https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/api.php?days=14&limit=50&action=feedrecentchanges&feedformat=atomScript | Spoken-Tutorial - Recent changes [en]2024-03-29T10:54:38ZTrack the most recent changes to the wiki in this feed.MediaWiki 1.23.17https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Ns-3-Network-Simulator/C3/Creating-TCP/UDP-flow-with-Star-Topology/English&diff=56525&oldid=56516Ns-3-Network-Simulator/C3/Creating-TCP/UDP-flow-with-Star-Topology/English2024-03-26T07:45:04Z<p></p>
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<a href="https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Ns-3-Network-Simulator/C3/Dynamic-Routing-Protocol/English&diff=56523&oldid=56515">Show changes</a>Madhurighttps://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Mastering-Communication/C2/The-Power-of-Storytelling/English&diff=56520&oldid=56518Mastering-Communication/C2/The-Power-of-Storytelling/English2024-03-20T06:04:42Z<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:04, 20 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>And make a collage of all the three images and transition to an equal to symbol sign with a text box saying ‘messages’.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>And make a collage of all the three images and transition to an equal to symbol sign with a text box saying ‘messages’.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Are you now wondering where storytelling can be <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">useful</del>?  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Are you now wondering where storytelling can be <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">used</ins>?  </div></td></tr>
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</table>Madhurighttps://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Mastering-Communication/C2/Narrating-a-story-in-PAR-format/English&diff=56519&oldid=0Mastering-Communication/C2/Narrating-a-story-in-PAR-format/English2024-03-19T17:23:53Z<p>Created page with " Approximate duration of the tutorial: Title of the script: '''Narrating a story in PAR format''' Author: Saisudha Sugavanam Illustrations by: Rohit Bhasi Keywords: s..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div><br />
<br />
<br />
Approximate duration of the tutorial: <br />
<br />
Title of the script: '''Narrating a story in PAR format'''<br />
<br />
Author: Saisudha Sugavanam<br />
<br />
Illustrations by: Rohit Bhasi<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Keywords: storytelling, storytelling for effective communication, storytelling for job interviews, storytelling for imagination, storytelling for better recall, PAR for storytelling, story narration using PAR format, video tutorial, spoken tutorial.<br />
<br />
<br />
{| border=1<br />
<br />
|| '''Visual Cue'''<br />
|| '''Narration'''<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 1:'''<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Narrating a story in PAR format'''<br />
|| Welcome to this '''Spoken Tutorial''' on '''How to narrate a story in PAR format.'''<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 2:'''<br />
<br />
'''What are we going to learn?'''<br />
|| You remember, in the previous tutorial, we looked at PAR briefly. <br />
<br />
It stands for Problem, Action, and Result.<br />
|- <br />
|| Show a college boy with a notebook in his hand and with a puzzled look<br />
<br />
<br />
(on right side of present scene adding text “Use of PAR format” <br />
|| Imagine someone is asking you a question.<br />
<br />
It could be your friends or parents or your interviewers in a job interview. <br />
<br />
<br />
Can we use the PAR format of storytelling to answer the question?<br />
<br />
Let's figure it out in this tutorial.<br />
|- <br />
|| “Animated circle with number 1”<br />
<br />
<br />
Introduce a thought bubble to the boy’s image and in the thought bubble show<br />
|| There are four steps to writing a story in the''' PAR format. '''<br />
<br />
Let's understand them one by one<br />
<br />
The first step in storytelling is to know who you are telling the story to.<br />
<br />
We call them the target audience.<br />
|- <br />
|| The same boy talking to a couple of friends<br />
|| Your target audience could be your friends<br />
|- <br />
|| The same boy talking to his parents<br />
|| Or your parents<br />
|- <br />
|| The same boy talking to his interviewers<br />
|| Or your interviewers.<br />
|- <br />
|| on right side of present scene adding text “Target audience”<br />
|| In general, it's anyone who has asked you the question.<br />
|- <br />
|| “Animated circle with number 2”<br />
<br />
Show friends and in the thought bubble have our young protagonist joyfully riding a cycle or spinning a top<br />
|| The 2nd step is to understand what information they are looking for from you.<br />
<br />
Do your friends want to hear about an event that got you into trouble as a kid? <br />
<br />
Or <br />
|- <br />
|| Show parents and in the thought bubble show the protagonist walking into a college<br />
|| Do your parents want to hear about an event you organized in college?<br />
<br />
Or<br />
|- <br />
|| Show interviewers and in a thought bubble show the progranist in an office set up <br />
|| Do your interviewers want to hear about your skills that would benefit the company?<br />
|- <br />
|| Zoom to boy’s face with paying attention expression<br />
|| Paying attention to the question will help you understand what they are looking for. <br />
<br />
If the question is not entirely clear to you, ask for clarifications.<br />
|- <br />
|| <br />
<br />
Make a gender neutral image with a thinking gesture. The thought bubble should have a question mark. <br />
|| Think of a question someone asked you? <br />
<br />
<br />
Do you remember who that person is and the information they were looking for?<br />
|- <br />
|| Change the expression of the thinking person to a smiling face and have a glowing bulb image in the thought bubble.<br />
|| Great.<br />
<br />
You now know what a target audience is. <br />
<br />
Keep in mind target audience can be a person or a group of people.<br />
|- <br />
|| “Animated circle with number 3”<br />
<br />
<br />
Show stories as text<br />
<br />
<br />
Then transition the text to a collage of images like a child playing with friends, a young person walking into a college, talking in front of an audience<br />
|| Let’s look at''' '''the third step <br />
<br />
<br />
The third step is to think about what you want to say. <br />
<br />
<br />
Stories are a great way to connect<br />
<br />
<br />
Remember, this is about saying in a way that connects with the target audience.<br />
|- <br />
|| <br />
|| But have you ever wondered what these stories are? <br />
<br />
<br />
They are nothing but experiences. <br />
<br />
<br />
They can be your own experiences or the experiences of others. <br />
|- <br />
|| “Animated circle with number 4”<br />
<br />
<br />
Showing a young woman, Smitha, sitting in front of an interview panel.<br />
<br />
Show interviewers asking questions to her.<br />
|| Now lets see the fourth step and the final step. <br />
<br />
How to structure and present your experience in the PAR format. <br />
<br />
For that, I’m going to tell you about a final year college student, Smitha. She is attending her job interview. <br />
<br />
In the interview the interviewers tell her that the role requires multitasking. <br />
<br />
They want her to share her experience of handling multiple tasks at the same time. <br />
<br />
They wanted to know what challenges she faced.<br />
<br />
How she handled them<br />
<br />
And if she managed to complete the tasks.<br />
|- <br />
|| Smitha thinks.<br />
|| Smitha thought for a while and then structured her thoughts like this.<br />
<br />
Who is the target audience: My interviewers<br />
<br />
What information are they looking for from me: <br />
<br />
They want to know if I have the ability to multitask. They want to know how I handled challenges I facedThey also want to know if I managed to complete my tasks. <br />
<br />
|- <br />
|| <br />
|| What story should I tell?: Maybe about how I handled my project submission and played the lead role in final year at the same time?<br />
|- <br />
|| <br />
|| She then structured the story in the PAR format of storytelling.<br />
|- <br />
|| Text “ PROBLEM”Smitha has sheets of drama script in left hand, and a heavier academic book in the other hand. There are more academic books around her on the table. <br />
<br />
<br />
There are arc lights and curtains behind her on the left side. <br />
|| What was the problem:<br />
<br />
Both my project work and drama practice needed my time. <br />
<br />
For the project work, I had to know my subject very well. <br />
<br />
To play the lead character in the drama, I had to memorize my dialogues.<br />
<br />
I had to work on my voice modulation and body language<br />
<br />
What if my project team meetings clash with my drama rehearsals? <br />
|- <br />
|| Text “ACTION”<br />
<br />
Divide illustration into four parts as per smitha’s schedule. <br />
<br />
Show her handling both the drama and the project efficiently.<br />
<br />
<br />
Smitha on whatsapp and phone communicating to her teams.<br />
|| What action did I take:<br />
<br />
I created a detailed to-do-task list, outlining specific activities for each day.<br />
<br />
I allocated time slots for various activities. <br />
<br />
I informed both my project mates and drama team about my commitments. <br />
<br />
I made it clear to my project mates that my drama practice would get over by 8pm. I was available for project-related tasks after that. <br />
<br />
This ensured that my project meetings did not clash with my rehearsals. <br />
|- <br />
|| Text “ Result”<br />
<br />
<br />
Smitha is submitting the project with team<br />
<br />
<br />
Drama rehearsal with team<br />
|| What results did I produce?<br />
<br />
<br />
My teammates and I submitted the project on time.<br />
<br />
<br />
During the culturals, my performance in the drama was highly appreciated by the audience<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|- <br />
|| We are back to Smitha at the interview table.<br />
|| I hope this experience showcases my ability to excel in multitasking.<br />
<br />
Do you think Smitha’s story convinced her interviewers about her multitasking ability?<br />
<br />
What smita told her interviewers is available as a script. You can access it by opening the file smita-script.txt available in the code file link.<br />
|- <br />
|| '''-Slide 3:'''<br />
|| Ok, let’s summarize what we learnt in this tutorial?<br />
|- <br />
|| Summary<br />
<br />
<br />
Can we show the summary pictorially? <br />
|| To answer a question in PAR format of story telling, the steps we need to follow are:<br />
<br />
<br />
The first step: <br />
<br />
You need to know who you are telling your story to.<br />
<br />
<br />
The second step:<br />
<br />
You need to understand what information they are looking for.<br />
<br />
<br />
The third step:<br />
<br />
You need to think about the experience you want to share.<br />
<br />
<br />
The fourth step:<br />
<br />
Your experience must communicate the information they are looking for.<br />
<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 4:'''<br />
<br />
<br />
Assignment<br />
|| As an assignment,<br />
<br />
I want you to tell your friends your experience of performing two tasks. Like Smitha, you must have worked on both the tasks at the same time. Use PAR format of storytelling to tell your story. <br />
<br />
<br />
After you narrate your story, ask them what they thought about your presentation. <br />
<br />
<br />
The more often you practice, you will get better at storytelling.<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 5:'''<br />
<br />
'''About the Spoken tutorial Project'''<br />
|| The video at the following link summarizes<br />
<br />
the Spoken Tutorial project.<br />
<br />
https://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken<br />
<br />
Tutorial<br />
<br />
• Please download and watch it.<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 6:'''<br />
<br />
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''<br />
|| We conduct workshops and give certificates.<br />
<br />
• For more details, please write to us.<br />
<br />
contact@spoken-tutorial.org<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 7:'''<br />
<br />
'''Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial'''<br />
|| If you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial,<br />
<br />
Please visit our website.<br />
<br />
https://forums.spoken-tutorial.org<br />
<br />
• Choose the minute and second where you have the<br />
<br />
question.<br />
<br />
• Explain your question briefly.<br />
<br />
• The Spoken Tutorial project will ensure an answer.<br />
<br />
You will have to register to ask questions.<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 8:'''<br />
<br />
'''Forum for Specific Questions'''<br />
|| The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific<br />
<br />
questions on this tutorial.<br />
<br />
• Please do not post unrelated and general<br />
<br />
questions on them.<br />
<br />
• This will help reduce the clutter.<br />
<br />
• With less clutter, we can use these discussions<br />
<br />
as instructional material.<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 9:'''<br />
<br />
'''Acknowledgement'''<br />
|| The Spoken Tutorial project was established<br />
<br />
by the Ministry of Education(MoE), Govt of India.<br />
<br />
IIT Bombay<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 10:'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|| With this we have come to the end of this tutorial. Its me Sudha signing off. <br />
<br />
Hope you enjoyed learning. <br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Madhurighttps://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Mastering-Communication/C2/The-Power-of-Storytelling/English&diff=56518&oldid=56517Mastering-Communication/C2/The-Power-of-Storytelling/English2024-03-19T15:46:59Z<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:46, 19 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Hand bringing the Question mark icon sticker on the screen from the bottom to center in motion</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Hand bringing the Question mark icon sticker on the screen from the bottom to center in motion<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| So what is storytelling?</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| So what is storytelling?</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| It is done often through words, images, or actions.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| It is done often through words, images, or actions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Show an audience sitting in an auditorium.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' '''</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Show an audience sitting in an auditorium.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| It is done to engage and grab the attention of the audience.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| It is done to engage and grab the attention of the audience.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Hare and the tortoise story image</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Hare and the tortoise story image<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| It involves creating an interesting plot with well-developed characters.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| It involves creating an interesting plot with well-developed characters.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Hare and the tortoise story image with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">totoise </del>in the front.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Hare and the tortoise story image with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tortoise </ins>in the front.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| A plot normally has events with twists and turns for the characters to encounter.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| A plot normally has events with twists and turns for the characters to encounter.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 60:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 60:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Image of man and lady with hand gestures.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Image of man and lady with hand gestures.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Show an audience sitting in an auditorium.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' '''</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Show an audience sitting in an auditorium.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| These elements evoke emotions amongst the audience and helps them connect with the story</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| These elements evoke emotions amongst the audience and helps them connect with the story</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| On the other end show a person <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">sta]nding </del>in front of a microphone <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">next </del>show a screen with an action sequence or group of dancers performing.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| On the other end show a person <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">standing </ins>in front of a microphone<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Next </ins>show a screen with an action sequence or group of dancers performing.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| This makes storytelling a powerful medium for communication and entertainment.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| This makes storytelling a powerful medium for communication and entertainment.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Show moving emoticons <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and </del>make a collage of all the three images and transition to an equal to symbol sign with a text box saying ‘messages’.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Show moving emoticons<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">And </ins>make a collage of all the three images and transition to an equal to symbol sign with a text box saying ‘messages’.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Are you now wondering where storytelling can be useful?  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Are you now wondering where storytelling can be useful?  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 76:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 80:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Stories help us remember better.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Stories help us remember better.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Mother reading a book’ + ‘Child listening’ graphics move towards each other from the side (outside of the screen) to the center on the screen.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Mother reading a book’ + ‘Child listening’ graphics<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Graphics </ins>move towards each other from the side (outside of the screen) to the center on the screen.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 85:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 91:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Child is in the story world. Show the story background and scenes indicating that the child is imagining this while listening to the story.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Child is in the story world.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Show the story background and scenes indicating that the child is imagining this while listening to the story.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 96:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 104:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Let me present Newton’s law of Gravity in two different ways.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Let me present Newton’s law of Gravity in two different ways.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Show two <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">particle </del>Write down the formula of Law of gravitation Animate the above drawing</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Show two <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">particles. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Write down the formula of Law of gravitation Animate the above drawing</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| First as a plain definition, and then through a story.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| First as a plain definition, and then through a story.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 115:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 125:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| An image of Newton looking up at the apple tree or show newton graphic with number 2 sticker.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| An image of Newton looking up at the apple tree or show newton graphic with number 2 sticker.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Show Newton sitting and reading a book under an apple tree.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Show Newton sitting and reading a book under an apple tree.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Zoom into the tree and show an apple fall.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Zoom into the tree and show an apple fall.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Show Newton thinking with a thought bubble and inside the bubble show the apple falling from the tree.Will this be animated in the bubble?</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Show Newton thinking with a thought bubble and inside the bubble show the apple falling from the tree.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Will this be animated in the bubble?</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Let us now look at presenting the same definition with a story.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Let us now look at presenting the same definition with a story.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 132:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 145:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Did this event inspire him to come up with Newton’s law of gravity?</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Did this event inspire him to come up with Newton’s law of gravity?</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| show two particle Write down the formula of Law of gravitation Animate the above drawing</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| show two particle Write down the formula of Law of gravitation<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Animate the above drawing</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| He proposed that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| He proposed that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
</table>Madhurighttps://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Mastering-Communication/C2/The-Power-of-Storytelling/English&diff=56517&oldid=0Mastering-Communication/C2/The-Power-of-Storytelling/English2024-03-19T15:42:34Z<p>Created page with "Title of the script: '''The''' '''Power of Storytelling''' Author: Saisudha Sugavanam, Bella Tony Video and animation: Khushal Singh Rajput Graphics by: Rohit Bhasi Subjec..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>Title of the script: '''The''' '''Power of Storytelling'''<br />
<br />
Author: Saisudha Sugavanam, Bella Tony<br />
<br />
Video and animation: Khushal Singh Rajput<br />
<br />
Graphics by: Rohit Bhasi<br />
<br />
Subject Expert: Vineeta Dwivedi, S.P. Jain Institute of Management and Research, Mumbai.<br />
<br />
Keywords: storytelling, storytelling for effective communication, storytelling for job interviews, storytelling for imagination, storytelling for better recall, video tutorial, spoken tutorial.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{| border=1<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Visual Cue'''<br />
|| '''Narration'''<br />
|-<br />
|| '''Slide 1'''<br />
<br />
'''Title Slide'''<br />
|| Welcome to this '''Spoken Tutorial''' on '''The''' '''Power of Storytelling,'''<br />
|-<br />
|| '''Slide 2'''<br />
<br />
'''What are we going to learn'''<br />
|| These days we hear the word storytelling everywhere. <br />
<br />
But what is it? Where can we use it? <br />
<br />
Can we use it to learn better?<br />
<br />
Connect deeply with our friends and family? <br />
<br />
Or get our dream jobs?<br />
<br />
Let’s figure it out in this tutorial.<br />
|-<br />
|| Hand bringing the Question mark icon sticker on the screen from the bottom to center in motion<br />
|| So what is storytelling?<br />
<br />
Storytelling is the art of conveying a message.<br />
|-<br />
|| show a person standing in front of a microphone.<br />
|| It is done often through words, images, or actions.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show an audience sitting in an auditorium.''' '''<br />
|| It is done to engage and grab the attention of the audience.<br />
|-<br />
|| Hare and the tortoise story image<br />
|| It involves creating an interesting plot with well-developed characters.<br />
|-<br />
|| Hare and the tortoise story image with totoise in the front.<br />
|| A plot normally has events with twists and turns for the characters to encounter.<br />
|-<br />
|| Image of tortoise wining the race.<br />
|| When we detail the personality of the characters in the story, it becomes well-developed.<br />
|-<br />
|| Image of man and lady with hand gestures.<br />
<br />
Show an audience sitting in an auditorium.''' '''<br />
|| These elements evoke emotions amongst the audience and helps them connect with the story<br />
|-<br />
|| On the other end show a person sta]nding in front of a microphone next show a screen with an action sequence or group of dancers performing. <br />
|| This makes storytelling a powerful medium for communication and entertainment. <br />
|-<br />
|| Show moving emoticons and make a collage of all the three images and transition to an equal to symbol sign with a text box saying ‘messages’.<br />
|| Are you now wondering where storytelling can be useful? <br />
|-<br />
|| ‘Mother reading a book’ graphic/sticker<br />
<br />
<br />
‘Child listening’ graphic/sticker<br />
<br />
|| Stories help us remember better.<br />
|-<br />
|| Mother reading a book’ + ‘Child listening’ graphics move towards each other from the side (outside of the screen) to the center on the screen.<br />
<br />
<br />
Show a child with a hand on the forehead like he is thinking with excited face expression and bulb glowing like eureka!<br />
|| Hearing a story helps us imagine what we are listening to. <br />
|-<br />
|| An image of the mother telling a story to her child and make a thought bubble of Hare and the tortoise story on top of the child’s head. <br />
<br />
<br />
Child is in the story world. Show the story background and scenes indicating that the child is imagining this while listening to the story.<br />
<br />
<br />
Show the child listening to both the hare and tortoises’ stories and show an enlightened face expression.<br />
|| Stories help us understand different perspectives, and they leave a lasting impact.<br />
<br />
Let’s look at an example of storytelling.<br />
|-<br />
|| Graphic of Newton’s law of gravitation with elements moving.<br />
|| Let me present Newton’s law of Gravity in two different ways.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show two particle Write down the formula of Law of gravitation Animate the above drawing<br />
|| First as a plain definition, and then through a story.<br />
<br />
<br />
Newton’s law of Gravity states that “every particle attracts every other particle in the universe.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show newton graphic with number 1 sticker.<br />
|| This happens with a force directly proportional to the product of the masses.<br />
<br />
<br />
The force is also inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. <br />
<br />
All okay so far? <br />
<br />
<br />
This is one way to present the definition of Newton’s Law of Gravity.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|| An image of Newton looking up at the apple tree or show newton graphic with number 2 sticker.<br />
Show Newton sitting and reading a book under an apple tree.<br />
<br />
Zoom into the tree and show an apple fall.<br />
<br />
Show Newton thinking with a thought bubble and inside the bubble show the apple falling from the tree.Will this be animated in the bubble?<br />
<br />
|| Let us now look at presenting the same definition with a story. <br />
<br />
Imagine Newton was sitting under an apple tree.<br />
<br />
An apple fell on the ground. <br />
<br />
He suddenly thought of what could have made the apple fall on the ground.<br />
<br />
<br />
Did this event inspire him to come up with Newton’s law of gravity?<br />
|-<br />
|| show two particle Write down the formula of Law of gravitation Animate the above drawing<br />
|| He proposed that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe. <br />
|-<br />
|| Show and zoom into the tree, apple and then show the apple and ground distance.<br />
|| In this case, the attraction is between the ground and the apple.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show newton graphic with number 1 sticker.<br />
<br />
Show Newton writing<br />
<br />
Show the Solar system and how they are connected with the force.<br />
|| This happens with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses<br />
<br />
The force is also inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them<br />
|-<br />
|| (Expand the newton and apple image with questions on the force that brought the apple down and the impact with altered distances)<br />
<br />
Show apple falling with force,directly proportional symbol and earth and apple graphic.<br />
<br />
Show the distance between apple and earth.<br />
<br />
<br />
Show a person thinking about the 1st theory in the first bubble and then the 2nd theory on the second bubble.<br />
<br />
<br />
Show the 1st theory animation. Take the clip that shows the entire explanation from the animation.<br />
<br />
<br />
Show the 2nd theory animation. Take the end clip that shows the relation fully from the animation.<br />
<br />
<br />
Show an apple graphic sticker with sparks from the opposite sides coming to the center behind the apple.<br />
<br />
<br />
Show a person thinking with a thought bubble and inside the bubble show the apple falling from the tree.<br />
<br />
<br />
Show a comparison: a big tree with larger distance from the ground to the apple and a small tree with shorter distance from the ground to the apple.<br />
|| Ok tell me, as a listener, which of the two will you remember better? <br />
<br />
Just the plain definition of Newton's law of gravity?<br />
<br />
<br />
Or the definition presented with the apple story?<br />
<br />
The apple story sparks curiosity, and leaves an image in the listener’s mind.<br />
<br />
<br />
You may wonder what made the apple fall down in the first place. <br />
<br />
If the tree was shorter, would it impact the force?<br />
<br />
<br />
If the apple was heavier, what would have happened? <br />
<br />
<br />
Or - what if he was sitting under a coconut tree?<br />
<br />
<br />
Storytelling is fun. isn’t it?<br />
|-<br />
|| Animate graphics/stickers of camera, dance, painting, talking, singing etc. on the screen.<br />
|| Now let’s look at how we can use storytelling in our day to day life.<br />
|-<br />
|| Fade out the previous screen and show a hand showing two fingers.<br />
|| To make you understand this better, again, I will give you two examples.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show a student in formals on the left side of the screen.<br />
|| Imagine a student named Raja.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show Raja sitting in front of his interviewers.<br />
|| In a job interview, he is trying to convince his interviewers to hire him.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|| Show him talking to the interviewers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Show the interviewers sitting in front of the ed tech company logo. Blur the interviewers and highlight and focus on the logo. Keep the logo as ‘ed-tech’.<br />
|| It is an '''Ed-tech '''Company'''.'''<br />
|-<br />
|| Raja sitting in front of his interviewers showing some documents or highlighted documents.<br />
<br />
Show certificates and medals on the screen.<br />
|| He tells them about the marks he has scored so far.<br />
<br />
<br />
He shows them all the certificates, and medals he has received.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show another student in formals on the left side of the screen. Create a specific look for him to be identified as Rahul.<br />
|| Imagine another student by the name Rahul. <br />
|-<br />
|| Show a vintage video reel with each reel showing different scenarios along with Rahul’s graphic. <br />
<br />
<br />
Show Rahul talking with a talk bubble. Show the school inside the bubble.<br />
<br />
<br />
Zoom into the school and slowly show the school blurred in the background with a vignette filter. Show a few teachers (4) standing in front with a spotlight on them from top.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|| Along with his certificates and medals, he tells them a story about himself.<br />
<br />
He begins by telling them about his school in his hometown.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show one by one the teachers disappearing or a classroom with students but no teacher.<br />
|| The school lacked good computer teachers during his early years. <br />
<br />
There were many days, the teachers wouldn’t turn up.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show two students on their bench with worried expressions talking to each other.<br />
|| The students would be left not knowing what to do. <br />
|-<br />
|| Show some students sitting in a hall with the N-G-O company people wearing formals and ID cards talking to them.<br />
|| One day, an NGO''' '''offered to help his school.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show the NGO people showing a computer to the students.<br />
<br />
Rahul and students standing before computers<br />
|| It’s mission was to teach computer skills to rural children using technology<br />
<br />
<br />
With their support the students got access to good computer education.<br />
<br />
<br />
The absence of teachers did not matter anymore<br />
<br />
<br />
The NGO encouraged students to be self-learners.<br />
<br />
<br />
It also improved the level of confidence in students<br />
<br />
<br />
He told them that he wished to help students from backgrounds similar to his.<br />
<br />
<br />
He added that this is the reason why he wants to join the company.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show the interviewers sitting in front of the ed tech company logo. Blur the interviewers and highlight and focus on the logo. Keep the logo as ‘ed-tech’.<br />
|| Now let us see how the interviewers could have perceived both the presentations.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show a student in formals on the left side of the screen<br />
<br />
<br />
Raja sitting in front of his interviewers showing some documents or highlighted documents.<br />
<br />
<br />
Show certificates and medals on the screen.<br />
|| First let’s see Raja’s case.<br />
<br />
<br />
The interviewers may be interviewing a lot of people. <br />
<br />
<br />
If what is presented is not interesting, it is likely that they will forget.<br />
<br />
<br />
Do you think it is interesting to see someone’s certificates and medals?<br />
|-<br />
|| <br />
|| Next, let’s see Rahul’s case.<br />
<br />
Remember, along with his certificates and medals, he narrated his story?<br />
|-<br />
|| Show Rahul talking with a talk bubble. Show the school inside the bubble.<br />
|| Through his story, Rahul gave an idea of his early years to the interviewers. <br />
<br />
<br />
When they heard his story, they would have imagined him as a little boy in a school<br />
|-<br />
|| Show one by one the teachers disappearing or a classroom with students but no teacher.<br />
|| They would have picturized a school without teachers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Then imagined students studying in front of a computer<br />
|-<br />
|| <br />
|| Rahul used the story to help his interviewers to get an idea about his early life<br />
<br />
<br />
He also made his intentions very clear.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show the interviewers picture.<br />
|| What do you think? <br />
<br />
<br />
Will the interviewers remember Raja or Rahul?<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|| Show pictures of Raja.<br />
|| Raja would have also had a story. <br />
<br />
<br />
Just that he didn’t choose to communicate that.<br />
|-<br />
|| Slide showing P-A-R alphabets.<br />
<br />
<br />
Show the audience happy along with the speaker standing in front of a microphone or screen with an action sequence or a group of dancers performing (previously shown).<br />
|| This structured way to convey a narrative is known as '''Problem-Action-Result format'''.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show PAR<br />
|| It will be called '''PAR '''in the following tutorials of the same series.<br />
|-<br />
|| Show PAR<br />
|| Let’s break Rahul’s narration in the '''PAR''' format:<br />
|-<br />
|| Show school with teachers.<br />
|| What was the problem? <br />
<br />
In Rahul’s school there were not sufficient teachers. <br />
|-<br />
|| Show students sitting and standing before computers.<br />
<br />
Students holding certificates.<br />
|| What was the action taken? <br />
<br />
<br />
His school provided them access to computer education through an NGO<br />
|-<br />
|| Show students.<br />
|| What was the result achieved? <br />
<br />
He and his fellow classmates became confident self-learners.<br />
|-<br />
|| '''Slide 3'''<br />
<br />
'''Summary'''<br />
|| Ok, Now, let us summarize.<br />
<br />
<br />
In this tutorial, we have learnt about<br />
<br />
the power of storytelling in our communication. <br />
<br />
Storytelling is vast, and we have only given an introduction.<br />
<br />
<br />
With this we come to the end of this tutorial.<br />
|-<br />
|| '''Slide 4'''<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Assignment:'''<br />
<br />
|| As an assignment do the following -<br />
<br />
<br />
''1. Open the file Mahatma-Gandhi's-Salt-March''.txt available in the code file link.<br />
<br />
2. Read the story and categorize it in the PAR format<br />
<br />
3. Identify the problem.<br />
<br />
4. What was the action taken?<br />
<br />
5. What was the result produced?<br />
<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 5'''<br />
<br />
'''About Spoken Tutorial Project'''<br />
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.<br />
<br />
<br />
Please download and watch it.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 6'''<br />
<br />
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''<br />
|| We conduct workshops and give certificates.<br />
<br />
For more details, please write to us.<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 7'''<br />
<br />
'''Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial'''<br />
|| If you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial, Please visit our website. <br />
<br />
Choose the minute and second where you have the question.<br />
<br />
Explain your question briefly<br />
<br />
The Spoken Tutorial project will ensure an answer.<br />
<br />
You will have to register to ask questions<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 8'''<br />
<br />
'''Forum for Specific Questions'''<br />
<br />
|| The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial.<br />
<br />
Please do not post unrelated and general questions on them.<br />
<br />
This will help reduce the clutter.<br />
<br />
With less clutter, we can use these discussions as instructional material.<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 9'''<br />
<br />
'''Acknowledgement'''<br />
|| The Spoken Tutorial project was established by the Ministry of Education(MoE), Govt of India.<br />
<br />
|- <br />
|| '''Slide 10'''<br />
<br />
'''Thank you'''<br />
|| Thanks for watching.<br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Madhurighttps://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Ns-3-Network-Simulator/C3/Creating-TCP/UDP-flow-with-Star-Topology/English&diff=56516&oldid=0Ns-3-Network-Simulator/C3/Creating-TCP/UDP-flow-with-Star-Topology/English2024-03-18T09:16:54Z<p>Created page with "{| border="1" |- || '''Visual Cue''' || '''Narration''' |- || '''Slide:1''''' || Welcome to Spoken tutorial on creating '''TCP/UDP flow '''with''' star topology.''' |- style=..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{| border="1"<br />
|-<br />
|| '''Visual Cue'''<br />
|| '''Narration'''<br />
|-<br />
|| '''Slide:1'''''<br />
|| Welcome to Spoken tutorial on creating '''TCP/UDP flow '''with''' star topology.''' <br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide: <br />
<br />
'''Learning Objectives'''<br />
|| In this tutorial, we will learn to<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create a '''star topology'''</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create an on-off application to send '''TCP''' traffic</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create an on-off application to send '''UDP''' traffic</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Calculate '''throughput''' and '''delay'''</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Analyze the flow using a '''flow monitor.'''</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide: <br />
<br />
'''System Requirements'''<br />
|| To record this tutorial, I am using<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Ubuntu''' Linux OS version '''22.04.'''</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''ns-3''' version 3.38.</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide:<br />
<br />
'''Pre-requisites'''<br />
|| To follow this tutorial<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The learner must have basic knowledge of using Linux terminal</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The learner must have understanding of network topologies</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">For pre-requisite Linux and ns-3 tutorials, please visit this website [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ https://spoken-tutorial.org]</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:0.6pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"<br />
|| <div style="color:#252525;">Show Slide:</div><br />
<br />
<div style="color:#252525;">'''Code Files'''</div><br />
||<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.87cm;margin-right:0cm;"><span style="color:#252525;">The files used in this tutorial are provided in the </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Code files'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> link.</span></div><br />
* <div style="color:#252525;margin-left:1.87cm;margin-right:0cm;">Please download and extract the files.</div><br />
* <div style="color:#252525;margin-left:1.87cm;margin-right:0cm;">Make a copy and then use them while practicing.</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide:<br />
<br />
'''Star topology '''<br />
|| For this tutorial, we would be creating the following topology.<br />
<br />
A '''star topology''' network with '''five point to point links'''.<br />
<br />
The '''hub '''will be a part of all the links and hence, will have '''five IP addresses.'''<br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide:<br />
<br />
'''Classes and Methods'''<br />
|| Let’s look at the '''classes '''and '''methods''' used to create '''TCP''' and '''UDP''' '''flows'''.<br />
<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''PacketSinkHelper '''class is used to create a '''packet sink '''on the '''hub'''. </div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''OnOffHelper''' class is used to send a particular traffic to the hub.''' '''</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''PointToPointStarHelper '''class is used to create star topology using p2p links.</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Open code editor<br />
|| I have created the source file '''flow2final.cc''' for this program.<br />
<br />
The source code contains the required functions to create, <br />
<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">A '''TCP flow''' from '''node 3''' to the '''hub'''</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">A '''UDP flow''' from '''node 2 '''to the '''hub.'''</div><br />
<br />
Now we will go through the source file for the program. <br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Config::SetDefault ("ns3::OnOffApplication::PacketSize", UintegerValue (137));'''<br />
|| To build '''star topology '''let us set up default values for the '''size''' of the packets.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Config::SetDefault ("ns3::OnOffApplication::DataRate", StringValue ("1400 kb/s"));'''<br />
|| We shall also set the value for '''data rate''' to be '''1400 kbps''' as the default value.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Only narration<br />
|| Let us build a star topology with '''p2p connection'''s.<br />
<br />
For that we shall use the''' PointToPointHelper''' class.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''InternetStackHelper internet;'''<br />
<br />
'''star.InstallStack (internet);'''<br />
<br />
|| Then let us install the''' internet stack''' on all the nodes.<br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''PacketSinkHelper packetSinkHelper ("ns3::TcpSocketFactory", hubLocalAddress);'''<br />
|| Next, we shall create a '''packet sink '''to '''receive''' the''' packets''' on the '''hub.'''<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''ApplicationContainer hubApp = packetSinkHelper.Install (star.GetHub ());'''<br />
|| Then let us create a '''container''' to receive the '''packets''' on the '''hub'''. <br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Only narration<br />
|| Further, we create an''' on-off application''' to send '''TCP/UDP traffic''' to the '''hub'''.<br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight''' OnOffHelper onOffHelper ("ns3::TcpSocketFactory", Address ());'''<br />
|| The address of the '''hub''' is fetched for sending the '''TCP traffic''' to it.<br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''OnTime '''and then '''OffTime'''<br />
|| Now, we set the''' ontime''' to''' 1 '''and''' offtime''' to '''0'''.<br />
Next, we fetch the '''port''' of the '''hub''' from the '''spoke node'''.<br />
<br />
Also let us set the attribute type to '''Remote.'''<br />
<br />
Then install the '''OnOffHelper '''on the '''spoke node'''. <br />
|-<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''OnOffHelper clientHelper("ns3::UdpSocketFactory", Address());'''<br />
|| The address of the '''hub '''is fetched for receiving the '''UDP''' '''traffic '''from '''node 2.'''<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Only Narration<br />
|| We then follow the same procedure as we did for '''TCP.'''<br />
<br />
Now pause the tutorial and repeat the same procedure for '''UDP.'''<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Ptr<FlowMonitor> flowMonitor;'''<br />
|| Then, '''Initialize''' flow monitor for tracing.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| HIghlight '''FlowMonitorHelper flowHelper;'''<br />
<br />
'''flowMonitor= flowHelper.InstallAll();'''<br />
<br />
|| We shall then install a '''flow monitor''' on all the '''spoke nodes'''.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Simulator::Run()'''<br />
|| Now, the''' Run()''' function is used to run the simulation.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| HIghlight '''Ptr<Ipv4FlowClassifier> classifier=DynamicCast<Ipv4FlowClassifier> (flowHelper.GetClassifier());'''<br />
|| Let us now create an object of the '''Ipv4FlowClassifier class.'''<br />
<br />
The created '''object '''returns a''' pointer''' to the '''flow classifier.'''<br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''std::map<FlowId,FlowMonitor::FlowStats> stats=flowMonitor->GetFlowStats();'''<br />
|| To store the information about the '''network flow, '''let us use this command.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight the '''entire for loop.'''<br />
<br />
Highlight '''iter->first'''<br />
<br />
Highlight '''iter->second''' <br />
|| Let’s retrieve the details of the flow using a '''for loop.'''<br />
<br />
'''iter arrow first '''is used to collect the '''ID''' of the '''flow.'''<br />
<br />
'''iter arrow second '''is used to collect the '''data '''associated with the''' flow.'''<br />
<br />
We will analyze the '''type of flow''' and '''print''' the''' delay''' and '''throughput'''.<br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Simulator::Destroy()'''<br />
|| The '''Destroy() '''function ends the simulation.<br />
<br />
Now close the text editor.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| <br />
<br />
Press '''Ctrl, Alt '''and '''T keys'''<br />
<br />
Navigate to the '''ns-allinone-3.38/ns3.38 '''directory<br />
<br />
Type '''mv ~/Downloads/flow2final.cc scratch/flow2final.cc '''to move the source file to '''scratch '''directory.<br />
|| Now we will observe the simulation.<br />
<br />
Open the terminal by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt''' and '''T keys''' simultaneously.<br />
<br />
Using the '''cd '''command, navigate to the installation directory of '''ns-3'''.<br />
<br />
Go to the '''ns-3.38''' directory.<br />
<br />
Move your '''source file''' to the '''scratch '''directory within the '''ns-3.38''' '''directory'''.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Type ./'''ns3 run scratch/flow2final.cc'''<br />
<br />
Highlight '''throughput '''and '''delay'''<br />
|| Run the command ./'''ns3 run scratch/flow2final.cc '''command.<br />
<br />
'''flow2final.cc '''is the name of the source file. <br />
<br />
After compilation, we see the details of '''TCP '''and''' UDP flows'''.<br />
<br />
We also see the''' throughput''' and''' delay''' of the flow.<br />
|-<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide: '''Summary'''<br />
|| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. <br />
<br />
Let us summarize. <br />
<br />
In this tutorial, we have <br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Created a '''star topology'''.</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Created a '''TCP''' flow with star topology.</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Created a''' UDP''' flow with star topology.</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Calculated '''throughput''' and '''delay'''</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Analyzed the''' flow''' using a '''flow monitor.'''</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide:''' Assignment'''<br />
|| As an assignment, please do the following:<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create a''' star topology''' with 10 '''spoke''' nodes.</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create an '''on-off '''application.</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Send '''TCP''' traffic through the '''on-off''' application.</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Set the '''attribute''' to '''Remote.'''</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Analyze the flow using a flow''' monitor.''' </div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide:<br />
<br />
'''Assignment- Observations'''<br />
|| In the terminal, you will observe this output with '''TCP flow'''.<br />
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide:<br />
<br />
'''About Spoken Tutorial Project'''<br />
|| The video at the following link summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial project'''.<br />
<br />
Please download and watch it.<br />
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide:<br />
<br />
'''Spoken Tutorial Workshops'''<br />
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' team conducts workshops and gives certificates.<br />
<br />
For more details, please write to us.<br />
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide:<br />
<br />
'''Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial'''<br />
|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.<br />
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide:<br />
<br />
'''FOSSEE Forum'''<br />
|| For any general or technical questions on ns-3, visit the''' FOSSEE forum''' and post your question<br />
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide: '''Acknowledgement'''<br />
|| <span style="color:#252525;">'''Spoken Tutorial'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> Project was established by the </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Ministry of Education, Government of India'''</span><span style="color:#252525;">.</span><br />
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide: '''Acknowledgement'''<br />
|| <span style="color:#252525;">We thank </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Dr.Moyukh Laha'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> from </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''IIT Kharagpur'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> for his domain support.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color:#252525;">We would also like to thank </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Dr. R. Radha, Dr. X. Anita, and Dr.T.Subbulakshmi '''</span><span style="color:#252525;">from</span><span style="color:#252525;">''' VIT, Chennai '''</span><span style="color:#252525;">for their support.</span><br />
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide: Thank you<br />
<br />
|| <span style="color:#252525;">This is </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Arun Santhosh'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> ,a FOSSEE Summer Fellow 2023, IIT Bombay signing off.</span><br />
<br />
<div style="color:#252525;">Thank you for joining.</div><br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Nirmala Venkathttps://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Ns-3-Network-Simulator/C3/Dynamic-Routing-Protocol/English&diff=56515&oldid=56514Ns-3-Network-Simulator/C3/Dynamic-Routing-Protocol/English2024-03-15T10:17:51Z<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:17, 15 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Type '''cd ns-allinone-3.38/ns-3.38 '''to navigate to the ns3 installation directory</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Type '''cd ns-allinone-3.38/ns-3.38 '''to navigate to the ns3 installation directory</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Type '''mv ~/Downloads/DynamicRouting.cc scratch/DynamicRouting.cc '''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to move the source file to '''scratch '''directory.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Type '''mv ~/Downloads/DynamicRouting.cc scratch/DynamicRouting.cc '''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Now we will observe the simulation.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|| Now we will observe the simulation.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Nirmala Venkathttps://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=Ns-3-Network-Simulator/C3/Dynamic-Routing-Protocol/English&diff=56514&oldid=0Ns-3-Network-Simulator/C3/Dynamic-Routing-Protocol/English2024-03-15T10:15:23Z<p>Created page with "{| border="1" |- || '''Visual Cue''' || '''Narration''' |- || '''Slide:1''' || Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Dynamic routing protocols in ns-3'''. |- style="border:1pt..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{| border="1"<br />
|-<br />
|| '''Visual Cue'''<br />
|| '''Narration'''<br />
|-<br />
|| '''Slide:1'''<br />
|| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Dynamic routing protocols in ns-3'''.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide:<br />
<br />
'''Learning Objectives'''<br />
|| In this tutorial, we will learn to<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create a multi-path topology</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Schedule down times for links</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Implement OSPF dynamic routing</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide:<br />
<br />
'''System Requirements'''<br />
|| To record this tutorial, I am using:<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Ubuntu Linux 22.04 OS'''</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''ns-3'''.'''38'''</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''NetAnim '''visualizer tool</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide:<br />
<br />
'''Prerequisite'''<br />
<br />
<div style="color:#3c78d8;">'''https://spoken-tutorial.org/'''</div><br />
|| To follow this tutorial<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">You must have basic knowledge of '''Linux '''and '''ns-3'''</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">For pre-requisite '''Linux '''and '''ns-3''' tutorials, please visit this website</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide:<br />
<br />
'''Code files'''<br />
|| <br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The files used in this tutorial are provided in the '''Code files''' link</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Please download and extract the files</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Make a copy and then use them while practicing</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide:<br />
<br />
'''What is OSPF Routing?'''<br />
|| <br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) '''is a link state routing protocol</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">It determines the shortest path between the source and the destination</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show diagram:<br />
<br />
'''Network topology with 6 nodes and four paths'''<br />
|| For this tutorial, we would be creating the following topology:<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The topology consists of 6 nodes</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Node 0 is the client node</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Node 5 is the server node</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">There are four paths from client to server</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Each link is '''point-to-point '''connection </div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Open the file '''DynamicRouting.cc '''in text editor<br />
|| I have created the source file '''DynamicRoutingprotocols.cc''' for this program.<br />
<br />
Now we will go through the source code in the text editor.<br />
<br />
The source code contains the required functions to implement '''OSPF dynamic routing.'''<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Config::SetDefault("ns3::Ipv4GlobalRouting::RespondToInterfaceEvents", BooleanValue(true))'''<br />
|| Using the '''SetDefault '''method, we first enable dynamic routing.<br />
<br />
'''RespondToInterfaceEvents '''enables the '''ns-3''' program to automatically change routes.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight <br />
<br />
'''NodeContainer p2pNodes'''<br />
<br />
'''p2pNodes.Create(6)'''<br />
<br />
|| The node container contains 6 nodes.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight''' stack.Install(p2pNodes);'''<br />
<br />
|| Let’s install an internet stack on the nodes.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''NodeContainer n01, n02, n23, n14, n15, n45;'''<br />
|| Next we create 6 more node containers. <br />
<br />
These containers are for the individual '''point-to-point''' networks.<br />
<br />
The node containers are''' n01''', '''n02''', '''n23''',''' n34''', '''n14''',''' n15''' and '''n45'''.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Address.SetBase'''<br />
|| Then we assign base addresses to the '''point-to-point '''networks.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight <span style="color:#24292e;">'''10.1.1.0'''</span><br />
|| The address of the network between node 0 and node 1 is 10.1.1.0.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''10.1.2.0'''<br />
|| The address of the network between node 0 and node 2 is 10.1.2.0.<br />
<br />
Similarly, the addresses for other networks are set.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''pointToPoint.Install(n01)'''<br />
|| The '''Install''' method installs point-to-point channels on the nodes.<br />
<br />
The nodes are node 0 and node 1 here.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight''' NetDeviceContainer nd01'''<br />
|| The '''Install '''method returns an object of '''NetDeviceContainer''' class.<br />
<br />
We store it in object nd01.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight''' Address.Assign(nd01)'''<br />
|| The '''Assign '''method assigns '''IP addresses''' to the nodes.<br />
<br />
The''' IP addresses''' are based on the network address..<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Ipv4InterfaceContainer i01'''<br />
|| The '''Assign '''method returns an '''Ipv4InterfaceContainer''' object.<br />
<br />
We store it in object i01.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''uint16_t port = 9'''<br />
|| Next, we set the port number to 9.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''OnOffHelper onoff'''<br />
|| Then we create '''OnOff applications '''to send packets.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''InetSocketAddress(i45.GetAddress(1), port)'''<br />
|| Here we create a '''UDP socket''' on the remote destination node.<br />
<br />
The socket is created on port 9 of node 5.<br />
<br />
We get the '''IP address''' of node 5 using the i45 object.<br />
<br />
The '''GetAddress '''method is used to get the address of the node with index 1.<br />
<br />
Please note that the indexing is within the i45 interface.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''onoff.SetConstantRate(DataRate("2kbps"))'''<br />
|| Then, we set the properties for the application.<br />
<br />
The '''data rate '''is set to 2kbps.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''onoff.SetAttribute'''<br />
|| The '''packet size''' is set to 50 bytes.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''ApplicationContainer apps = onoff.Install(p2pNodes.Get(0))'''<br />
|| Create an application container.<br />
<br />
Then, install the '''OnOff application '''on node 0.<br />
<br />
Here the indexing is in the overall network.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''apps.Start(Seconds(1.0))'''<br />
|| Set the start time for the apps to 1 second from the start of simulation.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''apps.Stop(Seconds(16.0))'''<br />
|| Similarly set the stop time to 16 seconds from the start of simulation.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper '''<br />
|| In order to get the routing tables, we create an '''Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper '''object.<br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Create<OutputStreamWrapper>'''<br />
|| Then we create an output stream, with the class '''OutputStreamWrapper.'''<br />
<br />
The '''OutputStreamWrapper '''encapsulates an output stream.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''global-routing.routes'''<br />
|| The name of the output file is '''global-routing.routes.'''<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''PrintRoutingTableAllAt'''<br />
|| The '''PrintRoutingTableAllAt '''sets the time at which the routing tables are printed.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Seconds (2)'''<br />
|| We print the tables two times.<br />
<br />
One at 2 seconds.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Seconds (12)'''<br />
|| The other at 12 seconds.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''routingStream'''<br />
|| The routes are printed to the output stream created earlier.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Only narration<br />
|| We print the tables two times to observe the dynamic selection of routes.<br />
<br />
Between the two prints, we shall make the shortest link down.<br />
<br />
Then, the next shortest link would be selected dynamically.<br />
<br />
In this program, the network between nodes 1 and 5 will be set down.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Ptr<Node> n1 = p2pNodes.Get(1)'''<br />
|| Next we create a pointer to the node whose link would be set down.<br />
<br />
In this case, it is node 1.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''n1->GetObject<Ipv4>'''<br />
|| Then, we get the '''IPv4 '''class object for the node using the '''GetObject '''method.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''ipv4ifIndex1 = 1'''<br />
|| Now we need to select the network that has to be set down.<br />
<br />
A single node can be connected to multiple networks.<br />
<br />
We need to specify the index of the network.<br />
<br />
The network indexes start from 1.<br />
<br />
For this tutorial, we are deactivating the link between nodes 0 and 1.<br />
<br />
It is the first network for node 1.<br />
<br />
Hence, the index is 1 here.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(5), &Ipv4::SetDown, ipv41, ipv4ifIndex1)'''<br />
|| Then, we schedule the down time for the network to 5 seconds.<br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''AnimationInterface anim'''<br />
|| Next we create an '''AnimationInterface '''object for '''NetAnim '''animation.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| <span style="color:#24292e;">Highlight </span>'''anim.SetConstantPosition'''<br />
|| Then set the positions for the nodes using the '''SetConstantPosition '''function. <br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Simulator::Run()'''<br />
|| The '''Run '''function is used to run the simulation<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Simulator::Destroy()'''<br />
|| And '''Destroy '''function ends the simulation<br />
<br />
Close the text editor.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Press Ctrl,Alt and T keys<br />
Type '''cd ns-allinone-3.38/ns-3.38 '''to navigate to the ns3 installation directory<br />
<br />
Type '''mv ~/Downloads/DynamicRouting.cc scratch/DynamicRouting.cc '''to move the source file to '''scratch '''directory.<br />
|| Now we will observe the simulation. <br />
<br />
Using the '''cd '''command, navigate to the installation directory of '''ns-3'''.<br />
<br />
Go to the '''ns-3.38''' directory.<br />
<br />
Move your source file to the '''scratch '''directory within the '''ns-3.38''' directory.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Type ./'''ns3 run scratch/DynamicRouting.cc'''<br />
|| Run the command '''dot forward slash''' '''ns3 run space scratch forward slash DynamicRoutingprotocols dot cc.'''<br />
<br />
'''DynamicRoutingprotocols dot cc '''is the name of the source file. <br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Keep the terminal open and show the output of the command <br />
|| After compilation, there is no output on the terminal.<br />
<br />
We shall observe the routing tables in the routes file created earlier.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Switch to file manager and open the '''ns-3.38 '''directory.<br />
<br />
Select the '''global-routing.routes '''file.<br />
|| The routes file is created in the same directory from which we run the simulation.<br />
<br />
In this case, it is '''ns-3.38 '''directory.<br />
<br />
In the directory, a file with the name '''global-routing.routes '''should appear.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Open the '''global-routing.routes '''file.<br />
<br />
Highlight '''Node: 0, Time: +2s'''<br />
<br />
|| Open the file by double clicking on it.<br />
<br />
In the file for each node, the following details are shown:<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The destination address</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The gateway</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The network mask</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Flags</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Metric</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Use</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Interface</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Destination '''and '''Gateway'''.<br />
|| The destination address and the gateway are of interest to us.<br />
<br />
These represent the possible paths that the packet can take.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Hover over the table under node 0.<br />
|| As configured earlier, the tables are printed two times.<br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Highlight '''Time: +2s'''<br />
|| Once at 2 seconds, and the next at 12 seconds.<br />
<br />
At 5 seconds, the link between nodes 0 and 1 goes down.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Scroll down and highlight '''Node: 0, Time: +12s'''<br />
|| Hence, at 12 seconds, the routes are different.<br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Hover over the table under node 0.<br />
|| You may inspect the routing tables to see the difference.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Type '''cd ~/ns-allinone-3.38/netanim '''to navigate to the '''netanim '''directory.<br />
|| Now, to visualize the network, we will use '''NetAnim'''. <br />
<br />
Navigate to the '''netanim '''directory under '''ns-allinone-3.38.'''<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Type ./'''NetAnim'''<br />
|| Now type '''dot forward slash NetAnim. '''The '''NetAnim '''window will open.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Click on the '''Open XML trace file '''icon on the top left corner of the window.<br />
|| Click on the '''Open XML trace file '''icon on the top left corner of the window.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| In the file picker, navigate to the '''ns-allinone-3.38/ns-3.38 '''directory and select the '''DynamicRouting.xml '''file.<br />
|| In the file picker, navigate to the '''ns-3.38 '''directory.<br />
<br />
Select the '''DynamicRouting.xml '''file.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| On the toolbar, click on the '''Node Size '''drop down button, and select size 10.<br />
|| On the toolbar, click on the '''Node Size '''drop down button.<br />
<br />
Select size 10.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| On the toolbar, click on the play button<br />
|| On the toolbar, click on the play button to view the simulation.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Hover the cursor over node 0.<br />
|| We see the circles representing the nodes.<br />
<br />
The packets go from node 0 to node 5, via node 1.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Move the cursor over the link between node 0 and node 1.<br />
|| The lines with arrows represent the transfer of packets.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Move the cursor from node 0 to node 1. <br />
<br />
Then move the cursor from node 1 to node 5.<br />
<br />
Move the cursor according to the arrows.<br />
|| The packets go from node 0 to node 5, via node 1.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Hover over the ‘'''Sim time’ '''slider on the toolbar.<br />
<br />
Wait for it to cross 5 seconds.<br />
|| After 5 seconds, the link between nodes 0 and 1 gets down.<br />
<br />
Before the link was set down, path 0-1-5 was the shortest.<br />
<br />
This route goes from nodes 2, 3 and 4.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Hover the cursor over the arrows as they move from node 0 to node 5.<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Shortest_Path_First https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Shortest_Path_First]<br />
<br />
|| As we can see, the packets automatically switch to the next available route.<br />
<br />
The selection of paths is based on the '''OSPF protoco'''l.<br />
<br />
To learn more about OSPF, please refer to this link<br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide: <br />
<br />
'''Summary'''<br />
|| This brings us to the end of the tutorial. Let us summarize.<br />
<br />
In this tutorial, we have learnt to<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create a multi-path topology</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Schedule down times for links</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Implement '''OSPF dynamic routing'''</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide:<br />
<br />
'''Assignment'''<br />
|| As an assignment, please do the following:<br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Modify the code for the below criteria.</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Make the link between node 1 and node 4 down at 5 seconds</div><br />
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Generate an XML file for animation</div><br />
<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide:<br />
<br />
'''Assignment - Observation'''<br />
|| <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">In </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''NetAnim'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">, you will observe the change in routes after 5 seconds.</span><br />
<br />
The route from node 0 to node 5 through node 4 gets chosen automatically.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide: <br />
<br />
'''About the Spoken Tutorial Project'''<br />
|| <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">The video at the following link summarizes the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Spoken Tutorial project'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">.</span><br />
<br />
Please download and watch it.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show Slide:<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#252525;">'''Spoken Tutorial Workshops'''</span> <br />
|| <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">The </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Spoken Tutorial Project'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> team conducts workshops and gives certificates.</span><br />
<br />
For more details, please write to us.<br />
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"<br />
|| <div style="color:#252525;">Show Slide:</div><br />
<br />
<div style="color:#252525;">'''Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial'''</div><br />
|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.<br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| <div style="color:#252525;">Show Slide:</div><br />
<br />
<div style="color:#252525;">'''FOSSEE Forum'''</div><br />
|| <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">For any general or technical questions on </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''ns-3'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">, visit the</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">''' FOSSEE forum'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> and post your question.</span><br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide<br />
<br />
'''Acknowledgement'''<br />
|| <span style="color:#252525;">'''Spoken Tutorial'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> Project was established by the </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Ministry of Education, Government of India'''</span><span style="color:#252525;">.</span><br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide<br />
<br />
'''Acknowledgement'''<br />
|| <span style="color:#252525;">We thank </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Dr.Moyukh Laha'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> from </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''IIT Kharagpur'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> for his domain support.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color:#252525;">We would also like to thank </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Dr. R. Radha, Dr. X. Anita, and Dr. T. Subbulakshmi '''</span><span style="color:#252525;">from</span><span style="color:#252525;">''' VIT, Chennai '''</span><span style="color:#252525;">for their support</span><br />
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"<br />
|| Show slide:<br />
<br />
'''Thank You'''<br />
|| <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">This is </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Josiga, '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">a FOSSEE summer fellow 2023, IIT Bombay signing off.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Thanks for joining.<br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Nirmala Venkat