is glowing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide 19:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Summary&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| In this tutorial, we learnt about&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Breadboard''' and its internal connections&lt;br /&gt;
* '''LED''' on the breadboard&lt;br /&gt;
* '''PushButton''' and&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Seven Segment Display''' on the breadboard&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide 20:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About Spoken Tutorial project&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please download and watch it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide 21:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Spoken Tutorial workshops&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' Team:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* conducts workshops and&lt;br /&gt;
* gives certificates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more details, please write to us.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.092cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide 22:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Forum for specific questions&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.092cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| * Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?&lt;br /&gt;
* Please visit this site &lt;br /&gt;
* Choose the minute and second where you have the question&lt;br /&gt;
* Explain your question briefly&lt;br /&gt;
* Someone from our team will answer them&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.092cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide 23:&lt;br /&gt;
Forum for specific questions&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.092cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| * The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial&lt;br /&gt;
* Please do not post unrelated and general questions on them&lt;br /&gt;
* This will help reduce the clutter&lt;br /&gt;
* With less clutter, we can use these discussion as instructional material&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Slide 24:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Acknowledgement&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More information on this mission is available at&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
this link.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;&amp;quot;| This tutorial has been contributed by '''FOSSEE''' and Spoken Tutorial Project, '''IIT Bombay'''. &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thanks for watching.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nirmala Venkat</name></author>	</entry>

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