Ashwini: Created page with ''''Title of script''': polymorphism in C++ '''Author: '''Ashwini Patil '''Keywords: polymorphism, virtual members, Video tutorial.''' {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="b…'

2013-05-06T07:17:41Z

Created page with ''''Title of script''': polymorphism in C++ '''Author: '''Ashwini Patil '''Keywords: polymorphism, virtual members, Video tutorial.''' {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="b…'

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'''Title of script''': polymorphism in C++

'''Author: '''Ashwini Patil

'''Keywords: polymorphism, virtual members, Video tutorial.'''

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000000;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Polymorphism '''in''' C++'''.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| In this tutorial we will learn,

'''Polymorphism.'''

'''Virtual members.'''

We will do this with the help of examples.

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'''Ubuntu OS '''version 11.04

'''gcc '''and '''g++ compiler '''v. 4.6.1

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Slide 4
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Let us start with the introduction to '''polymorphism.'''

'''Polymorphism '''is the ability of an entity to take different forms.

It is the mechanism to use a '''function with same name''' in different ways.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Slide 5
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| '''Virtual''' function is the member function of a class.

It can be overriden in its '''derived class.'''

It is declared with '''virtual keyword'''.

'''Virtual function''' call is resolved at '''run-time.'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Open the file '''virtual.cpp'''

Point the cursor to the file name
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Let us see an example on '''virtual functions.'''

In this program,

We will calculate the area of a rectangle, parallelogram and traingle.

Using '''virtual''' function.

I have already typed the program on the editor.

Lets go through it.

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'''<nowiki>#include <iostream> </nowiki>'''

'''using namespace std; '''
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Here we are using''' std namespace.'''

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'''class Parallelogram'''

'''protected: '''

'''int width, height, ar;'''

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Then we have''' width, height '''and''' ar '''as variables.

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'''public: '''

'''void set_values (int a, int b)'''

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We have passed two '''arguments '''as''' int a '''and''' int b.'''

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'''virtual int area () '''

'''{ '''

'''ar=width*height; '''

'''<nowiki>cout<< "Area of parallelogram is "<< ar<<"\n"; </nowiki>'''

'''}'''

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Here we calculate the area of the''' '''parallelogram.

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'''class Rectangle: public Parallelogram '''

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'''int area () '''

'''{ '''

'''ar=width * height; '''

'''<nowiki>cout<< "Area of rectangle is "<<ar <<"\n"; </nowiki>'''

'''}'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| In this we calculate the area of the rectangle.

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'''class Triangle: public Parallelogram'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Now we have '''triangle''' as '''derived class.'''

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'''int area () '''

'''{ '''

'''ar=width * height / 2; '''

'''<nowiki>cout<< "Area of triangle is "<< ar<<"\n"; </nowiki>'''

'''}'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Here we calculate the area of the triangle.

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'''int main() '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| This is our''' main function.'''

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'''Parallelogram *parallel, p; '''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Then we create an''' object '''of''' class parallelogram.'''

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'''<nowiki>*parallel, p;</nowiki>'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| '''<nowiki>*parallel</nowiki>''' is the '''pointer''' to '''class''' '''parallelogram.'''

This is called as''' Base pointer.'''

'''p '''is the''' object '''of''' class parallelogram.'''

'''Pointer '''of''' base class '''can point to the''' object '''of the''' derived class.'''

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'''Rectangle rect;'''

'''Triangle trgl;'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| '''Rect''' is the '''object''' of '''class''' '''Rectangle.'''

And '''trgl''' is the''' object '''of''' class Triangle.'''

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'''parallel=&p;'''

'''parallel->set_values(3,2); '''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| '''Parallel is assigned to the address of p.'''

Here we pass''' arguments '''as''' 3 '''and''' 2.'''

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'''parallel->area();'''

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'''parallel=&rect; '''

'''parallel->set_values(4,5); '''

'''parallel->area(); '''

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We pass '''arguments '''as''' 4 '''and''' 5.'''

Again we call the''' function area.'''

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'''parallel=&trgl; '''

'''parallel->set_values(6,5); '''

'''parallel->area(); '''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| '''Now, Parallel is assigned to the address of trgl'''

We pass '''arguments '''as''' 6 '''and''' 5.'''

Then we call''' area function.'''

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'''return 0;'''
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Click on save
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Now Click on '''Save'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Let us execute

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'''Ctrl, Alt and T '''keys simultaneously
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'''g++ virtual.cpp -o virtual'''

To execute

Type

'''./virtual'''
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'''g++ virtual.cpp -o virtual'''

To execute

Type

'''./virtual'''

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'''Output'''
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'''Area of parallelogram is 6 '''

'''Area of rectangle is 20 '''

'''Area of triangle is 15'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us come back to the slides.

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Summary
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| In this tutorial, we have seen,

Polymorphism.

Virtual function.

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Assignment
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Calculate the perimeter of rectangle, square and triangle.

Create perimeter as a virtual function.

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About the Spoken Tutorial Project
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Watch the video available at the link shown

It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Slide 9

Spoken Tutorial Workshops
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass an online test

For more details, please write to,

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Slide Number 10

Acknowledgement
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project

It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of Indiaabout:startpage

More information on this Mission is available at: [http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro]

|-
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off

Thank You for joining.

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Advanced-C++/C2/Polymorphism/English - Revision history

Ashwini at 19:10, 9 May 2013

Ashwini: Created page with ''''Title of script''': polymorphism in C++ '''Author: '''Ashwini Patil '''Keywords: polymorphism, virtual members, Video tutorial.''' {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="b…'