Ashwini: Created page with ''''Title of script''': Static in C++ '''Author: '''Ashwini Patil '''Keywords: static, Video tutorial.''' {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="background-color:#ffffff;borde…'

2013-05-06T06:50:30Z

Created page with ''''Title of script''': Static in C++ '''Author: '''Ashwini Patil '''Keywords: static, Video tutorial.''' {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="background-color:#ffffff;borde…'

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'''Title of script''': Static in C++

'''Author: '''Ashwini Patil

'''Keywords: static, Video tutorial.'''

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000000;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''static members''' in C++.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Slide 2

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| In this tutorial we will learn,

Static keyowrd.

Static data memeber.

Static member functions.

We will do this with the help of examples.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| To record this tutorial, I am using

'''Ubuntu OS '''version 11.04

'''gcc '''and '''g++ compiler '''v. 4.6.1

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Slide 4
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Let us start with the introduction to '''static'''.

'''Static''' means fixed, which cannot change.

The word justifies its meaning.

If a '''variable''' is defined as '''static, '''it means that it is initialized.

It will remain in the memory till the end of the program.

'''Static variables''' are initialized to zero before the first '''object''' is created.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Slide 5
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| '''Static data memebers'''

Members declared as '''static''' are the '''static data members'''.

The '''keyword''' specifies that the member is shared by all '''instance''' of the '''class.'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Open '''stat.cpp'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Let us see an example.

I have already typed the code on the editor.

I will explain it.

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'''stat.cpp'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Please note that I have saved the file with the name '''stat.cpp'''

Let me explain the code now.

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'''class statex '''

'''{ '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| This is a '''class''' named '''statex.'''

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'''private: '''

'''int x; '''

'''public: '''

'''static int sum; '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Here, we have declared''' x '''as''' non-static '''and''' sum '''as''' static '''variable'''.'''

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'''static int sum; '''

'''statex() '''

'''{ '''

'''sum++; '''

'''x=sum; '''

'''}'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Function '''statex '''is '''public function.'''

In this we have incremented''' sum.'''

Then value of''' sum '''is stored in''' x.'''

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'''static void stat() '''

'''{ '''

'''<nowiki>cout << "Result is: " << sum<<"\n"; </nowiki>'''

'''}'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Here we have '''static function''' '''stat.'''

We print the''' sum.'''

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'''void number() '''

'''{ '''

'''<nowiki>cout << "Number is: " << x<<"\n"; </nowiki>'''

'''}'''

'''};'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Then we have '''number function.'''

We print the''' x '''here.

Then class is closed.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Highlight

'''int statex::sum=0;'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| To declare the '''static variable''' globally we use scope resolution operator.

To access a''' static variable '''we write as:''' '''

'''datatype classname::static var name.'''

Now the storage is allocated to variable '''sum'''.

It is initialized to '''0'''.

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'''int main()'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| This is our '''main function.'''

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'''statex o1;'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Here '''o1''' are the object of class '''statex.'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| '''statex::stat();'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| '''Static''' function stat is accessed here.

Using the '''class''' name and scope resolution operator.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| '''statex o2,o3; '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| We have '''o2''', '''o3''' and '''o4''' objects of '''class statex.'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| '''o2.number(); '''

'''o3.number();'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Now we call the '''number''' function using object '''o1, o2, o3''' and '''o4.'''

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'''return 0;'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| This is the '''return''' statement.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Click on save
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Now Click on '''Save.'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Let us execute.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Open the terminal

'''Ctrl, Alt and T '''keys simultaneously
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Please open the terminal by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt and T '''keys simultaneously

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'''g++ stat.cpp -o st'''

To execute

Type

'''./st'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| To compile the program type

'''g++ stat.cpp -o st'''

To execute

Type

'''./st'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Highlight

'''Output'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Here we see,

'''Result is: 1 '''

'''Number is: 2 '''

'''Number is: 3 '''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Highlight

'''Output'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| '''Let me explain the output now:'''

First the value of''' sum '''is''' 1. '''

Then '''sum''' is incemented now the value is''' 2.'''

Like this it is incremented till '''3.'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| On the editor

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Let us go back to our program.

Now i will create one more object of '''class''' '''statex''' as '''o5.'''

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'''statex o5;'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Type''' statex o5;'''

Now click on save and let us execute and see.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| On the terminal
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Come back to the terminal.

Compile and execute as before.

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Output
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| '''Result is: 2'''

'''Number is: 3 '''

'''Number is: 4 '''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Switch back to the slides
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us come back to the slides.

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Summary
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| In this tutorial, we have seen,

'''static keyword.'''

'''Static data member.'''

'''Static function.'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Slide 6

Assignment
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| As an assignment

Create a class that declares a '''static variable.'''

Decrement the variable.

And print the value.

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About the Spoken Tutorial Project
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Watch the video available at the link shown

It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Slide 9

Spoken Tutorial Workshops
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass an online test

For more details, please write to,

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Slide Number 10

Acknowledgement
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project

It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of Indiaabout:startpage

More information on this Mission is available at: [http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro]

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"|
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off

Thank You for joining.

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Advanced-C++/C2/Static-Members/English - Revision history

Ashwini at 11:32, 9 May 2013

Ashwini: Created page with ''''Title of script''': Static in C++ '''Author: '''Ashwini Patil '''Keywords: static, Video tutorial.''' {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="background-color:#ffffff;borde…'