Ashwini: Created page with ''''Title of script''': Abstract class and pure virtual function in C++ '''Author: '''Ashwini Patil '''Keywords: abstract class, pure virtual function, Video tutorial.''' {| …'

2013-05-06T07:39:39Z

Created page with ''''Title of script''': Abstract class and pure virtual function in C++ '''Author: '''Ashwini Patil '''Keywords: abstract class, pure virtual function, Video tutorial.''' {| …'

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'''Title of script''': Abstract class and pure virtual function in C++

'''Author: '''Ashwini Patil

'''Keywords: abstract class, pure virtual function, Video tutorial.'''

{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000000;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''abstract class and pure virtual function''' in '''C++.'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| In this tutorial we will learn,

Abstract Classes

Pure virtual function

We will do this with the help of an example.

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'''Ubuntu OS '''version 11.04

'''g++ compiler '''v. 4.6.1

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| '''Abstract class '''is used as a base class.

It contains one '''pure virtual function.'''

We cannot create an instance of '''abstract class.'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| A '''pure virtual function''' is a function with no body.

It is not defined in the base class.

It is declared as follows:

virtual void virtualfunname()=0;

A derived class must override the function.

Otherwise will give an error.

It is upto a derived class to implement the function.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Let us look at an example

This example involves addition and subtraction of two numbers.

I have already typed the code on the editor.

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'''abstract.cpp'''
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Let me explain the code now.

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'''<nowiki>#include<iostream></nowiki>'''
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'''using namespace std;'''
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'''class abstractinterface'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| This is declaration for a '''class''' named '''abstractinterface.'''

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'''public:'''
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'''virtual void numbers()=0;'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| In this we have '''pure virtual function''' as '''numbers '''initialized to '''0.'''

This is the declaration for virtual function.

It is defined when it is used.

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'''void input();'''

'''int a, b;'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Then a non-virtual function '''input''' is declared.

And we have '''a''' and '''b''' as integer variables.

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'''void abstractinterface::input()'''

'''{'''

'''<nowiki>cout<< "Enter the numbers\n"; </nowiki>'''

'''cin>>a>>b;'''

'''}'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| In function '''input''' we take the value of '''a''' and '''b''' as user input.

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'''class add : public abstractinterface'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Now we create a''' derived class '''as''' add.'''

It inherits the''' base class abstractinterface.'''

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'''public: '''

'''void numbers() '''

'''{ '''

'''int sum; '''

'''sum=a+b; '''

'''<nowiki>cout<<"sum is "<<sum<<"\n"; </nowiki>'''

'''}'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Now we have '''function numbers'''

In this we add the values''' of a '''and''' b.'''

And print the sum.

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'''class sub : public abstractinterface '''

'''{ '''

'''public: '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Here we create another '''derived class''' '''sub.'''

This also inherits the''' base class abstractinterface.'''

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'''void numbers() '''

'''{ '''

'''int diff; '''

'''diff=a-b; '''

'''<nowiki>cout<<"diff is "<<diff<<"\n"; </nowiki>'''

'''}'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Then we have '''numbers''' function.

This calculates the difference of two numbers.

And prints the result.

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'''int main()'''
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'''add obj1; '''

'''obj1.input(); '''

'''obj1.numbers();'''
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Then we call function''' input '''and''' numbers '''using object''' obj1.'''

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'''sub obj2; '''

'''obj2.input(); '''

'''obj2.numbers();'''
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And we call the''' input '''and''' numbers function '''using object''' obj2.'''

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'''return 0;'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| This is the '''return''' statement.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Now Click on '''Save'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Let us execute

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'''Ctrl, Alt and T'''keys simultaneously
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Open the terminal by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt and T '''keys simultaneously

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'''g++ abstract.cpp -o abs'''

To execute

Type

'''./abs'''
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'''g++ abstract.cpp -o abs'''

To execute type

'''./abs'''

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'''Output'''
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Enter the numbers

I will enter as 12

4

The output is displayed as '''16'''

Enter the numbers

I will enter as

9

3

The output is displayed as '''6'''

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Let us move back to slides.

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Summary
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| In this tutorial we have seen

'''Abstract class'''

eg. class abstractinterface

'''Pure virtual function'''

eg. virtual void numbers()=0;

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Assignment
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Create an abstract class '''student.'''

Create a pure virtual function as '''Info'''

Accept the '''name''' and '''roll no''' of the student in the function.

Create two derived class '''marks''' and '''sports'''.

In marks accept marks of three subjects.

In sports enter marks scored in '''sports.'''

Calculate the '''total marks.'''

Then create another derived class '''result.'''

In this display the''' name, roll-no, total marks''' of the student.

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About the Spoken Tutorial Project
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Watch the video available at the link shown

It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Slide 9

Spoken Tutorial Workshops
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass an online test

For more details, please write to,

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:0.25pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Slide Number 10

Acknowledgement
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project

It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India

More information on this Mission is available at: [http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro]

|-
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off

Thank You for joining.

|}

Advanced-C++/C2/Abstract-Class/English - Revision history

Nancyvarkey at 18:10, 12 December 2013

Ashwini at 04:42, 10 May 2013

Ashwini: Created page with ''''Title of script''': Abstract class and pure virtual function in C++ '''Author: '''Ashwini Patil '''Keywords: abstract class, pure virtual function, Video tutorial.''' {| …'